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第頁Unit21HumanBiology-詞匯篇2____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、掌握本單元Lesson2、Lesson3及CommunicationWorkshop中的重點(diǎn)單詞,短語及句型。2、靈活運(yùn)用本單元Lesson2、Lesson3及CommunicationWorkshop中的重點(diǎn)單詞,短語及句型。重點(diǎn)單詞與短語1.relatev.使有聯(lián)系;涉及;與……相關(guān)詞匯拓展:relativeadj.相對(duì)的;比較的relativelyadv.相對(duì)地relatedadj.相關(guān)的;有聯(lián)系的Muchofthecrimeinthisareaisrelatedtodrugabuse.這一地區(qū)的許多犯罪都與嗜毒有關(guān)。2.it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:it+is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分??梢詫?duì)主語、賓語、狀語等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。Imetanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.(對(duì)主語、賓語、狀語等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)可表示為)ItwasIthat/whometanoldfrendinthestreetyesterday.Itwasanoldfrendthat/whoImetinthestreetyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImettanoldfrend.ItwasyesterdaythatImettanoldfrendinthestreet.3.putoff推遲putoff+n./doingsth.推遲某事/做某事I’llhavetoputoffmyvisituntilnexrmonth.我不得不把我的訪問推遲到下個(gè)月。putsb.off讓某人等(由于不想見或不想付款等原因)Iputhimoffwithapromisetopayhimnextweek.我推脫說下個(gè)星期付給他錢。4.bringup提出1)提出Thesearemattersthatyoucanbringupatthemeeting.這些事你可以在會(huì)議上提出。2)養(yǎng)育Herparentsdiedwhenshewasababyandshewasbroughtupbyheraunt.她是嬰兒時(shí)父母就死了,她是由姑母撫養(yǎng)大的。3)嘔吐Shefeltsickandbroughtupherlunch.她覺的惡心并且把午飯吃的食物吐了。5.attempttodo企圖做某事辨析attempttodo/trytodo易混詞組詞義區(qū)別attempttodo試圖更注重設(shè)法做某事,目的性更強(qiáng)trytodo努力盡力做某事,結(jié)果不一定成功,較口語化Heattempedtoescapethroughawindow.他試圖設(shè)法從窗戶逃離。Youshouldtrytosolvetheproblem.你應(yīng)該盡力解決這上問題。6.prohibitv.禁止prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事Thelawprohibitstobacconistsfromsellingcigarettestochildren.法律禁止煙販向兒童出售香煙。7.exposev.暴露;顯露1)顯露;露出Whenhesmiledheexposedaperfectsetofwhiteteech.他笑時(shí)露出一口完美的白牙。2)使面臨,使遭受(危險(xiǎn)或不快)Thebabywasleftexposedtothewindandrain.嬰兒被遺棄于風(fēng)雨之中。3)揭露,揭穿Shewasexposedasaliarandafraud.她說謊和欺騙的面目被揭穿了。8.agreev.同意agreewithsb.和某人意見一致agreetoaplan/proposal/suggestion同意計(jì)劃/提議/建議等agreeon…在……上取得一致意見,商定,約定Theyagreeontheplanofwork.agree后跟賓語從句,表示對(duì)某事意見一致Weagreethattheproposalisagoodone.我們一致認(rèn)為這個(gè)建議不錯(cuò)。agreetodosth.同意做某事Theyagreetostartearly.他們同意早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。9.declinev.下降1)下降,減少Herinfluencedeclinedaftershelosttheelection.她落選后其影響力降低了。2)拒絕;婉言謝絕Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshedeclined.我邀請(qǐng)她加入我們,可是她婉言謝絕了。辨析decline/decrease易混詞組詞義區(qū)別decline下降除了指數(shù)值上的下降還指能力等抽象事物的衰退decrease下降專指數(shù)值上的下降Hisinterestintheprojectdeclinedafterhiswifedied.在他妻子去世后他對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的興趣下降了。Thenumberofthestudentsdecreasedfrom500to300.學(xué)生人數(shù)從500降到了300.10.infavour贊同;支持短語拓展:infavourof贊同;支持infavourwith受寵愛insb.’sfavour有利于某人dosb.afavour幫某人一個(gè)忙Iamverymuchinfavourofyourproposal.我非常贊成你的提議。Thestudentisinfavourwithhisprofessor.這個(gè)學(xué)生深得他的教授寵愛。Excuseme,canyoudomeafavour?勞駕,你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎?11.pretendv.假裝pretendtodosth.假裝做某事pretendtosth.自稱;自認(rèn)為pretendthat假裝Thechildrenpretendedtoeatmudpies.孩子們假裝吃泥餅。Surelyhedoesn’tpretendtoanyunderstandingofmusic.想必他不會(huì)自認(rèn)為懂得什么音樂吧!Shepretendedthatshewasnotathomewhenwerangthebell.我們按門鈴時(shí),她假裝不在家。例1.(2019湖南)It’snotdoingthethingwelike,butlikingthethingwehavetodo_________makeslifehappy.A.that B.which C.what D.who解析
:考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)用法。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+that/who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)+其他部分。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)主語notdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodo。句意:是做我們喜歡做的事情,而不是喜歡我們不得不做的事情讓生活幸福。故可知本題答案。答案:A例2.(2019海淀二模)Whatisit______makesyoustudysohard?Togotomydreamuniversity.A.what B.that C.who D.whether解析:句意為是什么讓你那么努力?去我夢(mèng)想的大學(xué)。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法。所以應(yīng)用that由語意可知本題答案。答案為B例3.(2019安徽安慶一中月考)ChinaandtheUnitedStatesheldtheirstrategicdialogueonAugust1stand__________toincreaseco-operationandconstructiverelations.A.agreed B.wouldagree C.haveagreed D.hadagreed解析:因?yàn)橛写_定的過去時(shí)間onAugust1,再考慮and連接的并列句應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)一致,所以要用一般過去式。由此可知本題答案.答案:A例4.(2019福建四川石室中學(xué)一診模擬)It’sevidentthattheChineseFootballTeamhasn’tyetfoundastylethat___________them.Yousee,theycan’tevenbeatsuchaweakteamasIndonesia.A.matches B.suits C.fits D.agrees解析:考查動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分。句義:很顯然,中國足球隊(duì)還沒有找到適合他們的風(fēng)格。你看見了,他們甚至不能擊敗印度尼西亞這樣的一個(gè)弱的隊(duì)伍。matches搭配,強(qiáng)調(diào)二者之間的搭配,匹配suitssuit作及物動(dòng)詞用,意為"適合",主要指顏色、衣著、發(fā)式、時(shí)間、口味、氣候、條件、地位等適合某人,fits衣服的大小適合agrees是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能直接帶賓語,由此可知本題答案。答案:B例5.(2019福建福州質(zhì)檢)Thedoctoradvisedhertoeatmorebeanproducts__________meatwhichmightbeharmfultoherheart.A.forlackof B.bymeansof C.inplaceof D.infavorof解析:考察介詞短語辨析。句義:醫(yī)生建議她多食用豆類產(chǎn)品來代替肉類,那些肉對(duì)她的心臟病有害。Forlackof缺乏,bymeansof通過…的方式;infavorof贊成,有利于;根據(jù)語境可知本題答案。答案:C基礎(chǔ)演練一.單詞拼寫(單句首字母填空)1.Itisveryc___________,butI'lltrymybesttoexplainit.2.Shecouldn'tspeakmuchEnglishsoherchildrenhadtoi___________forher.3.Thebodieswerei___________asthoseoftwosuspecteddrugdealers.4.Theyexpressedmixede___________atthenews.5.Wearep___________towelcomeyouasourspeakerthisevening.6.Theclassc___________forallabilityranges.7.Thechildrenweresurprisedbythesuddene___________oftheirteacher.8.Therewasa___________timetogettotheairport,sodon'thurry.9.Weneedmores___________nowtostoreourgoods.10.We'llhavetop___________themeetinguntilnextweek.Keys:1.complicated 2.Interpret 3.identified 4.emotions5.privileged 6.caters 7.entry 8.ample9.storage 10.postpone鞏固提高二.翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)(共5小題;共5.0分)1.你應(yīng)該對(duì)你的行為負(fù)責(zé)。Youshould________________________________youraction.2.上課時(shí),你最好把老師講的課做記錄。Inclass,you'dbetter__________________________________whattheteachersaid.3.他已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了太多的困難。He_____________________________________toomanydifficulties.4.湯姆是由他的叔叔養(yǎng)大的。Tomwas_________________________byhisuncle.5.因?yàn)樘鞖馑麄儼堰\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下周。They________thesportsmeetinguntilnextweek_____________________________weather.Keys:1.beresponsiblefor 2.makenotesof3.hasgonethrough 4.broughtup 5.postponed;becauseof一.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?You_____________doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.don'thaveto B.oughtn'tto C. mustn't D.can’t()2.MyMP4playerisn'tinmybag.Where_____________Ihaveputit?A.would B.must C.should D.can()3.Haveyou_____________somenewideas?Yeah.I'lltellyoulater.A.comeabout B.comeacross C.comeupwith D.comeoutwith()4.Wouldyouplease_____________thisformformetoseeifI'vefilleditinright?A. takeoff B.lookafter C.giveup D.goover()5.Wehadwantedtofinishourtaskbynoon,butitdidn'tquite_____________asplanned.A.findout B.giveout C.handout D.workout()6.Inordertoraisethepriceofcertaingoods,somebusinessmenkeeptheminthestores_____________.A.inparticular B.onpurpose C.atstake D.bychance()7.There_____________anotherstatuethatusedtobeplacedinthecenterofthetown.A. are B.exists C.seems D.appears()8.It’sagoodidea.Butwho’sgoingto_____________theplan?IthinkTomandGregwill.A.setaside B.carryout C.takein D.getthrough()9.Itisreportedthattheconcerthasbeen_____________owingtotheperformers'disagreement.A.carriedout B.postponed C.performed D.achieved()10.It’sgoingtorain.XiaoFeng,willyoupleasehelpme_____________theclothesontheline?A.getoff B.getback C.getin D.geton()11.40.LittleJohnnyfeltthebag,curioustoknowwhatit__________________.A.collected B.contained C.loaded D.saved()12.Hecouldhardly__________________thisamountofworkinsuchashorttime.A.getthrough B.getoff C.getinto D.getdown()13.Theyoungestbrother,ratherthanhistwoelderbrothers,_____________forthewrongdoings.A.wastoanswer B.weretoanswer C.wasanswered D.weretobeanswered()14.Whencuttingtheclothformysuit,leaveenoughattheedgesto___________mygettingfatter.A.supplyfor B.providefor C.provideagainst D.providewith()15.Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsanda___________ofexercise.A.limit B.demand C.need D.lackKeys:1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.A 14.C15.D__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor_____________youlockyourselfoutoneday.A.eversince B.evenif C.soonafterD.incase()2.Today,we'lldiscussanumberofcases_____________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.as C.why D.where()3._____________hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.A.SinceB.Unless C.As D.Although()4._________________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed()5.Wefindthelake______________withlotsoftrees,cleanandattractive.A.surround B.surrounding C.surrounded D.tosurround()6.Ihave___________________allmypapersbutIstillcan'tfindmynotes.A.lookedthroughB.lookedforC.lookedafterD.lookedout()7.Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.sorry,withsomuchwork___________mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.filling C.tofillD.beingfilled()8.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork___________,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finished B.finishing C.havingfinished D.wasfinished()9.Somepassengerscomplainthatitusually____________solongtofillintravelinsurancedocuments.A.costs B.takes C.spends D.spares()10.PapermakingbeganinChinaandfromhereit_____________toNorthAfricaandEurope.A.spread B.grew C.carried D.developed()11.Thecitygovernmentdoesn’tallow_____________wildanimalsintheforest.A.tohunt B.hunting C.anyonehunted D.anyonehuntKeys:1.D解析:句意:把你的鑰匙留給你的鄰居,以防某天你把自己鎖在外面。incase"以防",符合句意。2.D解析:A項(xiàng)的which前面如果加上in也可以.C項(xiàng)不符題意.因?yàn)橹鲝木渲g根本就沒有因果關(guān)系.B項(xiàng)as不符題意.因?yàn)樽鳛殛P(guān)系代詞,它的作句子成分主語或賓語,實(shí)際上主從句主語、賓語成分具備.如果作為連接詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,主從句又沒有因果關(guān)系.D項(xiàng)where表示“在.地方”,在句中作用為關(guān)系副詞.3.D解析:since由于;unless除非;as當(dāng)……時(shí);因?yàn)椤?although雖然……,盡管……4.C解析:expose與one'sskin是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語。5.C解析:句子的邏輯主語lake與動(dòng)詞surround之間的關(guān)系為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,且句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞已存在所以要用非謂語動(dòng)詞,綜合可知要用surround的過去分詞形式。6.A解析:lookthrough瀏覽;仔細(xì)查看;lookfor尋找;lookafter照顧;lookout當(dāng)心,注意。根據(jù)題意知答案為A.7.B解析:在"with+復(fù)合賓語"結(jié)構(gòu)中,因?yàn)橘e語補(bǔ)足語表示的動(dòng)作是賓語正在發(fā)出的,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。8.A解析:"with+名詞+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)在本句中作原因狀語,相當(dāng)于hehadfinishedhiswork,所以選A.9.B解析:句意為"有些旅客抱怨說通常要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來填寫旅游保險(xiǎn)單"。spend,spare的主語應(yīng)是人;cost表花費(fèi),主語為物;take可由it作形式主語,表花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。10.A解析:句意為“造紙術(shù)起源于中國,并從中國傳到北非和歐洲”。spread傳播,擴(kuò)散;grow成長(zhǎng);carry搬運(yùn);develop發(fā)展;培養(yǎng);沖洗。11.B解析:allowdoingsth."允許做某事"。句意為"市政府不允許在森林中獵殺野生動(dòng)物"。選項(xiàng)D應(yīng)改為anyonetohunt.二.閱讀理解AItisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdon'twanttotakeithometoeat.Insomecases,releasingfishisagoodmeasurethatwillhelpkeepfishvarietyandbuildtheirpopulationsize.TheDepartmentofGameandInlandFisheries(DGIF)encouragesfishermenwhopracticecatch-and-releasefishingtouseafewsimpleskillswhendoingso.Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleasewillsurvivetobiteagainanotherday.—Whencatchingafish,playitquicklyandkeepthefishinthewaterasmuchaspossible.Don'tuseanetinlandingthefishandreleaseitquicklytopreventitfromdying.—Holdthefishgently.Donotputyourfingersinitseyes.Don’twipethescales(魚鱗)offthefishbecauseitmightcauseittodevelopadiseaseandreduceitschanceofsurvival.—Removeyourhook(魚鉤)quickly.Ifthehookistoodeeporhookedinthestomach,cutthelineandleavethehookin.Thehookleftinsidewillcausenoseriousproblemtothefish.—Takegoodcareofthefishbymovingitgentlyinwater.Releasethefishwhenitbeginstostruggleandisabletoswim.—Donotholdfishinabucketorsomeothercontainersandlaterdecidetoreleaseit.Ifyouaregoingtoreleaseafish,dosorightaway.Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethereleasedfishabetterchanceofsurvival.()1.PeoplesometimessetafishfreeaftercatchingitbecausetheyA.don’twantittodie B.hopeitwillgrowquicklyC.don’twanttohaveitasfood D.wanttopracticetheirfishingskills()2.Whichofthefollowingwillprobablymakeafishill?A.Takingthehookoffit. B.Removingitsscales.C.Touchingitseyes. D.Holdingitinyourhand.()3.Aproperwaytoreleaseafishisto.A.moveitinwatertillitcanswim B.takethehookoutofitsstomachC.keepitinabucketforsometime D.letitstrugglealittleinyourhand()4.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowhowtoenjoyfishing. B.Topersuadepeopletofishlessoften.C.Toencouragepeopletosetfishfree. D.Togiveadviceonhowtoreleasefish.Keys:1C 2.B 3.A 4.D BNelsonMandelaisrespectedandadmiredaroundtheworld.AndtoSouthAfricansheisasuperstar.Heisaherowhoshockedtheworldbyfightingforpeacebetweenraces,despitethe27yearshespentintheprisonoftheSouthAfrica'swhite,racistregime(政權(quán)).Mandelawhowonthenation'sfirstall-raceelectionsafterthefallofapartheid(種族隔離)in1994,retiredin2019.Butheremainsaspopularasever.Hispopularityhasinspiredanentirenationalindustry.Hisportrait(肖像)hasappearedatmanyplaces,includingonsomegoods.HisfacehasappearedonaSouthAfricancoin,ametropolitanareawasnamedinhishonorandsomebusinessleadershopetobuildamassive,rotatingstatueinhislikeness—theStatueofFreedom.ItwouldstandtallerthanNewYork’sStatueofLiberty.HispopularappealissimilartothatofJohnF.KennedywithUSorWinstonChurchillinBritain,butfewpoliticiansinthistimeshaveachievedhislevelofadmiration,saidTomLodge,headofthepoliticalsciencedepartmentoftheUniversityoftheWitwatersrand.“Sometimesitisn'tcompletelyappreciatedwhataskill
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