青島科技大學外國語學院《630基礎英語》歷年考研真題匯編合集

目錄2012年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題2011年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題2010年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題2009年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題2008年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題2007年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題2006年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題2005年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題

2012年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題青島科技大學二○一二年碩士研究生入學考試試題考試科目：基礎英語注意事項：1．本試卷共四道大題（共計60個小題），滿分150分；2．本卷屬試題卷，答題另有答題卷，答案一律寫在答題卷上，寫在該試題卷上或草紙上均無效。要注意試卷清潔，不要在試卷上涂劃；3．必須用藍、黑鋼筆或簽字筆答題，其它均無效。﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡PartIVocabularyandGrammar.Fillintheblankwiththewordorphrasethatyouthinkisthemostappropriatefromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.(30points)1.Themanagervowedtorevengethe______insultofhiscompetingcounterpartyesterday.A.calculatedB.outrageousC.intentionedD.selfish2.Almostanysolid______canbecalleddustifitislightenoughtofloatintheair.A.wasteB.spotC.MetalD.speck3.Weheardwolves______mournfullysomewherenearbyinthecompletedarknesswhenwecampedintheforestlastweekend.A.barkingB.roaringC.howlingD.growling4.Thesweaterheboughtlastweek______afterhewashedit.

A.shrankB.shortenedC.decreasedD.lessened5.Asaresultofsluggishbusiness,thebossofthecompanyisurginghisclerkstobe______withelectricity.A.economicsB.economicalC.stingyD.thrifty6.Theministerhastoprovideavery______explanationforthenewmedicalcarereform.A.compulsoryB.comprehensiveC.sophisticatedD.understanding7.Theyselltheirmilitaryequipmenttowhoeverneedsitwiththe______purposeofmakingprofit.A.onlyB.uniqueC.singularD.sole8.Noonebelievedthatsuchalittlegirlcould______thethingswellahead.A.reconcileB.suspectC.forsakeD.anticipate9.Tom’slecturewascarefuland______buthiswordsdidnotseemtomakemuchsense.A.distinctB.distinguishedC.distinguishableD.distinctive10.Themost______ofallOlympiceventsisthedecathlon(asportscompetitionwith10differentevents).A.creativeB.excitedC.gruesomeD.grueling11.Asit______theeffectsofhightemperatures,rheniumisavaluableingredientincertainalloys.A.resistsBwithholdsC.reducesD.discharges12.InancientChina,thunderwasbelievedtobeamanifestationofthe______ofthegods.

A.spiritB.powerC.wrathD.sorrow13.TheAfricanqualityofhismusicis______intheartthatpeopleofhisgenerationenjoyed.A.inbornB.ingrainedC.impregnatedD.included14.Iaminno______thiseveningtolistentohissillyjokes.A.feelingB.attitudeC.moodD.tendency15.Theyoungscientistbecameknownforhis______intothedistributionofthewildspeciesinthispartoftheregion.A.examinationB.expositionC.researchD.account16.AssoonasWorldWarIIended,Einsteinurgedthatatomicenergy______topeacefuluses.A.beputB.isputC.willbeputD.wouldbeput17.You______thewashing-up.Iwouldhavedoneitforyou.A.needn’thavedoneB.didn’tneedtohavedoneC.weren’ttoD.mustn’thavedone18.Theprofessorisverybusy______fortheexaminationnow.Pleasecomeagainatsomeothertime.A.preparingB.preparedC.beingpreparedD.toprepared19.Nexttimewegohouse-hunting,remember______theagentforverycleardirections.Iwastedhours______thelasthouse.A.toask;tolookforB.toask;lookingforC.asking;lookingforD.asking;tolookfor

20.Itisacommonexpressiontocharacterizesomethingas“l(fā)ightasair”,butairis______“l(fā)ight”.A.soB.ratherC.hardlyD.somewhat21.Thestoutfellowoverthereis______thegreatmagicianCharlieSteward,himself.A.nootherthanB.noneotherthanC.nootherthanD.noonebut22.Inthenewmovieshewore,______wasveryuncommoninthecountry,ascarletcoat.A.whatB.thatC.ofwhatD.the23.RobinsonCrusoewashungry______humancompanionship.A.forB.aboutC.ofD.with24.Amongallthestudentsinthisclass,Tonyisthequickestone______figures.A.toB.forC.inD.at25.I’mveryhopeful______passingthecourse.A.forB.aboutC.inD.on26.Hewaslaid______forsixweekswithtwobrokenribs.A.awayB.downC.byD.up27.Thepopulation______theirflagstocelebratethereturnoftheirvictoriousteam.A.hungoutB.hungtogetherC.hungbehindD.hungover28.Asacitizenitisimportantto______withyourneighbors.

A.keepinB.keepoffC.keepoutD.keepon29.Thegovernmenthas______newmeasurestocombatinflation.A.broughtinB.broughtaboutC.broughtonD.broughtup30.Theideaofabalanceddietisverydifficultto______toanyonewhoknowslittleaboutfoodvalues.A.putthroughB.putacrossC.takeinD.makeoverPartIIReadingComprehension(40points)Readthefollowingessaycarefully,andthen,answerthequestionsinSectionA,B,C,andD.HowtoAvoidFoolishOpinions1．Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmankindisprone,nosuperhumangeniusisrequired.Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyou,notfromallerrors,butfromsillyones.2．Ifthematterisonethatcanbesettledbyobservation,makeityourself.AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewerteeththanmenbysimplyaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.Hedidnotdosobecausehethoughtheknew.Thinkingthatyouknowwheninfactyoudon’tisafatalmistake,towhichweareallprone.Ibelievehedgehogseatblackbeetles,becauseIhavebeentoldthattheydo;butifIwerewritingabookonthehabitsofhedgehogs,Ishouldn’tcommitmyselfuntilIhadseenoneenjoyingthisunappetizingdiet.Aristotle,however,waslesscautious.Ancientandmedievalauthorsknewallaboutunicornsandsalamander;notoneofthemthoughtitnecessarytoavoiddogmaticstatementsaboutthembecausehehadneverseenoneofthem.3．Manymatters,however,arelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience.Ifyouhavepassionateconvictionsonmanysuchmatters,therearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownbias.Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignthatyouaresubconsciously

awareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.Ifsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefive,orthatIcelandisontheequator,youfeelpityratherthananger,unlessyouknowsolittleofarithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway.Persecutionisusedintheology,notinarithmetic,becauseinarithmeticthereisknowledge,butintheologythereisonlyopinion.Sowheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangryaboutadifferenceofopinion,beonguard;you’llprobablyfind,onexamination,thatyourbeliefisgoingbeyondwhattheevidencewarrants.4．Agoodwayofridingyourselfofcertainkindsofdogmatismistobecomeawareofopinionsheldinsocialcirclesdifferentfromyours.WhenIwasyoung,Ilivedmuchoutsidemyowncountry,andIfoundthisveryprofitableindiminishingtheintensityofinsularprejudice.Ifyoucan’ttravel,seekoutpeoplewithwhomyoudisagree,andreadanewspaperbelongingtoapartythatisnotyours.Ifthepeopleandthenewspaperseemmad,perverse,andwicked,remindyourselfthatyouseemsotothem.Inthisopinionbothpartiesmayberight,buttheycan’tbothbewrong.Thisreflectionshouldgenerateacertaincaution.5．Forthosewhohaveenoughpsychologicalimagination,itisagoodplantoimagineanargumentwithapersonhavingadifferentbias.Thishasoneadvantage:themethodisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsoftimeandspace.MahatmaGandhideploredrailwaysandsteamboatsandmachinery;hewouldhavelikedtoremovetheeffectofthewholeoftheindustrialrevolution.Youmayneverhaveanopportunityofactuallymeetinganyonewhoholdsthisopinion,becauseinWesterncountriesmostpeopletaketheadvantagesofmoderntechniqueforgranted.Butifyouwanttomakesureyouarerightinagreeingwiththeprevailingopinion,you’llfinditagoodplantotesttheargumentsthatoccurtoyoubyconsideringwhatGandhimighthavesaidinrefutationofthem.Ihavesometimesbeenledactuallytochangemymindasaresultofthiskindofimaginarydialogue,andshortofthis,Ihavefrequentlyfoundmyselfgrowinglessdogmaticandcocksurethroughrealizingthepossiblereasonablenessofahypotheticalopponent.6．Beverywaryofopinionsthatflatteryourself-esteem.Bothmenand

women,ninetimesoutoften,arefirmlyconvincedofthesuperiorexcellenceoftheirownsex.Thereisabundantevidenceonbothsides.Ifyouareaman,youcanpointoutthatmostpoetsandmenofsciencearemale;ifyouareawoman,youcanretortthatsoaremostcriminals.Thequestionisinherentlyinsoluble,butself-esteemconcealsthisfrommostpeople.Weareallpersuadedthatourownnationissuperiortoothers.Seeingthateachnationhasitcharacteristicmeritsanddemerits,weadjustourstandardofvaluessoastomakeoutthatthemeritspossessedbyournationarethereallyimportantones,whileitsdemeritsarecomparativelytrivial.Here,again,therationalmanwilladmitthatthequestionisonetowhichthereisnodemonstrablyrightanswer.Itismoredifficulttodealwiththeself-esteemofmanasman,becausewecannotargueoutthematterwithsomenon-human.TheonlywayIknowofdealingwiththisgeneralhumanconceitistoremindourselvesthatmanisabriefepisodeinthelifeofasmallplanetinalittlecorneroftheuniverse,andthatforaughtweknow,otherpartsofthecosmosmaycontainbeingsassuperiortoourselvesaswearetojelly-fish.SectionA.Answerthefollowingquestions.(15%)31.Thetitleofthisessayisanadaptationofaphasefromitsfirstparagraph.Isthereanyotherphraseinthefirstparagraphwhichcouldbeusedtomakeupagoodtitlefortheessay?Ifso,whatisit?32.Whatarethe“simplerules”whichtheauthorsuggestsinhisessay?Whataretheexamplesdoestheauthorusetoillustratehisrulesrespectively?33.What,intheauthor’sopinion,isthedifferencebetweenknowledgeandopinion?34.ThereisonestatementinPara.2whichisironical,i.e.itmeanstheoppositeofwhatitappears.Whatisthestatement?35.“Theauthor’smainpointisthatweshouldnotbelievestronglyinanything.”Isthiscorrect?Ifso,whydoyouagreewiththeauthor?Ifnot,howwouldyouchangethestatement?SectionB.Readtheshortextractgivenbelowandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthebestalternative(a,b,c,d)undereach.(10%)

“Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignthatyouaresubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.Ifsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefive,orthatIcelandisontheequator,youfeelpityratherthananger,unlessyouknowsolittleofarithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.”36.Thesecondsentence______(a)simplyaddsafurtherpointtotheargumentalreadystatedinthefirstsentence.(b)illustratesthepointmadeinthefirstsentence.(c)buildsuptheargumentofthefirstsentencebyrestatingitfromtheoppositepointofview.(d)makesthemainpointwhichhasonlybeenintroducedbythefirstsentence.37.Ifsomeoneelse’sopinionmakesusangry,itmeansthat______(a)ourownopinionisnotbasedongoodreasonsandweknowthissubconsciously.’(b)wearenotconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforbecomingangry.(c)wearesubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforbecomingangry.(d)theremaybegoodreasonsforhisopinionbutwearenotconsciouslyawareofthem.38.Theauthormentionsarithmeticandgeographybecause______(a)weshouldknowbothsubjectsinordertoavoidfoolishopinions.(b)manyfoolishopinionsandunnecessaryargumentsoccurinthosetwo

subjects.(c)thetwoopinionshehasmentionedalreadyhavetodowiththosesubjects.(d)hehimselfisveryknowledgeableaboutthosetwosubjects.39．“…yourowncontraryconviction”refersto______(a)theopinionthattwoandtwoarefiveandthatIcelandisontheequator.(b)thefactthatyouknowsolittleaboutarithmeticorgeography.(c)thefactthatyoufeelpityratherthananger.(d)theopinionthattwoandtwoarefourandthatIcelandisalongwayfromtheequator.40.Themainpointofthesetwosentencesis______(a)thatweshouldfeelpityratherthanangerwhensomeonedisagreewithus.(b)thatweshouldn’tbeangrywithpeoplewhoholdfoolishopinions.(c)thatonewayofavoidingfoolishopinionsistofeelpityratherthananger.(d)thatwecantestourownopinionbyfindingoutwhetherwefeelpityorangerwhensomeonedisagreeswithus.SectionC.Findsinglewordsorphrasesinthisessaywhichhaveroughlythemeaningsgivenbelow.(10%)41.consciousof42.narrow-minded43.regrettedtheexistenceof44.goodopinionofoneself

45.endingindeathordisaster46.makingyourselffreefrom47.prejudice48.thinkingtoohighlyofoneself49.unreasonable;wrong50.feelunhappyabout;dislikeSectionD.MatchthewordsgivenunderListAwiththemeaningsgivenunderListB.ListBhassomeextraitems.(5%)AB51.inherently(a)fierce;cruel52.episode(b)quitecertain53.retort(c)answerbackquickly54.cosmos(d)inside55.persecution(e)fashionable56.savage(f)unreasonablepunishment57.cocksure(g)instinctively58.prevailing(h)oneeventinaseriesofevents59.subconsciously(i)careful60.wary(j)goingtoacourtoflaw(k)byitsverynature(l)power;snow

(m)universePartIIITranslation(50points)SectionA.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(25%)筆者日前買了臺電腦，喜滋滋地上網(wǎng)交友。誰知打開電腦映入眼簾的不少是難以入目的低級趣味和無所顧忌的調(diào)侃，令我大失所望。網(wǎng)上交友是通訊技術的進步，縮短了人與人情感交流的空間，但決非是低級趣味沉渣泛濫的空間。雖然作者大多是用化名，但靈魂的空虛和彷徨卻暴露無遺。時下，網(wǎng)上交友大多是青少年，有關方面應當站崗放哨，給網(wǎng)友一個晴朗的空間。不妨開展一些諸如網(wǎng)上格言正文、評比之類的活動，用高尚的情感、雅俗共賞的文筆、幽默活潑的文風，陶冶網(wǎng)友的情操，沐浴精神文明的陽光雨露。SectionB.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(25%)BenjaminFranklin,morethan200yearsago,notedinaPoorRichard’sAlmanac,“theusedskyisalwaysbright”.Thishomelysaying,itseemstome,applieswithrelevancetotheplaceofeducationintoday’sworlD．Itistheskytoameaningfullife.Anditspossessorfindsthatwithcontinuinguse,itisakey,whichhewillkeepbrightforallofhisdays.Thebrightkeyofeducationisofsurpassingimportanceinallactivitiesofoursociety.Business,asegmentatonetimenotcharacterizedbyahighintellectuallevel,nowavidlyseekseducatedpeople.Asneverbefore,ourcomplexindustriesdependuponthemforcontinuinggrowthandprogress.PartIVWriting(30points)Friendshipisgenerallyregardedasoneofthemostimportanthumanrelationshipsinone’slife.Pleasewriteanarticleofapproximately300wordsonthisissue.Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyouaresupposedtopresentyourstatement,followedbyyoursupportwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoubringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionwithasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

2011年青島科技大學630基礎英語考研真題青島科技大學二○一一年碩士研究生入學考試試題考試科目：基礎英語注意事項：1．本試卷共4道大題（共計73個小題），滿分150分；2．本卷屬試題卷，答題另有答題卷，答案一律寫在答題卷上，寫在該試題卷上或草紙上均無效。要注意試卷清潔，不要在試卷上涂劃；3．必須用藍、黑鋼筆或簽字筆答題，其它均無效。﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡PartIVocabularyandGrammar(30points)1.Whenhe______allthenewspapers,he’llgohome.A．sellB．hassoldC．willhavesoldD．willbesold2.Themachinestartsthemomentthebutton______.A．willbepressedB．ispressedC．haspressedD．hasbeenpressed3.Nowthatyou______,whatareyougoingtodo?A．returnB．a(chǎn)rereturningC．havereturnedD．returned4.IhadhopedMr.Smith______meanearlyreply.A．wouldgiveB．gaveC．togiveD．giving5.Pleasebesuretocallmethenexttimeyou______.A．willcomeB．wouldcomeC．comeD．shallcome

6.Hewentonfoot,buthe______bybus.A．shouldgoB．couldhavegoneC．oughthavegoneD．couldbegone7．“Timeisrunningout,______?”A．hadn’twebettergotstartB．hadn’twebettergetstartC．hadn’twebettergetstartedD．hadn’twebettergotstarted8.Wereitnotforthedebts,we______allright.A．wouldbeB．wouldhavebeenC．wereD．a(chǎn)re9.WhenJoycewastoldthewholestory,she______inthefilm.A．ceasedinterestB．ceasedbeinginterestedC．ceasedinterestedD．ceasedtointerest10.Weoftenhearaboutairplanes______becauseoftechnicalfaults.A．delayingB．beingdelayedC．bedelayedD．tobedelayed11.Revolutionmeans______theproductiveforces.A．toliberateB．liberateC．liberatedD．liberating12.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilk______over?A．boilingB．boiledC．toboilD．beingboiled13.Aphonecallsenthim______tothehospital.A．hurryB．hurryingC．tohurryD．hurried14.Theywantthepowerstation______assoonaspossible.A．tosetupB．tobesetupC．beingsetupD．tohavebeensetup

15.Once______oxygen,thebraindies.A．deprivedofB．deprivingofC．havingdeprivedofD．deprived16.Everymeans______triedbutwithoutmuchresult.A．hasbeenB．havebeenC．a(chǎn)reD．is17.Theyounginspirit______thevitalforcesinoursociety.A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．hasbeenD．havebeen18.Rarely______suchasillything.A．haveIheardofB．IhavebeenheardofC．haveIbeenheardofD．Ihaveheardof19.Heknowslittleofmathematics,______ofchemistry.A.aswellasB．a(chǎn)ndstilllessC．nolessthanD．a(chǎn)ndstillmore20.Fiveminutesearlier,______wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.A．orB．butC．a(chǎn)ndD．so21.HeworkstoohardThatis______iswrongwithhim.A．thatwhichB．thatwhatC．whatD．thethingthat22.ScarcelywasGeorgeWashingtoninhisteens______hisfatherdieD．A．thanB．a(chǎn)sC．whileD．when23.Electricitypoweristransmittedfrompowerplanttoplaces______.a.thatitisneededB．towhichitisneededC．whereitisneededD．whenitisneeded

24.Thatterriblenoiseis______memaD．A．puttingB．settingC．drivingD．turning25.Alltheroomshave______carpets,whichareincludedinthepriceofthehouse.A．a(chǎn)daptedB．designedC．equippedD．fitted26.Isthisagoodcamera?Canittakecolor______?A．portraitsB．filmshowsC．picturesD．paintings27.Hisadvicetowearwhiteclothesinahot,sunnyclimatewasfollowed.This______helpedpeopletobecooler.a.demandB．recommendationC．inventionD．request28.Ijusthaveafewhousehold______tocopewithandthenI’llbefreetocomeoutwithyou.A．a(chǎn)ssignmentsB．chargesC．choresD．errands29.Hisbreakingoftherulessetadangerous______.A．customB．precedentC．practiceD．usage30.Theyhaddugoutanicecavetoprovide______forthenight.A．safetyB．refugeC．retreatD．shelterPartIIReadingComprehension(40points)ReadthearticlecarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollowinSectionA,B,C,andD.CIVILIZATION&HISTORY

1Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,orlaunchedaseaworthyboat,orcalculatedthelengthoftheyear,ormanuredafield,butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinkagreatdealofthem,somuchsothatonallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthefigureoftheconquerororageneralorasoldier.AndIthinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilizeD．Animalsfight;sodosavages;hencetobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewayinwhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilizeD．Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficientlythis,afterall,iswhatconquerorsandgeneralshavedoneisnotbeingcivilizeD．Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthatsidewhichhaskilledmosthaswon.Andnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.2Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledormutilateD．Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopledonotfightandkilleachotherinthestreetswhile,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylifenationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.3Butwemustnotexpecttoomuch.Afterall,theraceofmenhasonlyjuststarteD．Fromthepointofviewofevolution,humanbeingsareveryyoungchildrenindeed,babies,infact,ofafewmonthsolD．Scientistsreckonthattherehasbeenlifeofsomesortontheearthintheformofjelly-fishandthatkindofcreatureforabouttwelvehundredmillionyears;buttherehavebeenmenforonlyonemillionyears,andtherehavebeencivilizedmenforabouteightthousandyearsattheoutside.Thesefiguresaredifficulttograsp;solet

usscalethemdown.Supposethatwereckonthewholepastoflivingcreaturesontheearthasonehundredyears;thenthewholepastofmanworksoutataboutonemonth,andduringthatmonththerehavebeencivilizationsforbetweensevenandeighthours.Soyouseetherehasbeenlittletimetolearnin,buttherewillbeoceansoftimeinwhichtolearnbetter.Takingman’scivilizedpastataboutsevenoreighthours,wemayestimatehisfuture,thatistosay,thewholeperiodbetweennowandwhenthesungrowstoocoldtomaintainlifeanylongerontheearth,ataboutonehundredthousandyears.Thusmankindisonlyatthebeginningofitscivilizedlife,andasIsay,wemustnotexpecttoomuch.Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness,abusinessoffightingandbullyingandgorgingandgrabbingandhurting.Wemustnotexpectevencivilizedpeoplesnottohavedonethesethings.Allwecanaskisthattheywillsometimeshavedonesomethingelse.SectionAAnswerthefollowingquestions.31.．Thisessaycanbedividedintotwomainparts,althoughithasthreeparagraphs.Wheredoyouthinkthesecondpartbeginsatthebeginningofthesecondparagraphorofthethird?32.．Whichofthefollowingsentencesgivesthebestsummaryofthefirstpart?(a)Someofthepeoplewhohelpedcivilizationforwardarenotmentionedatallinhistorybooks.(b)Conquerorsandgeneralshavebeenourmostfamousmen,buttheydidnothelpcivilizationforward.(c)Itistruethatpeopletodaydonotfightorkillpeopleinthestreets.33.．Whichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesthesecondpartoftheessay?(a)Inordertounderstandthelongperiodsofhistory,wehavetoscalethem

downtoshorterperiods.(b)Thepastofmanhasbeenonthewholeaprettybeastlybusiness.(c)Mankindisonlyatthebeginningofcivilizedlife;sowemustexpectagreatdealofcivilizationatthisstage.34.Whattheexamplesdoestheauthorgiveofpeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforward?35.Inwhatwayaregreatsoldierssimilartoanimals?36.Arepeopletodaymorecivilizedinanywaythaninthepast?Ifso,inwhatway?37.Whatweretheearliestformsoflifeonthisearth?38.Whenwilltherebenolifeonthisearth,accordingtotheauthor?39.Theword‘figure’isbothusedinthefirstparagraphandinthethirD．Doesithavethesamemeaninginbothplaces?Ifnot,whatareitstwodifferentmeanings?40.Istheauthorhopefulaboutthefigureofcivilization?Howdoyouknow?SectionBAnswerthequestionsbychoosingthebestalternative(a,b,c,d)undereach.41.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorsaysthat______.(a)mosthistorybookswerewrittenbyconquerors,generalandsoldiers.(b)noonewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardismentionedinanyhistorybooks.(c)historybookstellusfarmoreaboutconquerorsandsoldiersthanaboutthose

whohelpedcivilizationforward.(d)conquerors,generalsandsoldiersshouldnotbementionedinhistorybooks.42.Onallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworld,wefind_______.(a)thefigureofthesameconquerororgeneralorsoldier.(b)thefigureofsomeconquerororgeneralorsoldier.(c)afigurerepresentingthenumberofconquerors,generalsandsoldiersinthatcountry.(d)thefigureofapersonwhohelpedcivilizationforward.43.Mostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesare_______.(a)thosethatbuiltthehighestpillars.(b)thosethatwerebeateninbattlebythegreatestnumberofothercountries.(c)thosethatwereruledbythegreatestnumberofconquerors.(d)thosethatwongreatestnumberofbattlesagainstothercountries.44.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecountriesthatruledalargenumberofothercountriesare_______.(a)certainlynotthegreatestinanyway.(b)neitherthegreatestnotthemostcivilized(c)possiblythemostcivilizedbutnotthegreatest.(d)possiblythegreatestinsomesensebutnotthemostcivilized.45.Theauthorsaysthatcivilizedpeople_______.

(a)shouldnothaveanyquarrelstosettle.(b)shouldnotfightwhentherearenoquarrelstosettle.(c)shouldsettletheirquarrelswithoutfighting.(d)shouldsettletheirquarrelsbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside.46.‘Thatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;itmeanssayingthatmightisright.’Themeaningofthissentenceisthat_______.(a)thosewhofightbelievethatthewinnerisrightandtheloserwrong.(b)onlythosewhoarepowerfulshouldgotowar.(c)thosewhoarerightshouldfightagainstthosewhoarewrong.(d)inawaronlythosewhoarepowerfulwillwin.47.‘Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory.’Theauthorsaysthisinordertoshowthatourownageis_______.(a)differentfromthoseofthepast.(b)notmuchbetterthanthoseofthepast.(c)muchbetterthanthoseofthepast.(d)notsocivilizedasthoseofthepast.48.‘Fromthepointofviewofevolution,humanbeingsareveryyoungchildrenindeed.’Theauthorsaysthisinordertoshowthat_______.(a)veryyoungchildrenarenotcivilizeD．(b)evolutiondoesnothelpcivilizationforward.(c)humanbeingshavelearntverylittleinaverylongtime.

(d)humanbeingsarestillatthebeginningoftheirlifeonthisearth.49.Thescalewhichtheauthoruses