直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)省賽課微課金獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）第1頁(yè)

直接引述他人原話，叫直接引語(yǔ)。用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述他人話，叫間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下組成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)普通前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)。比如：MrBlacksaid,“I’mbusy.”

布萊克先生說(shuō)：“我很忙。”（直接引語(yǔ)）MrBlacksaidthathe

wasbusy.布萊克先生說(shuō)他很忙。（間接引語(yǔ)）第2頁(yè)1

陳說(shuō)句（Statements）直接引語(yǔ)假如是陳說(shuō)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省略），從句中人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作響應(yīng)改變。在這首先，漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)有許多相同之處，所以在做直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)時(shí)，要尤其注意句子意義。第3頁(yè)人稱改變(1)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthathe

likeditverymuch.（2）Hesaidtome,“Ibroke

yourCDplayer.”→Hetoldmethathe

hadbrokenmyCDplayer.第4頁(yè)2)時(shí)態(tài)改變普通現(xiàn)在時(shí)→普通過(guò)去時(shí)

Hesaid,”I’mafraidI

can’tfinishedthework.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecould’tfinishedthework.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Hesaid,“I’musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)Shesaid,“I’venotheard

fromhimsinceMay.”Shesaidthatshe

hadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.第5頁(yè)普通過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)Hesaid,“I

cametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathe

hadcome

tohelpme.過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變

Hesaid,“Ihadfinshedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathe

hadfinshed

hishomeworkbeforesupper.普通未來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去未來(lái)時(shí)Shesaid,“I’lldoitafterclass.”Shesaidthatshewould

doitafterclass.第6頁(yè)3)指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞改變

this→that（這個(gè)→那個(gè)）

Shesaid,“I’llfinshtheworkthismorning.”Shesaidthatshewouldfinshtheworkthatmorning.

these→those（這些→那些）

Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.

now→then（這時(shí)→那時(shí)）

Hesaid,“It’snineo’clocknow.”Hesaidthatitwasnineo’clockthen.

第7頁(yè)today→thatday（今天→那天）

Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.

yesterday→thedaybefore（昨天→前一天）

Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.第8頁(yè)tomorrow→thenext/followingday（明天→第二天）Shesaid,“I’llgotheretomorrow.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.ago→before（以前）Shesaid,“Heleft30minutes

ago.”Shetoldmethathehadleft30minutes

before.第9頁(yè)here→there（這里→那里）Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereoneweekago.”Hesaidthathissisterhadbeenthereoneweekbefore.come→go（來(lái)→去）Shesaid,“I’llcomeherethisevening.”Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.第10頁(yè)2疑問(wèn)句（Questions）直接引語(yǔ)假如是疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序改為陳說(shuō)句語(yǔ)序（主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)前面），句末用逗號(hào)，主語(yǔ)人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)等也要作對(duì)應(yīng)改變。第11頁(yè)普通疑問(wèn)句：直接引語(yǔ)假如是普通疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked。沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)，能夠加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)（me,him或us等）。如：Heasked,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”Heasked(me)ifIwasinterestedinEnglish.Hesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”Heasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.

第12頁(yè)特殊疑問(wèn)句：直接引語(yǔ)假如是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。而且變疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愓f(shuō)語(yǔ)序，改問(wèn)號(hào)為句號(hào)。引述動(dòng)詞慣用ask,wanttoknow,wonder等。如：“WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedmeHeasked(me)what

he

coulddoforme.第13頁(yè)Heasked,“Where

doesshelive?”Heasked

where

shelived.Maryaskedhim,“Why

doyoualwayscomesolate?”Marywantedtoknow

why

healwayscameso

late.第14頁(yè)注意：以ShallI/we或Will/Would/Could開頭疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往要依據(jù)意思靈活轉(zhuǎn)述。表示請(qǐng)求、勸說(shuō)時(shí)，慣用“ask+賓語(yǔ)+不定式”，即：asksb.todosth.表示提出幫助時(shí)，慣用“offer+不定式”，即：offertodosth.e.g.“Willyouhelpmewithmyhomework?”heaskedRichard.HeaskedRichardto

helphimwithhishomework.“ShallIbringyousometea?”heaskedme.Heofferedto

bringmesometea.第15頁(yè)3祈使句（Imperatives）

轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要將祈使句動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o不定式，并在不定式前面依據(jù)句子意思加上tell,ask,order等動(dòng)詞，假如祈使句為否定式，在不定式前面加not。即：tell/ask/ordersb.(not)todosth.比如：

Shesaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”Sheaskedustositdown.。

Hesaidtohim,“Goaway!”Heorderedhimtogoaway.第16頁(yè)Mothersaidtome,“Comebackbefore10:00.”Mothertoldmetocomebackbefore10:00.Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.第17頁(yè)注意：（1）直接引語(yǔ)假如是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.“