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廣東省清遠(yuǎn)市恒大足球?qū)W校2024屆高三最后一模英語(yǔ)試題請(qǐng)考生注意:1.請(qǐng)用2B鉛筆將選擇題答案涂填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上,請(qǐng)用0.5毫米及以上黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將主觀題的答案寫(xiě)在答題紙相應(yīng)的答題區(qū)內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙上均無(wú)效。2.答題前,認(rèn)真閱讀答題紙上的《注意事項(xiàng)》,按規(guī)定答題。第一部分(共20小題,每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分)1.SallywasexcitedtomeetSusanatthepartylastnight.They_____eachothersincetheygraduatedfromOxfordUniversityin2010.A.haven’tseen B.hadn’tseenC.didn’tsee D.don’tsee2.Itwasintheremotemountainareas______Ispentthegapyear______Ilearnedhowtoworkwithagroupofstrangersandhowtolookaftermyself.A.where;that B.when;thatC.where;when D.that;where3.Theyfelt________itwashightaxandlowincome________contributedtotheextrememiseryoftheworkingpeopleatthebottomoftheladder.A./;that B.that;whichC.that;what D./;which4.DorisLessing,anauthorwhohashadafascinatinglife,livedinIran_______shewasfivebeforemovingtoZimbabwe.A.unless B.sinceC.until D.a(chǎn)fter5.Speakingaforeignlanguageallowsyouto________timeinanegotiation,foryoucanactlikeyouhavenotunderstoodtocomeupwithyouranswer.A.save B.a(chǎn)fford C.buy D.spend6.—IspendtwoweeksinBeijinglastyear.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheGreatWallduringyourstay,________you?A.mustn’t B.didn’tC.haven’t D.hadn’t7.Thevillageevolvedintoamajore-commercecenter,and_____thepast,thevillagersowedtheirsuccesstothereformandopening-uppolicy.A.reviewedB.reviewingC.toreviewD.beingreviewed8.Encourageyourchildrentotrynewthings,buttrynotto_________________themtoohard.A.draw B.strikeC.rush D.push9.---Wewantsomeonetodesignthenewartmuseumforme.---_____theyoungfellowhaveatry?A.Shall B.May C.Will D.Need10.________youhaveseenheispoor,youshouldunderstandwhyhehastotakeuptwopart-timejobs.A.Aslongas B.UnlessC.Nowthat D.While11.Differenttastesamongtouristsfromoutsidethemainland________thelistofthecountry'sattractions.A.top B.shape C.lead D.show12.Neverturndownajobbecauseyouthinkit’stoosmall.Youdon’tknow_____itcanlead.A.howB.whereC.whetherD.what13.WhitneyHouston’ssuddendeathsuggeststhatdrugabuseissuchaseriousproblem________weshoulddealwithitappropriately.A.a(chǎn)s B.that C.which D.where14.Thetwobrotherslooksomuchalikethatitisdifficultto______.A.tellthemfrom B.tellfromthemC.tellapartthem D.tellthemapart15.___thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity’sgassupplysystemthoroughly.A.ToensureB.EnsuringC.HavingensuredD.Tohaveensured16.Weclimbeduptothetopofahill,___________wegotagoodviewofthewholeforestpark.A.which B.whereC.when D.that17.Theydon’tfeelsafeinourtownatnightbecauseitsodangerous.There’sarobberyeveryweeknow.A.becomes B.became C.hasbecome D.hadbecome18.NotuntilIwentupfurther________thatunderthetree________,obviouslysoundasleep.A.thatIsaw;didaboylie B.Isaw;layaboyC.didIsee;didaboylie D.didIsee;layaboy19.—Doyoufeellikegoingtothecinematonight?—Sorry,I’msotired.I____anearlynight.A.have B.a(chǎn)mhaving C.havehad D.had20.Thecustomsofficerswereinsistingthatsuitcasesshouldbeopenedandtheircontents_______forcloserinspection.A.laidout B.givenout C.sentout D.pickedout第二部分閱讀理解(滿(mǎn)分40分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21.(6分)InspiringArchaeologicalStudyToursacrosstheWorldin2017…AnArchaeologicalToursgetawayisanarchaeologylover’svacationlikenoother.Wehaveanexcitingselectionoftoursdepartingin2017withunsurpassedservice.Here’sasmallselectionofwhatwehavetooffer.Alsoacodeforyou:Neverallow(Jogstorunfree-lytheretokeeptheplantsandanimalsliveinpeaceandgetridofrubbishproperly.Becarefultoburyyourtoiletwasteandkeeptothedesignedtracks.Guatemala&BelizeCoonthetrailofMesoamericancivilizationsinthelushforests,ruggedfoothills(丘陵地帶),andmoderncitiesofthesefascinatingsitesincentralAmerica.January6-20,2017l$6,495Ghana,Togo&BeninWitnessthemeetingofthrivingtraditions,ancientpast,andforward-lookingpresentinincomparableWestAfrica.February7-22,20171$7,495AncientEgyptFromthepyramidsofGizatotheValleysoftheKingsandQueens,discovertheglorioussplendorsofancientEgypt.February&November2017l$5,995CentralMexicoFollowtheancientcivilizationsoftheToltec,Aztec,Zapotec,OlmecandMixtecacrossthecentreofmagnificentMexicoinNorthAmerica.March11-24,2017l$5,795IranDiscoverthebeautyandmajestyofIran’slong-passedempires,earlymodemdynasties,andtimelessscenery.April,September&October2017l$7,995Malta,Sardinia&CorsicaExplorethecharacteristicgeologicalenvironmentsanduniqueculturalandpoliticalhistoriesofthesethreeislandsinSouthEurope.April19-May4,20171$7,49569、Accordingtothetravelleaflet,visitorsshouldtour________.A.withcalmnessandcuriosityB.withself-defenceandhonourC.withconventionandreligionD.withself-disciplineandprotection1、TomiskeenonearlymoderndynastywhilehiswifeenjoysAfricatraditions.Whichplacesaretheirbestchoices?A.AncientEgyptandCentralMexico.B.Guatemala,BelizeandIran.C.Ghana,Benin,TogaandIran.D.Malta,SardiniaandCorsica.22.(8分)TakeatriptooneofLondon'sthemeparksforanadrenaline-packeddayout.Fromthrillingridesthroughhistory,towildanimals-bothmythicalandreal-London'sthemeparksoffergreatentertainmentforfamiliesandgroups.UnlikemostLondonattractions,someamusementparksaren'tincentralLondon,butareeasilyreachedbytrain,coachorcar.ChessingtonWorldofAdventuresWhetherit'sadrenaline-pumpingrides,wildanimalsorunderwateradventuresyou'reafter,Chessingtondelivers.Therearethreemainsections:theThemeParkhas10themedlandswithmorethan40ridesandattractionsincludingrollercoasters,dodgemsandridessuitableforyoungerchildren.ChessingtonZoohouses1,000animalsincludingtigers,lions,giraffes,penguinsandapettingzoo.Shrek’sAdventureBoardtheDreamworks.TourBusfora4DexperiencewithcheekyDonkeyasyourguide.You'llbetakenthrough10live,fairy-tale-themedshowsincludingShrek'sSwampandamirrormaze(迷宮).Suitableforallages,butparticularlythoseaged6to12yearsold.LondonDungeonTakeascarybuthumorous90-minutejourneythrough1,000yearsofLondon'shistoryattheever-popularLondonDungeon.Thereare18interactiveshowswith20livetheatreactorsandtworidestoguideyouthroughthecity'smurkypast.WalktheWhitechapelMazewithJacktheRipper,visitamedievaltorturechamber,andbecarefulnottoloseyourheadonTheTyrantboatridewithKingHenryVⅢ!KidZaniaSetyourimaginationfreeatKidZaniaatWestfieldLondon–thenewrole–playingparkforchildrenthat’stakingtheworldbystorm.Achild-sizecitycompletewithshopsandlocationsincludingafirestation,abankandatheatrestagewherechildrencanrole-playaround60differentjobsandprofessions,KidZaniaaimstoteachlifeskillssuchasfinancialliteracy,teamworkandindependence.1、600.Ifvistorswanttoenjoytheexcitementofrollercoasters,theycangoto________.A.KidZaniaB.Shrek’sAdventureC.LondonDungeonD.ChessingtonWorldofAdventures2、602.WhomightbemostlikelyinterestedinLondonDungeon?A.Studentsstudyinghistory.B.Underwateradventurers.C.Policeofficers.D.Animallovers.3、604.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencetextbook.B.Anewsreport.C.Atravelguidebook.D.Ageographymagazine.23.(8分)Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperception(感知)ofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualclues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdisparity(新舊研究的差異)suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol."Hungerisn'tcontrolledindividuallybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal,"Brunstromsays."Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought."Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame380-caloriemilkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones(荷爾蒙),dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.1、Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?A.Howwefeelthefoodweeat.B.Whenweeatourmeals.C.Whatelementthefoodcontains.D.Howfastweeatourmeals.2、Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?A.Youwouldprobablybemoreparticularaboutfood.B.Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.C.Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.D.Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.3、Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?A.Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.B.Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.C.Hungerlevelsdependonone'sconsumptionofcalories.D.Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.4、WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?A.Trickourselvesintoeatingless.B.Choosefoodwithfewercalories.C.Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.D.Pickdishesoftherightsize.5、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.B.Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.C.Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.D.Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.24.(8分)ScientistsaretryingtosavePuertoRico’sendangeredAmazonparrotsafterHurricaneMariadestroyedthebirds’habitatsandfoodsources(來(lái)源).ElYunqueisalargenationalforestontheeasternpartofPuertoRico.Justtwoofthe56wildparrotsthatoncelivedtheresurvivedMaria,theCategory-4stormthatstruckPuertoRicoinSeptember2017.Scientistsreportotherforestshaveseengreatdropsinparrotpopulationsaswell.Inthe1800s,thereweremorethanamillionofthebrightgreenparrotslivinginthewildinPuertoRico.Bythe1970s,thenumberwasdowntojust13birdsafteryearsofforestclearing.Aspecialprogramwasstartedin1972tohelpincreasetheparrotpopulation,whichledtothecreationofthreebreeding(繁殖)centers.JustweeksbeforeHurricaneMariahit,scientistscounted56wildparrotsatElYunque.Thatwasthehighestnumberintheprogram’shistory.Scientistssaythateventhoughseveralparrotshavebeenbornincaptivity(籠養(yǎng))andinthewildsinceMaria,thespeciesisstillindanger.ThePuertoRicanAmazonistheisland’sonlyremainingnativeparrot.Morethan460ofthebirdsarekeptinsidethebreedingcentersatElYunqueandtheRioAbajoforest.Scientistshavenotreleased(釋放)anyofthebirdssinceHurricaneMaria.Athirdbreedingcenter,inaforestinthewesternareaofMaricao,hasnotbeeninoperationsincethestorm.Scientistsareconsideringwhethertocatchsomeoftheremainingwildparrotsandputtheminthesamecageasthebirdsthataresettobereleased.Thisway,thecaptivebirdscanlearnfromthewildbirdshowtosurviveintheforests.AnotherconsiderationistoreleasesomecaptiveparrotsinMaricao,whichwasnotasheavilydamagedbyMaria.1、Whyhastheparrotpopulationgreatlydecreasedinthepast200years?A.BecauseofHurricaneMaria.B.Becauseoftoomuchhunting.C.Becauseofthelossofforests.D.Becauseoflackofbreedingcenters.2、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutHurricaneMaria?A.Itkilled56wildparrotsatElYunque.B.Itgreatlyaffectedparrotsincaptivity.C.Itreducedthenumberofwildparrots.D.Itledtothecreationofthreebreedingcenters.3、WhatcanweinferaboutAmazonparrotsincaptivity?A.Theyhavethehighestnumberinthehistory.B.TheyhavebeenreleasedsinceHurricaneMaria.C.Theyareusedtolivinginthewild.D.Theyarelargerinnumberthanthoseinthewild.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientistsWorktoSavePuertoRicanParrots.B.AmazonParrotsareinDangerofDisappearing.C.ASpecialProgramHelpsIncreasetheParrotPopulation.D.HurricaneMariaReducedtheNumberofAmazonParrots.25.(10分)Dubaihasbecomeoneofthetopdestinationsfortourists.It'sconsideredasthetourismcentreintheregion.YouwillfindeverythingyoucanexpectinDubairangingfromdesertstobeautifullybuiltmalls.PeoplefromaroundtheworldvisitDubaiforenjoyingitswonders.IfyouareinDubai,avoiddrivingyourself.Therearevariousreasonsforthis.Firstly,Dubaihasstrictlawsandifyouhaven'tadrivinglicenseyoumightbeupthecreek.Secondly,Dubaiisconsideredasoneofthemostdangerousdrivingplacesbecauseithasthehighestdeathratesonroadspercapitaintheworld.Thirdly,youmightbeunawareofdestinations.So,avoiddrivingyourselfasmuchaspossibleandtrytousepublictransportsliketaxis,busesandmetrotrains.Gulfishotandthetemperaturethereoftenreachesabove60celsiusdegreeespeciallyfromApriltoOctober,So,ifyouareplanningtovisitDubai,youhadbetteravoidmonthsofextremehotnessandplanyourtripinwintersoyoucanfullyenjoythewondersofDubaiwithoutgettingworriedaboutweatherconditions.Therearedifferenttypesofhotelsrangingfromcheaptomoreexpensiveones.So,selectoneaccordingtoyourtripbudget.However,makesureyourhotelisnotevenclosetoaconstructionsite.ThisisbecauseconstructioninDubaiisbeingcarriedout24hoursnon-stopandifyouchooseahotelnearsuchasiteyoumightbeintroublebecauseofconstructionnoise.Therefore,alwaysbookaroomawayfromsuchtrouble-makingplaces.Inshort,formakingyourtripstoDubaipleasant,youshouldalwayspreparebeforehand—selectthewinterweatherandbookahotelthat’snotclosetonoisyplaces.Youshouldalsotrytoavoidthethingsthatmightcreatetroubleifyoulikedrivingbyyourownwithoutadrivinglicenseandwithoutknowingthedestination.1、Inthesecondparagraph,theauthormainlytendstotellusthat.A.peoplehadbetternotdrivethemselvesinDubaiB.thetrafficlawsinDubaiareverystrictC.it'simporttohaveadrivinglicenseD.thepublictransportsinDubaiaregoodenough2、Theunderlinedwords“upthecreek”inthesecondparagraphcanbereplaceby.A.inuseB.introubleC.intrainingD.intune3、ThebestseasontovisitDubaiisin.A.springB.summerC.a(chǎn)utumnD.winter4、Whyisitterribleifyourhotelisclosetoaconstructionsite?A.Becauseitwon'tbesafe.B.Becauseyouwon'thaveagoodrest.C.Becauseitwillcostyoulotsofmoney.D.Becauseitwillbetoofarfromthecenterofthecity.第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)(每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).26.(30分)IwasreallynervousthisyearbecauseIwasinanewclass.It1methatIdidn'tknowanyoneintheclass,But2Ididn'tknowanyone.Ihadthe3todosomethingIlove-peoplewatching.Thegirlsittingbehindmewasalwayslaughingandtalkinghappily.Shewasoneoftheveryfewpeoplewhomadeany4toacknowledgeme.Attheendoftheyear,wewere5todoabigopen-endedprojectwherethe6werebasicallytoreadsomething,thenwatchsomethingrelatedtoit,andthen7apresentationbasedonwhatwelearned.Onthepresentationday,thatgirl8infrontoftheclass,andtoldeveryonehowshehadreadabouteatingdisorders,becausesheherselfhad9withone.Asitwastoodifficultforhertotalkaboutit10,shehadmadeamovie,whereshehad11somepeopleabouttheireatingdisordersandhowtheyhadfeltand12themeventually.Afterthepresentation,almost13wasintears.Severalpeoplecommentedonhow14shewastostandupandtalkaboutit,andhowstrongshewastohavegotoverthedisorder.Inever15shewouldhaveaproblemlikethatbecauseshealwaysseemed16.Hercouragetotalkaboutsomethingso17inpublicandherstrengthtogetthroughherdifficultieshave18me.I’vealsolearnedhowdifficultitisto19people.Youneverknowwhattypeofpersonsomeoneisjustby20foraterm.1、A.pleasedB.confusedC.interestedD.scared2、A.sinceB.ifC.beforeD.unless3、A.honorB.rightC.chanceD.duty4、A.discoveryB.progressC.remarkD.a(chǎn)ttempt5、A.forcedB.requiredC.a(chǎn)llowedD.reminded6、A.instructionsB.purposesC.cataloguesD.references7、A.tryoutforB.makeuseofC.comeupwithD.lookforwardto8、A.turnedawayB.gotupC.lookeddownD.cameback9、A.stayedB.begunC.struggledD.mixed10、A.directlyB.swiftlyC.randomlyD.seriously11、A.informedB.consultedC.supportedD.interviewed12、A.ignoredB.overcomeC.improvedD.developed13、A.somebodyB.a(chǎn)nybodyC.everybodyD.nobody14、A.reliableB.braveC.patientD.generous15、A.expectedB.a(chǎn)dmittedC.suspectedD.concluded16、A.cheerfulB.honestC.curiousD.independent17、A.specificB.professionalC.complexD.personal18、A.comfortedB.inspiredC.persuadedD.relaxed19、A.a(chǎn)museB.impressC.judgeD.satisfy20、A.thinkingB.listeningC.communicatingD.observing第二節(jié)(每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27.(15分)Manykindsofdinosaurs’bones1.(find)recentlybyChinesescientistsinNanyangcounty,HenanProvince.2.thescientistsinspectedthebones,theyweresurprised3.(spot))thesedinosaurscouldnotonlyrun4.theothersbutalsoclimbthetrees.Dinosaursdied5.suddenlyaround60millionyearsago.Somescientiststhink6.cameafteran7.(expect)incidentwhenahugerockfromspacehittheearth8.puttoomuchdustintotheair.Othersthinktheearthgottoohotforthedinosaurstoliveonany9.(much).Nobodyknows10.surewhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(滿(mǎn)分10分)28.(10分)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)(\)劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn),并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Oneday,Iwascookinginthekitchenwhilethetelephonerang.Iwenttoansweritimmediately.Shewasmyclosefriend,Lisa.Whenweweretalkingonphone,thefirealarmsounds.Iranbacktothekitchenonlytofindtheroomfullofsmokeandthebeefbadburnt.Iquicklyturnedoffthegas,openingallthewindows,andthenwentoutofthehouse.Inmysurprise,thetwofireengineswereoutsidemyhouse.Iwasquiteworrying.Itoldthefirementhatitwasmycarelesscookingwhichcausedtheheavysmoke.第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿(mǎn)分25分)29.(25分)距離你家鄉(xiāng)縣城以北80公里處是紅軍長(zhǎng)征經(jīng)過(guò)的地方,現(xiàn)在正被開(kāi)發(fā)成一個(gè)旅游區(qū)。假如你是設(shè)計(jì)者,請(qǐng)將此處設(shè)計(jì)成一個(gè)紅軍主題公園(TheRedArmyThemePark)并作簡(jiǎn)要介紹。要點(diǎn)如下:1.地點(diǎn):縣城以北80公里處;2.面積:占地5平方公里;3.主題:緬懷革命先烈,重溫革命歷史,體驗(yàn)長(zhǎng)征艱辛。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。參考詞匯:模擬戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)simulatedcombat

參考答案第一部分(共20小題,每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分)1、B2、B3、A4、C5、C6、B7、B8、D9、A10、C11、B12、B13、B14、D15、A16、B17、C18、D19、B20、A第二部分閱讀理解(滿(mǎn)分40分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21、America’sbusinessesaregettingolderandfatter,whilemanynewbusinessesaredyingininfancy.AstudylastmonthbytheBrookingsInstitutionfoundthattheproportionofolderfirmshasgrownsteadilyoverseveraldecades,whilethesurvivalrateofnewcompanieshasfallen.Inaddition,youngpeoplearestartingcompaniesatasharplylowerratethaninthepast.AnewreportfromtheNationalAssociationofManufacturersshowsamajorcause:Thecostofobeyinggovernmentregulationshasrisentomorethan$2trillion(12.26trillionyuan)annually,or12percentoftheGDP,andthiscostfallsdisproportionatelyonsmaller,newerbusinesses.It’srisky,difficultandexpensivetostartabusiness,andgettingmoreso.Governmentsareimposingvariousnewrulesonaseeminglydailybasis:healthinsurance,minimumwageincreasesand,mostrecentlyinCalifornia,compulsorypaidsickdaysforevenhourlyemployees.Theseregulationsshifthugesocialwelfarecostsdirectlyontooften-strugglingsmallbusinesses,whilebeingproportionallymuchlesscostlyforlargercompanies.Thisispartlyanunintendedissueofresources—establishedcompaniescancopewithnewcostsmoreeasily—butit’salsodeliberate.Forinstance,biginsurancecompaniesgotaseatatthetabletohelpwriteObamacare,butlesspoliticallypowerfulfirms—likemedicaldevicemanufacturers—gotsqueezed.Mature,successfulcorporationscanemployex-lawmakerswithconnections,distributecampaigncontributionsandevenwriteregulationsforthemselves.Theyarealsomorelikelytowanttoprotectsteadyrevenuestreamsthanrevolutionizetheirindustry.Majorcompaniesthathavebeensoill-managedtheywouldotherwisecollapse—airlines,carcompaniesandbanks—stagger(蹣跚)onbecausepoliticiansridetotherescuewithbagsoftaxpayermoney.Thegeniusofouruniquesystemofgovernmentisthedeterminationtoprotectanddefendtherightsoftheindividualovertherightsofthenation.Assuch,theriseofawell-connectedoligarchy(寡頭政治)thatprotectsbigbusinessattheexpenseofsmallbusiness,andtheestablishedoverthenew,isoppositetoAmericanideals.Incomeinequality—whichisdirectlycausedbyfaultygovernmentpolicy—isbeingpromotedasthereasontoimposemoreofthatbadpolicy.Butlet’sbeperfectlyclear,wedonothave

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