Argument閃光句型 總結(jié)

bangle整理的Argument閃光句型Argument閃光句型

1.

Themere(純粹的，起碼的，僅僅的)factthatticketsalesinrecentyearsforscreenplay（電影劇本）-basedmovieshaveexceededthoseforbook-basedmoviesisinsufficient（不足的，不夠的）evidencetoconclude(show,prove,illustrate（舉例說明）,demonstrate(證明，論證，示范))thatwritingscreenplaysnowprovidesgreaterfinancialopportunityforwriters.

A這個(gè)事實(shí)（概念）并不足以證明B這個(gè)事實(shí)（概念）

2.

Itispossiblethatfeespaidbymoviestudiosforscreenplayswilldecreaseinthefuturerelativetothoseforbookrights.

3.

Theargumentfailstoruleout(劃去，排除，取消)thepossibilitythatawriterengagesin（參加，使從事于）bothtypesofwritingaswellasotherwriter.

這個(gè)論述并沒有排除。。。的可能性

4．Inanyevent(無論如何),theadvertisementprovidesnojustification(理由)forthemutually（互相地，互助）exclusive（排外的，獨(dú)占的，唯一的）choicethatitimposeson（利用，欺騙，施加影響于）thewriter.

5．Theargumentsimplyequates(treat)successwith(astheindicationof)movieticketsales,whichisunwarranted（無根據(jù)的，無保證的）.

作者簡單的把A和B劃上了等號（簡單的把A等同于B）

6．Theauthorassumes(makeassumption)thatphysicalcapabilitiesaretheonlyattribute（品質(zhì)，特征，屬性）necessarytooperateamotorvehicle.

作者假定物理性能是對運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)動(dòng)車所必須的唯一屬性。

7．Moreover(此外),theauthorprovidesnoevidencethattherealism（現(xiàn)實(shí)主義）ofcolorphotography（攝影，攝影術(shù)）isthereasonforitspredominance（優(yōu)勢）.

此外，作者沒能提供證據(jù)證明A就是B的原因。

8．Thisassumptionpresents（提出，呈現(xiàn)，介紹）afalsedilemma(進(jìn)退兩難的局面，困難的選擇),sincethetwomediaarenotnecessarilymutuallyexclusive（互斥的）alternatives（事物，二中擇一，可供選擇的辦法）.

9．Commonsense（常識）tellsusthataphotographercansucceedbyworkinginbothmedia.

常識告訴我們。。。（不理性的，最好不用）

10．Theargumentignoresthefactors—suchasinitiative（主動(dòng)）,creativity（創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造力）,technicalskills,andbusinessjudgment（判斷）—thatmaybemoreimportantthanthechoiceofmedium（媒體）indeterminingsuccessinphotograph.

11.Themajorproblemwiththeargumentisthatthestated（定期的，一定的）similarities（類似，類似處）betweenCompanyAandBareinsufficienttosupporttheconclusionthatCompanyAwillsuffer（遭受，經(jīng)歷，忍受）afatesimilartoCompanyB‘s.

12.Consequently,themerefactthatCompanyAholdsalargeshare（份額）ofthevideo-gamehardwareandsoftwaremarketdoesnotsupport(支持，擁護(hù))theclaimthatCompanyAwillalsofail.

僅此是如下的事實(shí)，并不能支持如下的主張

13.Thus,theauthorunfairlyassumesthathighly-ratedpublictelevisionprogramsarenecessarilywidelyviewed,orpopular.

14.Whilethismaybetrueinsomecases,itisequallypossiblethatonlycompanieswithproductsthatarealreadybest-sellerscanaffordthehigheradratesthatpopularshowsdemand.

這一點(diǎn)在某些情況下是真實(shí)的，但同樣有可能在別的相反的情況下成立，作者的推理并不是唯一的

15.Admittedly(公認(rèn)地，誠然，無可否認(rèn)的),thevicepresident’sreasoninglinkingemployeebenefitswithcompanyprofits（利潤，益處）seemsreasonableonthesurface.

16.Onecaninfer（推斷）fromthesurvey’sresultsthatafullone-thirdoftherespondents（回答者）mayhaveviewedthecurrent（當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的，最近的，草寫的，通用的）benefitspackageunfavorably（不適宜地，不利地）.

我們可以從調(diào)查的結(jié)果推出。。。（和作者不同的結(jié)論，削弱作者的論述）

17．Lacking(缺乏的，不足的)morespecific(明確的，特殊的)informationabouthowtheseotheremployeesresponded,itisimpossibletoassess（估定，評定）（evaluate(評價(jià)，估計(jì)),judge（鑒定，判斷，斷定，認(rèn)為））thereliability(可靠性)ofthesurvey’sresultsortomakeaninformed（見多識廣的）recommendation（推薦，介紹信，勸告，建議）.

18．Itisunlikelythatthebrief（摘要，大綱）one-weekperiods（周期）undercomparison（比較，對照）arerepresentative（代表）oflongertimeperiods.

19．Ifso（假如這樣的話）,eventhough（即使）3percentmoreaccidentsoccurred（發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)）afterthechange,theauthor’s(arguer’s)argumentthatchangingthespeedlimitincreasesdangerfordriverswouldbeseriouslyweakened.

假如是。。。作者如下的觀點(diǎn)也會(huì)大大的削弱

20.Theeditorial（社論）failstotakeintoaccount(重視，考慮)possibledifferencesbetweenEastandWestCambriathatarerelevant（有關(guān)的，相應(yīng)的）tohowdriversreactto（與。。。起反應(yīng)）speed-limitchanges.

（此句用于攻擊錯(cuò)誤類比時(shí)使用（falseanalogy））

21．Inaddition(另外),whileitistruethatmanyvoters（投票者）changetheirmindsseveraltimesbeforevoting,andthatsomeremainundecided（未定的，不穩(wěn)定的）untilenteringthevotingbooth（貨攤，售貨亭，棚）,thisisnottrueofeveryone.

一方面，。。。是有道理的，但這個(gè)道理不一定適合每個(gè)人

（用于攻擊草率推廣中的絕對化詞匯）

22.Withoutknowingtheextentandnatureofthedamageresulting（作為結(jié)果的，因而發(fā)生的）fromthebadpublicity（公開）orthereasonfortheviolation（違反，妨礙，侵害，違背）,wecannotaccepttheauthor’sconclusion.

23.Theauthor’sproposal（提議，建議）isinconsistent（不一致，不協(xié)調(diào)的，矛盾的）withtheauthor’sconclusionabouttheconsequences（結(jié)果）ofadopting（采用，收養(yǎng)）anethics（偶爾，道德規(guī)范）code.

24.Tobeginwith（首先，本來）,theauthorfailstoconsiderhealththreats（威脅，兇兆）posed（形成，引起，造成，擺姿勢，洋裝）byincinerating（把。。燒成灰，燒棄）trash.

25.Theauthor’sconclusion（結(jié)束，結(jié)論，締結(jié)）thatswitching（開關(guān)，轉(zhuǎn)換，配電系統(tǒng)）toincineration（燒成灰，焚化）wouldbemoresalutary（有益的）forpublichealthwouldbeseriouslyundermined.

26.However,thisisnotnecessarilythecase.

27.Theauthor’simplicit（暗示的，盲從的，含蓄的）claimthatincinerationsareeconomicallyadvantageous（有利的）tolandfills（垃圾，垃圾掩埋法=trash）ispoorlysupported.

28.Consequently,unlesstheauthorcandemonstratethatthecitywillincur（招致）expenses（費(fèi)用，開支）thatarenotcoveredbytheincreasedrevenues（收入，國家的收入，稅收）fromtheseprojects,theauthor’sconcernabouttheseissuesisunfounded（沒有理由的，未建立的）.

因此，除非作者能證明。。。否則作者的這些擔(dān)心是沒有根據(jù)的

（UNLESSA，，，B（否定結(jié)構(gòu)），，）

29．Firstofall,whileasserting(斷言，聲稱)thatrealincomesarerising,theauthorprovidesnoevidencetosupportthisassertion.

30.Butnoevidenceisprovided（倘若）toshowthatthisexplanationiscorrect.

31.Moreover（而且，此外）,theauthorfailstoconsiderandruleoutotherfactorsthatmightaccountfor（說明，解決）proportional（成比例的，均衡的）decreaseinspendingonfood.

32.Theauthorignoresotherlikelybenefits（possiblefactors）ofagriculturaltechnologythataffectfoodpiecesonlyindirectlyornotatall.

作者忽略了有可能出現(xiàn)的好處

（作者考慮問題沒有考慮正負(fù)得失）

33.Inthefirstplace,agreatdealofempirical（經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的，完全根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的）evidenceshowsthatsequels（結(jié)局）areoftennotasprofitable（有利可圖的）astheoriginalmovies.

34.However,unlesstheoriginalcast（演員表）andproductionteamareinvolved（棘手的，有關(guān)的）inmakingthesequel,thereisagoodchanceitwillnotbefinanciallysuccessful.

然而，除非。。。否則很有可能。。。會(huì)發(fā)生

35.Sincethedifficultiesinherent（固有的，內(nèi)在的，與生俱來的）inthisprocess（過程，作用，方法，程序，步驟）makeithardtopredict（預(yù)知，預(yù)言，預(yù)報(bào)）whethertheresultwillbeasuccessorafailure,theconclusionthatthesequelwillbeprofitableispresumptuous(武斷的).

36.Thisassumptionoverlooksothercriteria（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）fordeterminingabridge’simportance—suchasthenumberofcommuters（通勤者，經(jīng)常往返者）usingthebridge,theroleofthebridgeinlocalemergencies（緊急事件，緊急需要）anddisasters,andtheimpact（影響，效果，沖突，碰撞）thatbridgeclosure（關(guān)閉）wouldhaveontheeconomiesofnearbycities.

37.Withoutsuchevidence,wecannotaccepttheauthor’sconclusionthatnogovernmentfunds（資金，基金）shouldbedirectedtowardmaintaining（維持，維修，供養(yǎng)）theStyxRiverbridge.

沒有這樣的證據(jù)，我們不能接受作者的結(jié)論

38.Thefactthatthenearbycityhasaweakening（弱化）economydoesnotprovethatthecitywillnotcontributesignificantly（意味深長地，值得注目地）totax（對。。征稅）revenues.

A不能說明B

39.Substantiating（證實(shí)，使實(shí)體化）thisassumptionrequiresexaminingtheproper（正當(dāng)?shù)?，固有的，適當(dāng)?shù)?，正確的，特有的）dutyofgovernment.

40.Accordingly（因此，從而）,thisassumptionissimplyanunprovedclaim.

因此，這個(gè)假定只是一個(gè)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的主張

41.Theauthorispresentingafalsedilemmabyimposing(強(qiáng)加（壯麗的，使人難忘的）)aneither-or（只能二選一的）choicebetweentwocoursesofactionthatneednotbemutuallyexclusive.

見8條

42.Itisequallypossiblethatlegislators（立法者）canaddress（演說，向。。致辭，）bothareasofconcern(（利害）關(guān)系，關(guān)注，涉及)concurrently（并發(fā)地，一致地）.

43.Theargumentrelies（依賴于，信賴）ontheassumptionthatthelegislatorsinquestion(所討論的)havetheopportunitytoaddressurban（城市的）crime（犯罪，犯罪行為）problems.

44.Finally,theauthorunfairlytrivializes（使平凡，使瑣碎）theseverity（嚴(yán)肅，嚴(yán)格，嚴(yán)重，激烈）ofrural（鄉(xiāng)下的，田園的，生活在農(nóng)村的）crimebysimplycomparingitwithurbancrime.

論者無理的輕視了。。（小看了。。；不重視。。。）

45.Itispossiblethatthesalestrend（傾向，伸向）inaparticular（特別的，特殊的，詳細(xì)的，獨(dú)特的）location（場所，位置，特定區(qū)域）isnotrepresentative（典型的，有代表性的）ofsalesinotherregions（地區(qū)，區(qū)域，地方，領(lǐng)域）.

46.However,theauthorfailstoacknowledge（承認(rèn)）andruleoutotherpossiblecausesofsuchaccidents.

47.Athirdproblemwiththeargumentisthatthestatisticalevidenceuponwhichitreliesistoovague（含糊的，不清楚的）tobeinformative（提供情報(bào)的）.

48.Ifthesubjectsforthestudywererandomly（隨便的，未加計(jì)劃的）chosenandrepresent（表現(xiàn)，描繪，象征，扮演，回憶）adiverse（不同的，變化多的）cross（相反的，交叉的）sectionofthepopulationofshampoousers,theresultswillbereliable（可靠的，可信賴的）regardless（不管，不顧，不注意）ofthenumberofparticipants（參與者，共享者）.

49.Experiencealoneisfarfrombeingenoughtoguarantee（保證，擔(dān)保）minimized（將。。減到最?。﹑rocessing（處理）costs（成本，價(jià)錢，代價(jià)）.

50.Given(贈(zèng)予的，特定的，假設(shè)的)thatOlympicFoodsdoesbenefitfrom（受益于）loweredprocessingcostsdueto（由于，應(yīng)歸于）itsyearsofexperience,theprediction（預(yù)言，預(yù)報(bào)）aboutmaximumprofitsisstillinlackofsolid（可靠的）ground（范圍）.

51.Anyadverse（不利的，敵對的，反對的）changeinthosefactorswillhavenegativeimpact（對。。發(fā)生影響）onthecompany’sprofitability（收益性，利益率）.

52.Contingencies(偶然事件)suchasmarketchanges,competition,materialandlabor（勞工）costs,legislative（立法的，立法機(jī)關(guān)（的））moves,andthenationalorinternationaleconomiccyclecanallleadtodroppingprofit.

53.Openingsubsidiaries（輔助的，補(bǔ)充的）mayjustcoincide（一致，符合）withchangesintheabovementioned（提及，說起，論及）factorsandtheconsequent（作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的）impactonthecompany’sprofitability.

54.Comprehensive（全面的，廣泛的）analysisisnecessarytoidentify（確定，識別，鑒別）theactualcause(s)ofthecompany’sloweredprofitability.

全面的分析是必要的，以便確定。。。結(jié)果的真正原因

（攻擊“沒有考慮其他可能的因素”的時(shí)候使用，原因可能是一個(gè)或者多個(gè)）

55.Theotherpremise（假定，提論，預(yù)述）intheargumentthatcentralization（集中，中央集權(quán)化）wouldimprove（改善，改進(jìn)）profitabilitylendslittlesupporttotheargumentbecauseitsowncredibility（可信性）issuspect（令人懷疑的，不可信的，可疑的）.

56.Thereisnodataavailable,however,tosupportanycausalrelationbetweenthenumberofpeoplewatchingTVprogramsaboutthevisualartsandthenumberofpeoplevisitingartmuseums.

57.Wedonothaveanyevidencesuggestingthattheincreaseordecreaseofthenumberof

TVprogramviewerswillcausethelikewise（同樣地）increaseordecreaseinthenumberofmuseumvisitors,orvise（簽證，簽準(zhǔn)）versa.

58.Thestatisticsofferedintheannouncement（宣告，公告）warrants（保證，擔(dān)保）onlytheconclusionthatthedeclineofTheMercury’scirculation（循環(huán)，流通，發(fā)行量）andthealleged（聲稱的，所謂的）competitor（競爭者）,thelower-pricednewspaperTheBugle,coexisted（共存）inthepastfiveyears.

這段論述中所提供的證據(jù)，只能支持如下的結(jié)論（可能作者的結(jié)論作出限定后是成立的）

（在攻擊類似“結(jié)論放大了”的時(shí)候用）

59.Anyfurtherlinkage（聯(lián)接）ofthesetwophenomena（現(xiàn)象）requiresmoreevidenceandisnotjustified（證明。。是恰當(dāng)?shù)模゜ythedatasofaravailable.

60.Therefore,anydecisionaimedataddressingtheproblemoffallingcirculationmustbebasedonmorethorough（十分的，徹底的）investigation（調(diào)查，研究）togather（集合，聚集）sufficient（充分的，足夠的）datainordertonarrowdownandlocate（定位）theactualcause(s)oftheproblem.

任何指在解決。。。問題的決定都必須基于更徹底的調(diào)查以便獲得充分的數(shù)據(jù)來（限定）縮小這個(gè)問題真正的一個(gè)或多個(gè)原因

61.ThereisalsothepossibilitythatTheMercury’sdecliningcirculationhaslittletodowithTheBugle.

62.Sincethearguermakesaclaimaboutworkersingeneral,theworkerssampledforthesurveyshouldbeabletorepresentallworkers.

63.Fromthesurveyquoted(引用，引證，提供，提出)intheargument,however,wefindnosignofsuchproceduresforrandomsampling（隨意取樣）,andhavegoodreasontodoubtifthesampleisrepresentativeenoughtoreflectthegeneralattitudesofallworkersasawhole（總體上）.

從這段論述所引用的調(diào)查來看，我們找不到任何有關(guān)隨機(jī)取樣的調(diào)查程序的跡象，懷疑調(diào)查，抽樣調(diào)查的代表性來反應(yīng)。。。

（用于攻擊“調(diào)查類的問題”）

64.Whensamplesareusedtomakegeneralclaimsaboutaparticulargroup,thesamplesshouldbecloseenoughintimetothegeneralization(一般化，普通化，概括)theyareusedtosupport,sothathistoricalchangeswillnotinvalidate（使無效）thegeneralization.

當(dāng)抽樣調(diào)查被用來對一個(gè)特定的群體做出一般的概括的時(shí)候，那么這個(gè)樣品要在抽樣的時(shí)間上盡可能接近這個(gè)你要用來支持的一般性的結(jié)論，以便歷史的改變不會(huì)使這個(gè)概括無效。

（要在調(diào)查的時(shí)間上盡可能接近，實(shí)用性不強(qiáng)）

65．Ifthiswillbethecase,thentheincreasingnumbermiddle-agedpeopleinthefuturewillnotnecessarilymeanthelikewiseincreaseofbusinessvolume(銷售量)indepartmentstores.

66.Opinionsshouldbejudgedbytheirownmerits（優(yōu)點(diǎn)，價(jià)值）,andshouldnotbedismissedmerelybecausetheyarevoicedbyafewpeople.

67.Tofindtheexactcauseorcausesofeconomicupsordowns（盛衰，沉浮）,examinationshouldbeappliedtoallfactorsthathavesignificant（有意義的，重要的）impactontheeconomy.

68.SincenoeffectwasmadetogatherinformationaboutthespendingamountsoftheshopperswhohadnotreadtheadinGazette（報(bào)紙，政府的公報(bào)，（大學(xué)的）學(xué)報(bào)）,thepossibilitycannotbeexcluded（排斥，把。。排除在外）thattheaverageamountspentbyashopperdidnotvarysignificantly,whethertheshopperhadreadtheadornot.

69.Withoutfurtherinvestigationanyclaimsmadeabouttheeffectiveness（效力）oftheradioadaredoubtfuleventhoughthecafédidobserveabetterbusiness.

70.Thefactthatthestudentperformanceimproved（改良的）aftertheapplicationofinteractivecomputerinstructiondoesnotnecessarilyimply（暗示，意味）thatthenewteachingmethodisresponsible（可靠的，可信賴的，有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的）fortheachievements.

如下的事實(shí)不一定意味著。。。

（同38句，也是一個(gè)萬能句型）

71.Factorssuchasfunds,computerskillsofteachingstaff（教職人員）,relativeimportanceofotherteachingobjectivesallhavesomebearingon（有關(guān)，瞄準(zhǔn)，對。。施加壓力）theextentoftheuseofcomputer-aided（半自動(dòng)的）instruction.

72.Economy,asweknow,isinfluenced（影響，改變）bythecombinationofahost（主機(jī)）offactors,local,nationalandinternational,political,social,andtechnological.

73.Butwearetoldnothingaboutthewaythepoll（民意測驗(yàn)，選舉之選票）wasconductedandhowwellitrepresentedthepublicopinions.

可是我們沒有被告知任何這個(gè)抽樣是怎么做的，以及它能夠有效的代表什么，

（對調(diào)查結(jié)果正確性的攻擊，可用此句型）

74.Buttheproblemisthatthetwosituationsarenotsimilarenoughtojustify（證明。。是正當(dāng)?shù)模﹖heanalogicaldeduction（類比推理）.

這個(gè)問題是這兩種情形，不具有足夠的相似性來使得作者的類比推理成立

（falseanalogy）

75.Accordingtothememo,companiesareurgedtofollowthiscode,butthereisnoevidencewhatsoever(無論如何)toshowanyseriouscommitment（許諾，委托事項(xiàng)）onthepartofthosecompaniesotherthantheirovert（明顯的，公然的）agreementtoabideby（堅(jiān)持，遵守）it.

76.Theargumentprovidesnodirectinformationastothedegreetowhichthepublic’sdemandforrestaurantsissatisfiedbythesupplyfromtheindustry.

77.Thereisnoevidencewhatsoevertoindicatethatthewaterissolely（獨(dú)自地，單獨(dú)地）responsibleforthehealthconditionofthelocalpeople.

78.Butanyconclusionatthisstageispremature（未成熟的，太早的，早熟的）inabsenceofacomprehensiveexaminationoftheschool’seducationalcompetence（能力）.

79.Thisobservedphenomenon（現(xiàn)象）,actually,sayslittlemorethanthatthesetwoeventsaresynchronic（同時(shí)發(fā)生的）toeachotherandthatisall.

80.Itdoesnotnaturallywarranttheconclusionthatmovieviolencehassignificantlycontributed,andthusiscausalto,theincreasedurbancrimesinreallife.

81.InthisargumentthearguerconcludesthattheAppogeeCompanyshouldclosedownfieldofficesandconductallitsoperationsfromasingle,centralized（集中的，中央集權(quán)的）locationbecausethecompanyhadbeenmoreprofitable（有利可圖的）inthepastwhenallitsoperationswereinonelocation.

82.Foracoupleofreasons,thisargumentisnotveryconvincing.

83.Theargueremploystwolinesofreasoningtoreachthisconclusion.

84.Inaddition,thearguerreasons（說服，勸說，推論）that15-year-oldsarephysically（身體上的）morecapablethanolderdriversofperformingthevariousskillsassociatedwithdrivingavehicleandthusshouldbeeligible（符合條件的，合格的）togetalicense.

85.Thearguerdrawstheconclusionthatphotographerswhoworkincolorholdacompetitive（競爭的）advantageoverthosewhoworkinblack-and-white.

86.Tosupportthisconclusion,thearguerclaimsthatthegreaterrealism（現(xiàn)實(shí)主義）ofcoloredphotosaccountsforitspredominant（卓越的，突出的，主要的，有影響的）useinmagazinesandportraits（肖像，人像）.

87.ThiseditorialassertsthatWestCambriashouldnotchangeitshighwayspeedlimitsbecausesuchchangesadversely（逆地，反對地）affectdriveralertness（警戒，機(jī)敏）andarethereforedangerous.

88.Tosupportthisclaim,theeditorialcites（引用，引證）statisticsindicating（指示，標(biāo)志）thatwhenever（只要）EastCambriachangeditsspeedlimits,anaverageof3percentmoreautomobileaccidentsoccurred（發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)）duringtheweekafterthechangethanduringtheweekpreceding（在前的，前述的）it,evenwhenthespeedlimitwaslowered.

89.Asitstands（按照現(xiàn)在的情況，事實(shí)是這樣）,thisargumentsuffersfrom（忍受，遭受）threecriticalflaws（瑕疵，缺點(diǎn)，裂紋）.

90.Inthisargument,theplanningdepartmentofaninvestmentfirmreachestheconclusionthatthefirmshouldencourageinvestmentinSolario—anewmanufacturerofsolar—powered（太陽能）products（產(chǎn)品）.

91.Thebasisforthisrecommendationistheexpectationthatsolarenergywillsoonbecomemorecostefficientandattractivethanotherformsofenergy.

92.Thisassumptionisbasedonrecentdeclinesin（衰退）thecostofequipmentusedtoconvert（使轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換。。，轉(zhuǎn)換信仰）solarenergyintoelectricityandonnewtechnologiststhatarebeing