職稱英語綜合類B級(jí)真題及答案

2008年職稱英語綜合類B級(jí)真題

單齒■一子母選擇題

考試時(shí)間：120分鐘考生：506321713總分：100分

一、單選題（共15題，共15.00分）

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1、Shefoundmeverydull.

A.dirty

B.sleepy

C.lazy

D.boring

cccr

選項(xiàng)：ABCDX錯(cuò)誤［

答案：D

解析:

2、ThePresidentmadeabriefvisittoBeijing.

A.short

B.working

C.formal

D.secret

rCC

選項(xiàng):DA錯(cuò)誤

答案：A

解析：

3、Hewaspersuadedtogiveuptheidea.

A.mention

B.accept

C.consider

D.drop

crrc

選項(xiàng)：ABCDA錯(cuò)謨

答案：D

解析:

4、Jackconsumesapoundofcheeseaday.

A.eats

B.drink

C.buys

D.produces

xw

答案：A

解析：

5、MaryjusttoldUSaveryfascinatingstory.

A.strange

B.frightening

C.difficult

D.interesting

選項(xiàng)：'AA錯(cuò)誤

答案：D

解析：

6、It'sagorgeousdayanyway.

A.lovely

B.cold

C.normal

D.rainy

crrc

選項(xiàng)：ABCDA錯(cuò)謨

答案：A

解析:

7、Herlifeisbecomingmorediverse.

A.generous

B.humorous

C.varied

D.romantic

xw

答案：c

解析：

8、Foreignmilitaryaidwasprolongingthewar.

A.broadening

B.worsening

C.extending

D.accelerating

A錯(cuò)誤

答案：c

解析：

9、Shewasunwillingtogobutshehadnochoice.

A.unable

B.indecisive

C.ready

D.reluctant

crrc

選項(xiàng)：ABCDA錯(cuò)謨

答案：D

解析:

io、Sheisslender,withdelicatewristsandankles.

A.sick

B.weak

C.slim

D.pale

xw

答案：c

解析：

iKWithimmenserelief,Istoppedrunning.

A.some

B.enormous

C.little

D.extensive

rBCD

選項(xiàng):'X錯(cuò)誤］

答案：B

解析：

12、Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.

A.collect

B.handle

C.analyze

D.investigate

crrc

選項(xiàng)：ABCDA錯(cuò)謨

答案：A

解析:

13、Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.

A.hit

B.passed

C.reached

D.led

xw

答案：B

解析：

14、Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.

A.possible

B.profitable

C.easy

D.wise

A錯(cuò)誤

答案：D

解析：

15、Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.

A.fact

B.mystery

C.statement

D.game

crrc

選項(xiàng)：ABCDA錯(cuò)謨

答案：B

解析：

二、子母選擇題（共7題，共85.00分）

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1s

Petitions

Petitions（請?jiān)?，請?jiān)笗﹉avelongbeenapartofBritish

politicallife.Anyonewhowantedtochangesomethingwouldget

alistofsignaturesfrompeoplewhoagreedtotheideaandeither

sendthemtothegovernmentordeliverthempersonallytothePrime

Minister'shouseinLondon.Theyarealwaysacceptedatthedoor

byoneofthePM'Sofficials.Whathappensthen?Nothingmuch,

usually,petitionshavealwaysbeenthoughtButofasauseful

wayforthosewhogoverntofindoutwhatthepeoplereally

think.That'swhytheUKgovernmentLaunchedits"e—petitionv

siteinNovember2006.Insteadofphysicallycollecting

signatures,allanyonewithanideahastodonowistomakea

proposalonthegovernmentwebsite,andanyonewhosupportsthe

ideaisfreetoaddhisorhersignature.Thepetitionssoon

startedtoflowin.TheideawasfortheBritishpeopletoexpress

theirconstructiveideas.Manychoseinsteadtoexpresstheir

senseofhumor,onepetitionercalledonTonyBlairtostopthe

DeputyPrimeMinistereatingSOmuch”.Anotherwantedtoexpel（驅(qū)

逐）ScotlandfromtheUnitedKingdombecauseScottishfootball

fastneversupportEnglandintheWorldCup.otherpetitioners

calledonthePrimeMinistertoabolishthemonarchy.Somewanted

togiveitmorepower.Somewantedtoopposethe

UnitedStates,otherswantedtoleavetheEuropean

Union.SomewantedtosendmoretroopstoIraqandotherswanted

themallbroughthome.SomewantedtoadopttheEuro（歐元）.Others

wantedtokeepthepound.Yetifsomepetitionsarenotserious。

otherspresentadirectchallengetogovernmentpolicy.Apetition

callingonthegovernmenttodropplanstochargedriversforusing

roadshasalreadydrawnaround1.8millionsignatures.Inresponse

tothat,arivalpetitionhasbeenpostedinsupportofroad

pricing.Andthatisalsorapidlygrowing.Thereareabout60

millionpeopleinBritain.Soitisunderstandablethatthe

governmentwantstofindoutwhatpeoplearethinking.Butthe

problemwiththee-petitionsiteseemstobethattheBritish

peoplehaveabout70millionopinions,andwantthePrimeMinister

tohearallofthem.Perhapshecouldstartapetitionasking

everyonetolustshutupforawhile.16.Apetitionneedsto

besignedARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17.ThePrimeMinisterreadspetitionsevery

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.ApetitionhastobemailedtothePrimeMinister,s

houseinLondon

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Petitionshavebeentakentobeoneofthewaysfor

theBritishpeopletoexpresstheirideas.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.Noothergovernmentshavelaunchedtheire-petition

sites

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Allpetitionsareserious

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.ItisimpossibleforthePrimeMinistertohearall

oftheopinions

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

選項(xiàng):

第1題：「A「B

第2題：「A「B

第3題：「A「B

第4題：「A「B

第5題：廠A廠B

CA錯(cuò)溟

第6題：「A廠B

第7題：「A「B

答案：

第1題：A

第2題：C

第3題：B

第4題：A

第5題：C

第6題：B

第7題：A

解析：

2,

ANewCitizenshipTest

1Lastweek,asampleofthenewUScitizenship（公民

身份）examwasreleasedbytheUSCitizenshipandImmigration

Services（US-cist）.Itwillbetriedoutin10citiesearlynext

yeartoreplacethecurrenttestin2008.Insteadofaskinghow

manystripestheUSflaghas,asthecurrenttestdoes,thenew

oneaskswhythereare13stripes.Insteadofhavingtonamethe

branchesofgovernment,anapplicantisaskedtoexplainwhythere

arethree.

2"Thegoalistomakeitmoremeaningful,''explains

EmilioGonzalez,directoroftheUS.CIS.Immigrantswhopassit

areexpectedtohaveabetter“understandingandrespectvfor

UScivic（公民的）values,Gonzalezsays.

3.Theussin'ttheonlycountrydealingwith

citizenship）teststhataimtogeta“sharedcommitment”from

immigrantsfortheiradoptedcountry's"values”.Inrecentyears,

inadditiontotheusualrequirementoflanguage/workskillsand

economicstatus,severalEuropeancountrieshaveadopted

citizenshiptests.BritainintroducedanewcitizenshiptestLast

November.InMarch.anewbutchlaw-tookeffectrequiringall

would-beimmigrantstotakeacitizenshiptest.Itinvolved

watchingavideoshowingnude（裸體的）womenbathingatbeachesand

gay（同性戀的）menkissinginpublic.Theaimwastoensurethat”

newcomerswillbecomfortablewiththecountry'sliberalsocial

mores

4Europehasbeenknownforwelcomingimmigrantsfor

decades.But,today,thefactisthatsomeimmigrantsarekept

apartfromIncacitizensbycultureandtheybecomehostileto

eachother.Promotingintegrationhasbecomeamajorconcernfor

Europeancountries,aftertheriotinginMuslimghettoes（少數(shù)

民族聚居區(qū)）inFranceandthekillingOfDutchpublicfiguresby

religiousextremists.

5Officialsbelievethataperson,sattachmenttoa

countrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthe

country.However,somecriticssaythatthechangescandolittle

tohelppeopleassimilate（同化）themselves.Immigrationisa

culturewartoday.Isgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessen

theaccusationsinthatfight?”saysAllNoonan,ofthe

MassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition（難民辯

護(hù)聯(lián)盟）.

23.Paragraph2

24.Paragraph3

25.Paragraph4

26.Paragraph5

A.Preparationfortakingacitizenshiptest

B.citizenshiptestsinEuropeancountries

C.importanceofpromotingintegration

D.Necessitytoknowthebranchesofgovernment

E.Differentviewsonthenewcitizenshiptest

F.goalofthenewcitizenshiptest

27.Thequestionsinthenewcitizenshiptestaremoredifficult

28.Would-beimmigrantstotheUSareexpected

29.IntheDutchcitizenshiptest,allwould-beimmigrantsare

required

30.Somepeoplefearthatchangesinthecitizenshiptestwill

dolittle

A.toknowalotmoreaboutthecountry

B.towatchavideo

C.tohelpimmigrantsacceptthenewculture

D.tomarryAmericancitizens

E.todolow-skilljobs

F.toanswer

選項(xiàng):

第1題：「A「B「C

「D「E「F

第2題：廠A「B「C

「Dr]

第3題：廠A「B「C3orl

第4題：廠A「B匚（口口

第5題：「A廠B'C口F]

第6題：「A「

B'fi「DEj「F

笫7題：「A「口

B'CO白

第題：廠「

8ArBCnrirlx錯(cuò)誤

答案：

第1題：F

第2題：B

第3題：C

第4題：E

第5題：F

第6題：A

第7題：B

第8題：C

解析：

3、

PoliticalSpins

Lastweek,USWhiteHousespokesmanTonySnowsent

journalistsdiggingfortheirdictionaries.Hecalledrecent

criticismbytheformerPresidentBillClinton“chutzpah”（大

月旦放肆）.Withjustonesentence,Snowmanagedtomakeheadlines,

ajokeandadefenseofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush.Interestingly,

thisishowbattlesarefoughtandwoninUSpolitics-with

carefully-wordedone-liners（一行字幕新聞）madeforTVwhichoften

lacksubstanceandclarity（清晰度）.

“Theamountofinformationthatcandidatesattemptto

communicatetopeopleisactuallygettingsmallerandsmaller,“

saidMarkSmith,apoliticalscienceprofessoratCedarville

University.Thishasbeenaccompaniedbyachangingmedia

environment,Smithsaid.In1968,theaverageTVorradiosound

bite（演講中的句子或短語）was48seconds,accordingtoSmith.In

1996Otheaveragesoundbitehadshrunkto8seconds.Thus,

politicianswantingpublicitytrytomaketheirpublic

communicationasquotableaspossible.

Campaigningpoliticiansalsouse30,second」Vadsand

clevercampaignsloganstoboosttheirmessages.Republican

presidentialcandidateJohnMcCainridestocampaignstopsina

busnamedthe“Straight-TalkExpress”.Mockinghopesthename

willconvincevotersheplanstotellpeoplethetruth一whether

it,sinfashionornot.DemocraticpresidentialcandidateHillary

Clinton,ontheotherhand,haschosenthecampaignsloganvLet

theconversationbegin”.Shehopesitwillhelpherappearopen

一mindedandfriendly.

Butone一liners,TVadsandcampaignslogansallhavea

singlekeyingredient：somethingcommonlycalledpoliticalv

spin”.BrooksJackson,aformerjournalistandthecurrentdirector

ofthenon—partisan（無黨派的）websiteFactC,callsspin”

justapolitewordfordeception（欺騙）.”

dobelievethatveryoftenpoliticiansbelievetheir

ownspin,“saidJackson.

“Strongpartisanssufferfromauniversalhumantendency：

Theyignoretheevidencethatwouldforcethemintothe

uncomfortablepositionofhavingtochangetheirmindsandadmit

thattheywerewrong.”

31.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofone-liners?

A.Theyareunclear.

B.Theycontainalotofinformation

C.Theylacksubstance.

D.Theyarecarefullyconstructed.

32Whatchangedfrom1968to1996?

A.Publicity.

B.Information.

C.Communication.

D.Theaveragesoundbite.

33.Thecampaignslogan"Straight-TalkExpress"aimsat

convincingvotersthatthePresidentialcandidateis

A.honest.

B.friendly.

C.open-minded.

D.warm-hearted.

34.AccordingtoBrooksJackson,allcampaignslogans

are___________

A.attractive.

B.impressive.

C.deceptive.

D.informative.

35.Whichstatementbestdescribesstrongpartisans?

A.Theyareveryfunny.

B.Theyareveryhealthy.

C.Theyareveryaggressive.

D.Theyareverystubborn（頑固的）.

選項(xiàng)：

笫1題：「A「B「C「D

答案：

第1題：B

第2題：D

第3題：A

第4題：C

第5題：D

解析：

ATaleofScottishRuralLife

LewisGrassicGibbon'sSunsetSong(1932)wasvoted'the

bestScottishnovelofalltime"byScotland'sreadingpublicin

2005.Onceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionof

aspectsofthelivesofScotland'spoorruralfarmers,ithasbeen

adaptedforstage,film,TVandradioinrecentdecades.

ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinAddie,

inthefarmingcountryoftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsup

toandbeyondWorldWarI.AtitsheartisthestoryofChris,

whoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittleoutsideit.

GrassicGibbongivesusthemostdetailedandintimate

accountofthelifeofhisheroine(女主人公).Wewatchhergrow

throughachildhooddominatedbyhercruelbuthard-workingfather;

experiencetragedy(hermother,ssuicideandmurderofher

twinchildren);andlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintoa

woman.Weseehermarryloseherhusband,thenmarryagain.Chris

hasseemedsoconvincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthatthey

cannotbelievethatsheisthecreationofaman.

Butitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookis

justaboutChris.Itistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.

ItsopeningsectiontellsofKinAddie'slonghistory,ina

languagethatimitatestheplace'schanging,patternsofspeech

andwriting.

Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersand

incidents.ItistoldfromChris'pointofviewbutalsofromthat

ofthegossipingcommunity,acommunitywhereeverybodyknows

everybodyelse'sbusinessandnothingiseverforgotten.

SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.Itisconcernedwith

whatGrassicGibbonperceivesasthedestructionoftraditional

ScottishrurallifefirstbymodernizationandthenbyWorldWar

I.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertaincharactersresistthe

war.Despitethis,thewartakestheyoungmenaway,anumberof

themtotheirdeaths.Inparticular,ittakesawayChris，husband,

EvanAvondale.ThewarfinallykillsEvan,butnotinthewayhis

widowistold.Infact,theGermansaren'tresponsibleforhis

death,buthisownside.Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohave

runawayfromabattle.

Ifthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflife,italso

looksahead.Itisa'SunsetSong"butisconcernedtoowiththe

newKinAddie,indeedofthenewEuropeanworld.GrassicGibbon

wentontopublishtwoothernovelsabouttheplacethatcontinue

itsstory.

36.WhatisSunsetSongmainlyabout?

A.TheFirstWorldWar.

B.Thebeautyofthesunset.

C.ThenewEuropeanworld.

D.ThelivesofruralScottishfarmers

37.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris?

A.SheistheheroineofSunsetSong

B.Shehadamiserablechildhood.

C.Sheisthecreationofaman.

D.Shemarriedonlyonce.

38.Whatistheopeningsectionofthenovelmainlyconcernedwith?

A.TheclimateofKinraddie.

B.ThehistoryofKinraddie.

C.ThegeographyofKinraddie.

D.ThelanguagespokeninKinraddie.

39.WhokilledChris'husband,Ewan?

A.Hisowntroops.

B.TheFrencharmy.

C.TheGermans.

D.TheRussiansoldiers.

40.Theword"Sunset"inthetitleofthisnovelmostprobably

means

A.theendoftheheroine'slife.

B.theendofthestory.

C.theendofthetraditionalwayoflife.

D.theendoftheday.

選項(xiàng);

第i題：「A「B「C「D

口

笫2題：「A「B「C

rJ

第3題：廠A「B「C

口

第4題：廠A「B「C

ri

第5題：廠A「C「D

答案：

第1題：D

第2題：D

第3題：B

第4題：A

第5題：C

解析：

5、

CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCities

ThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeeting

placesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchat

lateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakefor

anexciting,metropolitan（大都市的）atmosphere.Squares,plazas（廣

場）andarcades（拱廊）formtheheartofEurope'scities.Venice、

inItalyhasthePiazzaSanMarco一abeautifulsquaresurrounded

byshops,churches,restaurantsandcafes0InBarcelona,Spain,

LaBecquerelisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallsselling

allkindsofgoods.London'SCoventGardenisfilledwithfruit

andvegetablestallsbydayandmusicians,acrobats（雜技演員）and

artistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmany

citiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressiveInLondon,theyserve

asabeautifulbackdrop（背景）tothecoffeetablesthatlinethe

streetsandthebanksoftheThames.

Thesevibrant（有活力的）heartsaretheproductof

centuriesofevolution,socialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNews

andWorldReportrecently."ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceisSO

greattodayisyoudon'tseeallthemistakes,“said

Girardeau."Thosehaveallbeenremoved."MostEuropeancities

werelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecar.SObars,restaurants

andcafeswereneartopeople'Shomes.Today,thefocusofmany

Europeans?lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theylivein

thesuburbsandoutskirts,drivingtosupermarketstogettheir

supplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconvention,

therearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalways,livingand

shoppinglocally.Thesepeople,togetherwithtourists,provide

thecitycenterswiththeirreasonforexistence.

Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycenters

flourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizens

arefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillis

developedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos（濃咖

啡）andcigarettes.

Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociable

atmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthe

Churchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgather

inthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarkets,cafesand

barsinthesurroundingstreets.Anenormousexampleofthis

relationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheCuomo.Thehuge

marblecathedralinFlorence,Italyissurroundedbybakeriesand

coffeeshops,andcaters（迎合）notonlytothetouristcrowds,

butalsothelocalcommunity.

41.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcity

inEurope

A.hasmanylargesquares.

B.hasmanyverymagnificentsky-scrapers.

C.drawstouristsinlargenumberseveryyear.

D.hasacenterwheretouristsmeettheirspouses.

42.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofCoventGarden?

A.Itiscrowdedwithpeople.

B.ItislocatedinLondon.

C.Itisfilledwithstalls.

D.Itissurroundedbyshops,churches,restaurantsandcafes

43.WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceissogreat?

A.Becauseitisafamoustouristattraction.

B.Becauseyoucanreachanywherebyboat.

C.Becauseitiswell-knownforitsmerchants.

D.Becauseallthemistakeshavebeenremoved

44.WhatareParisiansfamousfor?

A.Theirpursuitofindependence.

B.Theirenthusiasmforconversation.

C.Theirabilitytokeepthecityflourishing.

D.Theirdevotiontodevelopingamultipleculture.

45.ThewritercitestheCuomointhelastparagraphasanexample

toillustratethat

A.thereisatightlinkbetweenchurchandsociety.

B.allchurchesaremagnificent.

C.oldchurchesareverypopular.

D.high-risechurchesareimpressive.

選項(xiàng);

第1題：廠「c

Ajrj

第2題：「「Br

Ae

第3題：「「B「c

A

第4題：廠「Brc

A

第5題：廠r

ArJc

答案：

第1題：C

第2題：D

第3題：D

第4題：B

第5題：A

解析：

6、

RisingTuitionintheUS

EverySpring,USuniversityadministratorsgatherto

discussthenextacademicyear,Sbudget.Theyconsiderfaculty

salaries,utilitycostsfordormitories,newbuildingneedsand

repairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbersandconclude-itseems,

inevitably-that,yetagain,thecostoftuitionmustgoup.

AccordingtotheUS'SCollegeBoard,thepriceofattending

afour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetween

1993and2004.(46)In2005and2006,thenumberscontinued

torise.

Accordingtouniversityofficials,collegecostincreases

aresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.^Tuition

increasesatCedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrevenue

needsforeachyear,“saidtheuniversity,spresident,DrBill

Brown."Studenttuitionpaysfor78percentoftheuniversity'

soperatingcosts."Brown'sscholiastaprivateuniversitythat

enrollsabout3.100undergradsandisconsistentlyrecognized

byannualcollegerankingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport'

sandThePrincetonReview's.(47)

Tuitionatprivateuniversitiesissetbyadministration

Folliclesandthensentforapprovaltotheschool'sboardof

trustees(董事).(48)Thisboardoversees(監(jiān)管)ailofa

state'spublicinstitutions.

JohnDurham,assistantsecretarytotheboardoftrustees

atEastCarolinaUniversity(ECU),explainsthatstateLawsays

thatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservicesavailable

wheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.Durhamsaid

thatNorthCarolinaresidentsonlypay22percentofthecostof

theireducation.(49)StateresidentsattendingECUpay

aboutUS$10,000fortuitionroomandboardbeforefinancialaid.

Amidthenewsaboutcontinuedincreasesincollegecosts,

however,thereissomegoodnews.Tuitionincreaseshavebeen

accompaniedbyroughlyequalincreasesinfinancialaidatalmost

everyuniversity.Toreceivefinancialaid,USstudentscomplete

aformalapplicationwiththefederalgovernment.Thefederal

governmentthendecideswhetheranapplicantiseligible(有資

格的)forgrantsorloans(50)

A.Theapplicationisthensenttothestudent'suniversity,

wheretheschoolitselfwilldecidewhetherfreemoneywillbe

giventothestudentandhowmuch

B.Atpublicuniversities,however,tuitionincreasesmustalso

beapprovedbyastateeducationcommittee,sometimescalledthe

boardofgovernors

C.TheschoolcurrentlychargesUS$23,410ayearfortuition

D.ManyAmericanpeoplearesimplyunabletopaythegrowing

costoffood

E.That'smorethandoubletherateofinflation

F.Thestategovernmentcoverstherest

選項(xiàng)：

第1題：「A「B「C「D

第2題；「A「B「c「D

第3題：「A「B「D

rc

第4題：「A「B「D

re

第5題：「A「B「c

答案：

第1題：E

第2題：C

第3題：B

第4題：F

第5題：A

解析；

7、

HowTwoGreatConflictsHelpedtoChangeEurope

NinetyyearsagoonasunnymorninginNorthernFrance,

somethinghappenedthatchangedB.retainandEuropeforevenAt

halfpastsevenonthemorningofJuly1,1916,whistles(哨子)blew

andthousandsofBritishsoldierslefttheirpositionstoattack

theirGermanenemies.Bytheendoftheday,20,000ofthemwere

dead,andanother30,000woundedormissing.TheBattleofthe

Somme,(51)itiscalled,lastedforsixmonths.When,

itended,125,000Britishsoldiersweredead.Theyhadgained

fivekilometersofground.

ThiswasoneofaseriesofgreatbattlesduringWWI.The

attackontheSommewasstagedtorelieve(52)onthe

French,whowereengagedinagreatbattleoftheirownataplace

calledVerdun.Bythetimethebattleended,overami11ionFrench

andGermantroopshadbeenkilled.

About17millionpeoplewerekilledinWWI.Therehave

beenwarswithgreaternumbersofdead.Buttherehasneverbeen

onein(53)mostofthedeadwereconcentratedinsucha

smallarea,ontheSommebattlefield,twomendiedforeverymeter

ofspace.

Localfarmersworkinginthelandsit(54)the

bodiesofthosewhodiedinthatbattle.Thedeadofallnations

wereburiedinaseriesofgiantgraveyardsalongthelineofthe

border(55)FranceandBelgium.Relativesand

descendants(子孫)ofthosewhodiedstillvisitthese

graveyardstoday.WhattheFrenchcallthe"tourismof

death”(56)animportantcontributiontotheIowaeconomy.

IttookasecondgreatconflictbeforeEuropewasto

turn(57)waritself.Twenty一eightyearsaftertheSomme

battle),a、liberatingamylofBritish,AmericanandCanadian

troopstookbackthan500,000peoplewerekilled,

New(58)fromanotherGermaninvasion.More(59)were

built.

Twogreatconflictsacrosstwogenerationshelpedto

changetheEuropeanmindaboutwar.Germany,oncethemostwarlike

countryinEurope,isnowprobablymorein(60)ofpeacethan

anyother.OnemajorcauseofwarinEuropewasrivalry(競

爭)betweenFranceandGermany.TheEuropeanUnionwasspecifically

formed