teachingvocabulary詞匯教學(xué)省公開課一等獎全國示范課微課金獎?wù)n件

Teachingvocabulary1/48IntroductionofThisUnitTodiscusshowtoteachvocabulary.Althoughvocabularyisusuallyintegratedwiththeteachingofreading,westillconsideritnecessarytointroducewaystolearnandconsolidatevocabulary.2/48TeachingContent●Howtoteachvocabulary●

Whatstudentsneedtoknow●

Presentingvocabulary●

Consolidatingvocabulary●

Developingvocabulary

buildingstrategies3/48ReadthefollowingassumptionsaboutvocabularyinEnglishlearninganddecideifyouagreewiththemornot.

1.Avocabularyitemcanbemorethanoneword.2.Languagesconsistof“words”withequivalentsfromonelanguagetoanother.3.Vocabularycannotbetaught.

Itmustbelearnedbythe

individuals.4/484.Bothteachersandstudentsneedtoknowthatthereisadifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevocabulary.5.Thebestwaytoexplainvocabularyistotranslate.6.English-Englishexplanationsarethebestforvocabularyteaching.5/487.AnEnglish-Englishdictionaryisanimportantaidforstudents.8.Wordscanbetaughtandlearnedmosteffectivelyingroupsofwordswhicharerelatedtoeachotherinmeaning.6/489.Wordsmustbelearnedinlanguagecontexts.10.Ifwedonotusewords,wewillforgetthem7/48passiveandactivevocabulary

Thepassivevocabularyisthesetofwordswhichthestudentsrecognizeandunderstandwhentheyoccurinacontext,butwhichthestudentscannotproducecorrectly.

Theactivevocabularyisthesetofwordswhichthestudentsunderstand,canpronouncecorrectlyanduseconstructivelyinspeakingandwriting.8/48Whatisvocabulary?

Vocabularycanbedefined,roughly,asthewordsweteachintheforeignlanguage.However,anewitemofvocabularymaybemorethanasingleword.Therearealsomulti-wordidioms.Ausefulconventionistocoverallsuchcasesbytalkingaboutvocabulary“items”ratherthan“words”.9/48Task

Canyouthinkof5or6furtherexamplesofvocabularyitems,ineitherChineseorEnglish,thatconsistofmorethanoneword?10/48

Theimportanceofvocabulary

●Thesingularimportanceofvocabularyhasbecomeapowerfulinsighttoraiseachievement.●Thewordsweknowhelpusorganizeourlearning.●Thecreationofwordsisourtoolforincreasinglearning.●Vocabularyinstructionshouldbeafocalpointoflearning,especiallyforstudentsimpactedbypoverty.●Vocabularyinstructionisanexcellentadvanceorganizerbutalsomustbetaughtincontext.11/48

Vocabularyplaysanimportantpartinlearningtoread.Beginningreadersmustusethewordstheyhearorallytomakesenseofthewordstheyseeinprint.With100,000wordsintheEnglishlanguage,teachingvocabularycanseemlikeaverydauntingprospect.

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Task:

Discussandanswerthefollowingquestions:

1.WhatarethemostcommonwaysforChinesestudentstolearnvocabularyregardingEnglish?2.Similarly,whatarethemostcommonwaysforChineseteacherstoteachEnglishvocabulary,inprimaryschool,secondaryschoolanduniversity?13/48

Whatastudentmayneedtoknow?

1.Item-----Whatitmeans2.Theform3.

Howitispronounced4.

Howitisspelt5.Theconnotationsthattheitemmayhave6.Thesituationswhenthewordisorisnotused7.

Howthewordisrelatedtoothers8.Collocationorthewaythatwordsoccurtogether9.

Whattheaffixesmayindicateaboutthemeaning?

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Task(1)CanyouthinkoffiveorsixexamplesofitemsinEnglishwhosegrammaticalcharacteristicsarenotobviouslycoveredbyaregulargrammaticalrule,andwhichyouwouldthereforeneedtoteachwhenyouteachthem?(2)ThinkofthreeorfourtypicalcollocationsinEnglish,andtrytranslatingthemintoChinese.Dothecollocationstranslateexactly?Ifnot,whatkindsoflearning/teachingproblemsmightthisleadto,andwhatmightyoudoaboutit?15/48

Task(3)Howwouldyoupresentthemeaningsofthewordsswim,fame,childish,political,impertinence,kid,guy,andbastard?Forwhichwouldyoumentiontheirconnotations?Andtheirappropriatecontexts?(4)FindinbothChineseandEnglishatleastoneexampleforeachofthemaincategoriesofmeaningrelationships.16/48

Task(5)

WhatprefixesandsuffixesinEnglishwouldyouconsideritusefulforlearnerstoknow?(6)

Trytomarktheconnotationofthesewordsaspositive(+)ornegative(-):confidentstubbornextravagantmeanfamousarrogantdeterminedgenerousnotorious17/48

Task

(7)Whatisagroupof____called?ChoosethecorrectanswerfromColumnB.

18/48

ColumnA ColumnB Whatisagroupofantscalled?(1)________a.broodfish(2)________b.flockelephants(3)________c.bandlions(4)________d.colonygeese(5)________e.swarmbees(6)________f.gagglechickens(7)________g.pridegorillas(8)________h.herdsheep(9)________i.school19/48

Task

(8)Ticktheverbthatappropriatelygoeswiththenoun.

yourhomeworkanexerciseaneffortyourbestadressaspeechtheshoppingmakedo20/48

Presenting

newwords

I.Somesuggestionsforteachers1)prepareexamplestoshowmeanings.2)Askstudentstotellthemeaningfirst21/48

Presenting

newwords

3)Thinkabouthowtoshowthemeaningofawordwithrelatedwordssuchassynonyms,antonymsetc.4)Thinkabouthowtocheckstudents’understanding.22/48

Presenting

newwords

5)Thinkaboutthecontextinreallifewheretheirwordsmightbeused.6)Thinkaboutpossiblemisunderstandingandconfusionthatmayhave.23/48

TaskTwoteacherspresentedtheword"grumble".Belowarethedescriptionsofhowtheydidit.Workingroupsoffouranddiscusswhichwayismoreeffective.Trytogivereasonsforyourdecision.24/48

TaskTeacherA:a)wrote"grumble"ontheblackboard.b)said"complainaboutsomeoneorsomethinginanannoyedway"c)translatedthewordintothestudents'nativelanguage.d)gavemoreexamplesentencesforthestudentstotranslateintotheirnativelanguage.25/48

TaskTeacherB:said"somepelplegrumbleabouteverything.Forexample,theygrumbleabouttheweather.Ifitissunny,theysayitistoohot.Ifitiscool,theysayitistoocold.Theyareneverhappywiththeweather.Theyalwaysgrumbleabouttheweather".Thentheteachersetouttocheckthestudent'sunderstandingbyasking"Sowhatdoes'grumble'mean?"26/48

Herearemorewaystopresentandexplainvocabulary:a.Drawpictures,diagramsandmapstoshowmeaningsorconnectionofmeanings.b.Userealobjectstoshowmeanings.c.Mimeoracttoshowmeaningsd.Usesynonymsorantonymstoexplainmeanings.27/48

Herearemorewaystopresentandexplainvocabulary:e.Uselexicalsetsf.Translateandexemplify,especiallywithtechnicalwordsorwordswithabstractmeaning.g.Usewordformationrulesandcommonaffixes.28/48Againwhichyouchoosewilldependontheitemyouarepresenting.Somearemoresuitableforparticularwords.Oftenacombinationoftechniquescanbebothhelpfulandmemorable29/48

TaskWorkingroupsanddiscusswhattechniquesorcombinationoftechniquesyouwouldusetopresentthefollowingvocabularyitems.Choosefouritemsandgiveaminidemonstration.asponge,ahammer,alion,lazy,sad,toshave,toincrease,acoathanger,twomillion,reward,love,fight,atypist,aboxer,erase,sleepy30/48

Consolidatingvocabulary1.Labeling;2.Spottingthedifferences;3.Describinganddrawing;4.Playingagame;5.Usingwordthermometers;6.Usingwordseries;7.Wordbingo;8.Wordassociation;9.Oddmanout;10.Synonymsandantonyms;11.Usingwordcategories;12.Usingwordnet-work.13.Usingtheinternetresourcesformoreideas31/48

UsingwordseriesExample:Cutlery:knife,fork,spoonTransport:____________Vehicles:____________Furniture:____________Buildings:____________32/48

shoppercustomerclientbargainsellerpayshopbuymoneystoresellsalemarketpricediscountsupermarketgoodsreceiptWordbingo33/48

Usingwordcategories:

countriesmilk,typist,apples,pigs,shirts,Germany,chickens,Japan,shoes,oranges,peaches,wine,cows,butcher,tea,driver,Greece,socks,Turkey,trousers,banker,dogs,sheep,coffee,plums,pears DrinksFruitsAnimalsJobsClothes34/48

Usingwordnet-work:

sittingroombathroom

ktichen

bedroom

knife

HOUSE35/48

Developingvocabularybuilding

strategies1.Reviewregularly2.Guessmeaningfromcontext1)synonymsorantonymsinthecontext2)referencewords3)collocationsbetweenwords36/48

a)Somesentencestellthedefinitionforadifficultwordbymeansofpunctuationorcertainhelpwords.Forexample,dashes(------),parentheses(),Brackets[],commas,wordslikethatis,meaning,suchas,oriscalled.Maryfeltperturbed,thatis,greatlydisturbed,byhersister’saction.37/48b)Somesentencetellstheoppositeofwhatanewwordmeans.Fromitsoppositewecanfigureoutthemeaningoftheword.Afrugalpersonwouldneverspendmoneysofreely.Ifyouarefrugalyoudonotspendfreely,Frugalmustmean“tobecarefulaboutspendingmoney”.c)Usingyourownexperiencetofigureoutthedefinitionofaword.Feelingdepressed,Carlfrowned.Youknowfromyourexperiencethatafrownusuallymeans“unhappiness”.So“unhappy”shouldbeagoodguessforthemeaningofdepressed.38/48d).Sentencebeforeorafterasentencecontainingadifficultwordsometimesexplainthemeaningoftheword.Maryhadabubblingpersonality.Herenthusiasm,herlivelyactions,herexcitementatnewideasalwaysattractedpeople.Ineverknewsuchanebullientwoman.Thesesentencehelpsyouputtogetheradefinitionofebullient----overflowingwithexcitement.e)Somesentencesarejustwrittentogivedefinitionofdifficultwords–wordsreadersneedtoknowinordertounderstandwhattheyarereading.Impedimentsareobjectsthatstandinthewayofsomegoal.39/48f)Becausesomesentencesgiveexamplesforanewword,youcanbuildadefinition.Selectanyoneofthoseperiodicals:playboy,Readers’Digest,TimeMagazine.Thissentencedoesn’tsaythataperiodicalisamagazine,butyoucanfigurethatouteasilyfromtheexamples.g)Somesentencesuseawordyoudoknowtohelpexplainawordyoudon’tknow.Aformidableenemyisonetobefeared.Formidable---throughtheclueinthissentence–means“fearful”,or“dreadful”.40/48

Developingvocabularybuilding

strategies

3.Organizevocabularyeffectively1)imagesandassociations2)grouping(semanticmeaning,use,collocation,synonyms)4.Useadictionary5.Managestrategyuse6.Uselearnedvocabulary41/48

Alternativewaysofteachingvocabulary

1.Giveyourstudentsafewitemsofvocabularyandtellthemtofindthemeaning,pronunciationandwriteanexamplesentencewiththewordin.Theycanthenteacheachotheringroups.2.Prepareworksheetsandaskyourstudentstomatchwordstodefinitions.3.Askstudentstoclassifyagroupofwordsintodifferentcategories.Forexample,alistoftransportwordsintoair/sea/land.4.Askstudentstofindnewvocabularyfromreadinghomeworkandteachtheotherstudentsintheclass.42/48

Otherthingstoconsider1.Reviewthevocabularyyouteachthroughagameoractivityandencourageyourstudentstodothesameathome.2.Encourageautonomyinyourlearners.Tellthemtoread,watchfilms,listentosongsetc.andnotetheusefulwords.3.Haveasectionofyourboardforvocabularyitemsthatcomeupasyouareteaching.Usedifferentcolorsfortheword/thephonemics/theprepositions/thepartofspeech.43/48

4.Itisagoodideatoteach/learnwordswithassociatedmeaningstogether.5.Encourageyourstudentstopurchaseagooddictionaryanduseclasstimet