牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld1題型組合練課件

Unit4

Scientistswhochangedtheworld(1)ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠ.閱讀理解ATimothywasexhaustedforheworkedextendedhours.Althoughearningalowwageandhandlingill-manneredcustomers,healwaysputservingthosewhosatathistableswellonthefrontburnerofhismind.Hewentabouthisdailydutiescarefully,puttingonasmilingfaceascustomerscomplainedaboutthefoodorquestionedthebill.ⅠⅡⅢⅣUsuallyasnightdeepened,preparingtoclosethebusiness,hewouldnoticeacoupleofcustomerswalkin,sitdownandorderdrinks.Mostofthecrewhadleftbyclosingtime,butTimothystayedtoserve.Eventually,thelastroundwasorderedandhegavethemthebill.Theminimumtipwassuggestedonthereceipt.“Tomorrowwillbebetter,”hemurmured.Butluckwouldn’talwayssmileonhim.Eveningapproaching,agroupofteenagerssteppedin.Thankfully,theywerepoliteandrespectful.Theircheerfulbehaviorbegantoaffecthim.Asalways,hedidhisbesttomaketheirdiningexperienceapleasantone.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTimedraggedonandtheyfinishedtheirdrinks.Heplacedthebillonthetable,accompaniedwithsomecandies.Thegroupplacedtheirnotesonthereceiptandleftsmiling.Whenhereturnedtoclearthetable,hewasastonished.Atipof$3wassittingthere,staringathim,buttheirtotalbillamountedto$100.He’dgoneaboveandbeyondtoservethem.Howcouldtheybesorude?Laterthatweek,hebattledtobrushofftheawkwardmemories.Hearrivedatworkandexpectedittobelikeanyotherday,buttherewassomethingleftonthedeskforhim,atwohandwrittenletterfromtheteenagerswith$18attached,inwhichtheyexplainedtheywereunawareofhowtotipappropriatelyduetoitbeingtheirfirsttimeinthisbar.Everythingsuddenlymadesense.ⅠⅡⅢⅣTimothythumbedupwhattheydidwithabiggrinandhewassomovedbytheirgesturethatheuploadedapictureofthelettersharingtheiradmirableefforts.Thereactionwasmorethanpositive.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一群年輕人由于不了解小費(fèi)文化,給了太多小費(fèi),讓在餐廳工作的Timothy十分尷尬,還好最后年輕人認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己的問題,寫信解釋了原因。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.WhatdidTimothyfocusoninhisjob?A.Gettingmoretips.B.Workinglongerhours.C.Providingbetterservice.D.Beinganicercolleague.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Although

earning

a

low

wage

and

handling

ill-mannered

customers,he

always

put

serving

those

who

sat

at

his

tables

well...”可知,Timothy的工作重點(diǎn)是提供更好的服務(wù)。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatmadetheteenagersleaveatipof$3?A.Dissatisfactionwiththedrinks.B.Ignoranceofthetippingculture.C.GratefulnesstoTimothy.D.Misunderstandingofthebill.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“He

arrived

at

work

and

expected

it

to

be

like

any

other

day,but

there

was

something

left

on

the

desk

for

him,a

two

handwritten

letter

from

the

teenagers

with

$18

attached,in

which

they

explained

they

were

unaware

of

how

to

tip

appropriately

due

to

it

being

their

first

time

in

this

bar.”可知,這些青少年留下了3美元的小費(fèi)是因?yàn)椴涣私庑≠M(fèi)文化。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTimothy?A.Patientandhumorous.B.Positiveanddevoted.C.Generousandtolerant.D.Ambitiousandcreative.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段以及最后一段內(nèi)容可推知,Timothy是個(gè)積極、投入的人。故選B項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheteenagers?A.Onegoodturndeservesanother.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Apologiesmakeforharmony.D.It’sgoodtomakethingsright.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“He

arrived

at

work

and

expected

it

to

be

like

any

other

day...they

were

unaware

of

how

to

tip

appropriately

due

to

it

being

their

first

time

in

this

bar.Everything

suddenly

made

sense.”可推知,年輕人告訴我們:把事情做對(duì)是件好事。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBIsawtheSwedishfilmadaptation(starredbyTobiasAlmborgeandAnna-LenaBrudin)ofFredrikBackman’sincrediblyfunny,heartbreakingnovel“AManCalledOve”.Towardtheendofthatfilm,whichwasbeautifullywrittenanddirectedbyHannesHolm,thereisasceneinwhichOve,awidower(鰥夫)inhis60s,takeshisneighboursoutforadrive.Astheyridetogether,thenormallyunfriendlyandsevereOvesighs,allowshimselfararesmileandsays:“Thisisliving.”Mostviewersprobablydidn’tgivethislittlecommentofOve’sasecondthought.Forme,though,itmarkedtheturningpointofOve’ssearchforrenewedpurposeinhislife.ⅠⅡⅢⅣInOve,Backmanhascreatedacharacterwhoattimescanbeunreasonable,stubbornandevendownrightrude—thesortofmanwhoseshockingandmorallyunacceptablereactionstoeverydaysituationsbecomethesubjectofcomicanecdotesthatareretoldcountlesstimesbyenemiesandfriendsalike.ⅠⅡⅢⅣManyofthepeopletellingthosestoriesdon’trealize,though,thatmuchofOve’sstrangebehaviourisactuallyasymptomofhisprivateheartache.

Widowed,livingaloneandrecentlypushedintoretirement,OveisstrugglingattheoutsetofBackman’sstorytofindsomethingworthlivingfor,andhisunwillingnesstosharewithotherswhatheisgoingthroughservesonlytofurtherseparatehimfromtheworld.Ove’ssituationremindsmeoftheisolationweallfeltduringthepandemic.Isawalongwitheveryoneelsehowquicklylonelinessandisolationcaninfluenceharmony,drivingpeopleapartatatimewhenweneedtoconnecttoothersthemost.ⅠⅡⅢⅣOveisjustgoingonadrivewithneighbourswhenhesays,“Thisisliving,”butIthinkheisfeelingthewaymanyofusdidwhenthepandemicbecamelessseriousandwebegantoreconnectwiththeworld.Inthatmoment,Ovehasstartedtofindhisnewpurposejustbyallowingothersbackintohislifeandcaringforthem.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇影評(píng)。文章主要介紹作者對(duì)改編自弗雷德里克·巴克曼(Fredrik

Backman)非常的搞笑、令人心碎的小說《一個(gè)叫歐維的男人決定去死》的瑞典電影的評(píng)價(jià)。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Whoisthescreenwriterof“AManCalledOve”?A.TobiasAlmborge.B.Anna-LenaBrudin.C.FredrikBackman.D.HannesHolm.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Toward

the

end

of

that

film,which

was

beautifully

written

and

directed

by

Hannes

Holm”可知,這部電影是漢內(nèi)斯·霍姆(Hannes

Holm)寫的。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.WhatcanweknowaboutOve?A.Hewasbornwithabadtemper.B.Heispopularwithpeoplearound.C.Hehasintegratedhimselfintosociety.D.Hesuffersfromsocialanxietydisorder.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In

that

moment,Ove

has

started

to

find

his

new

purpose

just

by

allowing

others

back

into

his

life

and

caring

for

them.”可知,歐維已經(jīng)讓他自己融入社會(huì)中。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Ove’spresentlivingsituation.B.Theinfluenceofthepandemic.C.ThereasonsbehindOve’sstrangebehaviour.D.Theimportanceofrelationshipwithothers.√主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段可知,這一段主要講述歐維的許多奇怪行為的原因。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.Whatisthistext?A.Adiaryentry.B.Amoviereview.C.Abookintroduction.D.Ashortstory.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和第二段可知,這篇文章是電影評(píng)論。

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.七選五Left-handedpeoplemakeuparound12%oftheglobalpopulation.OnereallyinterestingfactthatIpickedupwasfromascientistwhobelievedthatleft-handedpeopletendedtobemoreindependentasaresultofhavingtoadapttoaworldthatislargelybuiltforright-handedindividuals.

1

More

likely

to

have

allergies

and

sleep

disordersAstudyfoundthatleft-handedpeoplewere11timesmorelikelytosufferfromallergiesthanright-handedfolk.

2

ⅠⅡⅢⅣLeft-handed

people

use

the

right

side

of

the

brain

the

most

3

meaningthattherightsidecontrolstheleftsideofthebodyandtheotherwayaround.Hencethereisawell-knownsaying“onlyleft-handedpeopleareintheirrightminds”.Theright-handsideofthebrainisthoughttocontroltheleftsideofthebodyandtaskstodowiththeartsandcreativity.

Are

left-handed

people

smarter?

4

One2007study“Effectofhandednessonintelligencelevelofstudents”showsthatleftiesaremorelikelytohavehigherIQ.However,another2010study“Therelationshipbetweenhandpreference,handperformance,andgeneralcognitiveability”suggeststheexactopposite!

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

5

Experimentsshowedthatwhengiventwotaskstocompletesimultaneously(同時(shí)),leftiesperformedbest.Thisisbecauseright-handedpeopletendtosolveproblemsbybreakingthemdownintopartsandanalyzingeachpieceoneatatime.Whileleft-handedpeopletendtolookattheproblemasawholeandusepattern-matchingtotryandsolveit.ⅠⅡⅢⅣA.BetteratmultitaskingB.Smarterthantheright-handedC.Asweknow,thebrainiscross-wired,D.Thisonevariesdependingonhowdatedyoursourceis!E.Hereareafewmorefascinatingleft-handedpeoplefacts!F.Mixed-handedchildrenaremorelikelytoexperiencelanguageissues.G.Andleftiesweretwoandahalftimesmorelikelytosufferfromsleepdisorders.ⅠⅡⅢⅣ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于左撇子的一些有趣的事情。1.E

根據(jù)上文可知,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)左撇子更獨(dú)立,瀏覽下文可知接下來文章主要講的是左撇子的一些有趣的事情,全文是總—分的結(jié)構(gòu),由此推知,空處承上啟下。E項(xiàng)“Here

are

a

few

more

fascinating

left-handed

people

facts!”承接上文,引出下文,符合上下文語境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.G

根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“More

likely

to

have

allergies

and

sleep

disorders”可知,本段主要講的是左撇子更容易過敏和有睡眠障礙。根據(jù)空前“A

study

found

that

left-handed

people

were

11

times

more

likely

to

suffer

from

allergies

than

right-handed

folk.”可知,此處講的是左撇子更容易患過敏癥,所以可以推斷接下來應(yīng)該講的是睡眠障礙問題。G項(xiàng)“And

lefties

were

two

and

a

half

times

more

likely

to

suffer

from

sleep

disorders.”指出了左撇子更容易患有睡眠障礙,符合上下文語境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.C

根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Left-handed

people

use

the

right

side

of

the

brain

the

most”可知,本段主要講的是左撇子更多地使用右腦。根據(jù)空后“meaning

that

the

right

side

controls

the

left

side

of

the

body

and

the

other

way

around”可知此處是在對(duì)左右腦的交叉控制這一事實(shí)進(jìn)行解釋,所以空處應(yīng)該指出大腦是交叉控制的這一事實(shí)。C項(xiàng)“As

we

know,the

brain

is

cross-wired,”符合上下文語境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.D

根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Are

left-handed

people

smarter?”可知,本段主要圍繞著左撇子是不是更聰明來展開。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知,關(guān)于左撇子的智商問題,不同日期的研究結(jié)果是不一樣的。空處位于段首,應(yīng)是對(duì)全段的概括,所以空處應(yīng)該講關(guān)于左撇子是不是更聰明這個(gè)問題的答案與消息來源的日期有關(guān)。D項(xiàng)“This

one

varies

depending

on

how

dated

your

source

is!”既回答了小標(biāo)題的提問,同時(shí)也概括了全段,而且D項(xiàng)中的This

one指代小標(biāo)題的問題,符合上下文語境。5.A

根據(jù)本部分內(nèi)容可知,左撇子在解決問題時(shí)更傾向于整體解決問題?？仗帪楸径涡?biāo)題,所以空處應(yīng)該講的是左撇子的另外一個(gè)有趣的事實(shí)——更善于把問題看作一個(gè)整體來解決。A項(xiàng)“Better

at

multitasking”指出左撇子善于處理多項(xiàng)任務(wù),符合上下文語境。故選A項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.語法填空Thestonelioniscarvedoutofstone,1.

isthecommonornament(裝飾物)intraditionalChinesearchitecture,suchastemples,bridges,gardensandsoon.Alionindicates2.

(safe)andluckinChina.

whichsafetyItissaidthatthelion3.

(introduce)intoChinaintheHanDynastyfromtheWesternRegion.InChineseculture,alionis4.

mythical(神話的)figureratherthanrealanimal.Afteritsintroduction,aliongraduallybecamethemascotoutsidethegate,forChinesepeoplethinkthatalioncandriveawaytheevilspirits.Anothersayingofwhypeopletakethestonelion5.

thegatekeeperisrelatedtothepronunciationofthestonelion(Shishi)inChinese.Stonesoundslike“Shi”inChinesewiththemeaningofsolid,andthesecond“Shi”6.

(refer)tolionsoundssimilarto“Si”whichmeans“tothinkabout”.

was

introducedaasreferringⅠⅡⅢⅣStonelionshavetheobviouslocal7.

(feature).ThelionsfromtheSouthare8.

(vivid)withmanysculpturesthanthelionsfromthenorthernChina.Thestonelioniscarved9.

(base)onakindofarchitecturalornamentfrequentlyusedasthebasefordecentbuildings.10.

(general),thelocationofthestonelionissettledwiththefemaleintherightsideandthemaletheleftaccordingtotraditionalChineseYinandYangphilosophy.

featuresmore

vividbasedGenerallyⅠⅡⅢⅣⅠⅡⅢⅣ【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國文化中的石獅。1.which

考查關(guān)系代詞。句中先行詞為stone

lion,在非限制性定語從句中作主語,所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。2.safety

考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)并列連詞and后名詞luck可知,用名詞形式作賓語。故填safety。3.was

introduced

考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in

the

Han

Dynasty可知,用一般過去時(shí)。主語the

lion為單數(shù),與introduce之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was

introduced。4.a

考查冠詞。名詞figure為可數(shù)名詞,泛指,且mythical發(fā)音為輔音音素開頭,故填a。5.as

考查介詞。take...as...把……當(dāng)作……。故填as。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.refe