高考英語完整版準(zhǔn)備考一輪講義（譯林版）必修五Unit2Theenvironment

Unit2Theenvironment自然與環(huán)境之(三)——環(huán)境保護(hù)[一積詞匯見多識廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．debaten．&vi.辯論；爭論，討論2.recyclevt.&vi.回收利用3．greedyadj.貪婪的，貪心的4.creditn．贊揚(yáng)；信用5．a(chǎn)rrestvt.&n．逮捕6.clapvi.&vt.鼓掌，拍手7．conflictvi.沖突，抵觸n．沖突，矛盾8.floodn．洪水vt.&vi.淹沒9．rangen．范圍vi.&vt.變化；排列10.decaden．十年(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫其形1．dutyn．責(zé)任，義務(wù)，本分2.responsibilityn．責(zé)任，職責(zé)3．quantityn．?dāng)?shù)量4.willingadj.愿意的，樂意的5．decreasevt.&vi.&n．減少6.measuren．措施vt.測量7．particularadj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的(三)拓展詞匯靈活用*1.productionn．產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)→producevt.&vi.生產(chǎn)，制造→productn．產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物2.beliefn．看法；信念→believevt.相信*3.environmentaladj.環(huán)境的→environmentn．環(huán)境4.operatevt.&vi.經(jīng)營；動手術(shù)→operationn．操作；經(jīng)營；手術(shù)→operatorn．操作員；話務(wù)員5.arrivaln．到來，抵達(dá)；到達(dá)者→arrivevi.到達(dá)*6.impressvt.使印象深刻→impressionn．印象→impressiveadj.給人印象深刻的7.illegaladj.非法的→legaladj.合法的→illegallyadv.非法地8.appreciatevt.欣賞，贊賞；感激；領(lǐng)會→appreciationn．欣賞；鑒別；感激9.electricaladj.電的，用電的→electricadj.電的；用電的；能發(fā)電的→electricityn．電；電學(xué)；電流*10.consumevt.消耗，耗費(fèi)；消費(fèi)→consumern．消費(fèi)者，用戶，顧客→consumptionn．消費(fèi)*11.absorbvt.吸收；理解；使全神貫注→absorbedadj.全神貫注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorptionn．專注；吸收用上面加*號的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Thismonth,theyhaveincreasedproductionandproducedtwiceasmanyproductsastheydidlastmonth.2．MyparentsoftenimpressedtheimportanceofhonestyonmewhenIwasyoung,whichleavesadeepimpressiononme.3．Goodnaturalenvironmentisvitaltous.Weshouldn'tsacrificeenvironmentalprotectiontopromoteeconomicgrowth.4．Expertsadviseconsumersnottobuymoregroceriesuntilthey'vealreadybeenconsumed.Thisiscalledrationalconsumption.5．Absorbedinhiswriting,thewriteralwaysforgetstoeatanddrink.Hisabsorptioninworkisadmirable.[話題單詞積累]1．environment/?n'va?r?nm?nt/n．環(huán)境2．surroundings/s?'ra?nd??z/n．環(huán)境3．a(chǎn)tmosphere/'?tm?sf??(r)/n.大氣4．pollute/p?lu?t/vt.污染5．waste/we?st/n.廢料；垃圾6．noisy/'n??zi/adj.嘈雜的；喧鬧的7．smelly/'smeli/adj.有臭味的8．radiation/re?di'e??n/n.放射，放射物9．emission/i'm??n/n.排放10．rubbish/'r?b??/n.垃圾；廢物11．forbid/'f?b?d/vt.禁止12．permit/'p?m?t/vt.&n.許可，允許13．proper/'pr?p?(r)/adj.恰當(dāng)?shù)模m當(dāng)?shù)?4．punish/'p?n??/vt.懲罰15．reduce/'r?dju?s/vt.減少16．prevent/'pr?vent/vt.阻止，防止，預(yù)防17．a(chǎn)dvocate/'?dv?ke?t/vt.擁護(hù)，支持，提倡18．substitute/'s?bst?tju?t/vt.取代19．environmental-friendlyadj.環(huán)保的20．crammed/kr?md/adj.擁擠的21．serious/'s??ri?s/adj.嚴(yán)重的22．harmful/'hɑ?mfl/adj.有害的23．substance/'s?bst?ns/n.物質(zhì)24．survive/s?'va?v/vt.&vi.幸免于，幸存25．survival/s?'va?v(?)l/n.存活，幸存26．habitat/'h?b?t?t/n.棲息地27．endangered/?n'de?nd??d/adj.瀕危的28．extinct/?k'st??kt/adj.滅絕的29．decline/d?'kla?n/vi.降低；下降30．protect/pr?'tekt/vt.保護(hù)31．increase/?n'kri?s/vi.增加32．decrease/d?'kri?s/vi.減少33．creature/'kri?t??(r)/n.生物，動物34．wildlife/'wa?ldla?f/n.野生動物35．species/'spi??i?z/n.物種36．ecology/?'k?l?d??/n.生態(tài)，生態(tài)學(xué)[二積短語頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1.open_the_floor自由發(fā)言2.result_in導(dǎo)致*3.cut_back_on減少，削減，縮減4.use_up用盡*5.run_out_(of)用完，耗盡6.cause/do_damage_to對……造成危害7.clean_up打掃(或清除)干凈8.queue_up排隊(duì)等候*9.pick_out找出，挑選*10.under_way進(jìn)行中11.in/with_regard_to關(guān)于，至于12.let_off排放13.in_use在使用中*14.in_particular尤其，特別15.do_one's_part盡自己的職責(zé)(二)用上面加*號的短語完成下列句子1．Thefoodpricesaregoingup,sowewillcut_back_ontheuseofsomeexpensivevegetables.2．Canyoupick_outyourfriendfromthatgroupofpeople,whoarechattinghappilyoverthere?3．Wemustactquicklybecausetimeisrunning_out.Themanagersaidwemustfinishtheprojectontime.4．Asforthekindsofstories,Iaminterestedinmostofthemingeneral,anddetectivestoriesin_particular.5．Thedesignofthenewcariswellunder_wayandyoucanexpecttohaveitwithinamonth.6．Thisconcludesourpresentation.Nowlet'sopen_the_floorforquestions.[話題短語積累]1．carbondioxide二氧化碳2．greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)3．nuclearenergy/power核能4．letoffwastegas排放廢氣5．be/liveinharmonywith與……和諧共處6．prevent/protect...from阻止/保護(hù)……7．havea(n)...effecton...對……有……影響8．makeproperuseof合理利用9．keepthebalanceof...保持……的平衡10．a(chǎn)ttachgreatimportanceto十分重視11．be/beeawareof意識到12．onaccountof因?yàn)椋捎?3．useup/runoutof用光，耗盡14．raisetheawarenessof喚醒……的意識15．livealow-carbonlife過低碳生活16．callon/appealtosb.todosth.號召/呼吁某人做某事17．thereisnodenying/doubtthat...毫無疑問，毋庸置疑18．doharmto.../beharmfulto...對……有害[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)＋what從句[例句]Theworld'spopulationhasgrownbysixtimeswhatitwasin1800.[仿寫]現(xiàn)在全運(yùn)會的運(yùn)動員人數(shù)是十年前的兩倍多。(2017·天津高考寫作佳句)NowadaysthenumberoftheathletesintheNationalGamesistwice_what_it_wastenyearsago.2．likeit＋when從句[例句]Ilikeditwhenyoutoldthatjoke.[仿寫]如果你事先讓我知道你的決定，我將不勝感激。(2017·全國卷Ⅱ滿分作文)Iwouldappreciate_it_ifyouletmeknowyourdecisioninadvance.3．the＋比較級...,the＋比較級...[例句]Therefore,themorepetrolandelectricityweconsume,themorecarbonwearelettingoff.[仿寫]你睡覺前攝入的脂肪越多，晚上就對你的身體造成越大的負(fù)擔(dān)。The_more_fatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,the_greater_burdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.[話題佳句背誦]1．Manypeopleworrythatourenergywillrunoutquicklyifweuseitinanuncheckedway.許多人擔(dān)心，如果不控制能源的使用的話，我們的能源將會很快被耗盡。2．Plentyofrubbishandwastewaterarebeingpouredintotherivers;asaconsequence,watersourceshavebeebadlypolluted.大量的垃圾和廢水正涌入河流，結(jié)果，水源被嚴(yán)重污染。3．Itiswellknownthattheglobalwatershortageisbeingincreasinglysevereduetoglobalwarming.眾所周知，由于全球變暖，全球水資源短缺(問題)正變得日益嚴(yán)重。4．Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbeingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitiesthathavecausedthisglobalwarming.毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和，全球變暖正是人類活動所致。5．Havingrealizedthegreatharmcausedbythehazeandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment,peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethehazyweather.由于意識到了霧霾造成的嚴(yán)重危害和保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性，全國人民正采取措施減少霧霾天氣。[四背語段語感流暢]Withtheimprovementofourlivingstandard,moreandmorepeoplecanaffordacar.Asaresult,ourroadsareoftencrammedwithcars.Withmoreandmorewastegasbeingletoffbythecars,theproblemofairpollutionbeesevenmoreserious.Sonowadaysweadvocatetoleadalow-carbonlife.隨著我們的生活水平的提高，越來越多的人都買得起汽車。因此，路上往往塞滿了汽車。隨著汽車排放的廢氣越來越多，空氣污染問題變得更加嚴(yán)重。所以現(xiàn)在我們提倡過低碳生活。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．quantityn．?dāng)?shù)量[教材原句]MsLinsuggestedweshouldcutbackonthequantityofthingsweproduceinordertosavetheenvironment.林女士建議我們應(yīng)當(dāng)縮減生產(chǎn)量來拯救環(huán)境。許多/大量……eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(aquantityof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可,數(shù)名詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù),quantitiesof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可,數(shù)名詞作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)))inquantity/inlargequantities大量地①Alargequantityofair-conditionershas_been_sold(sell)sincethetemperatureishigh.因?yàn)闅鉁睾芨?，有大量空調(diào)售出。②Withmoreandmoreforestscutdown,largequantitiesofsoilare_being_washed(wash)away.由于越來越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被沖走。③It'scheapertobuygoodsin_quantity/in_large_quantities.大批量購貨較便宜。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“許多/大量……”的短語還有：anumberof只接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；agreatdealof,agreatamountof,largeamountsof只接不可數(shù)名詞。④Agreatnumberofcollegegraduatesare(be)seekingtogetahigh-paidjob.很多大學(xué)畢業(yè)生都想找一份高薪工作。2．impressvt.使印象深刻；蓋??；使銘記，使牢記[教材原句]Asaresult,youimpressedtheaudience.因此，你給聽眾留下了深刻印象。(1)impresssb.withsth.＝impresssth.on/uponsb.使某人牢記某事beimpressedwith/by/at...對……印象深刻(2)impressionn.印象leave/makeanimpressiononsb.給某人留下印象(3)impressiveadj.令人贊嘆的；令人難忘的①M(fèi)yfatherimpressedthevalueofhardworkon/uponme.＝Myfatherimpressed_me_with_the_value_of_hard_work.我父親要我牢記努力工作的重要性。②Hewas_impressed_withBenjamin'sdrawings.(2017·6月浙江高考閱讀)本杰明的畫給他留下了深刻的印象。③ThebeautifulsceneryofGuilinneverfailstoleave_a_deep_impression_onitsvisitors.桂林的美景總是讓游客印象深刻。3．measuren．[C]措施，方法；尺度vt.測量；估量，判定linkingverb(指尺寸、長、寬、高等)量度為[教材原句]Thecentrehasover300scientistsdevotedtofindingmeasuresthatwillstopdesertification.該中心擁有300多位科學(xué)家，他們致力于尋找阻止沙漠化的措施。[一詞多義]寫出句中measure的含義①Wemustpayattentiontotheseproblemsandtakeeffectivemeasurestosolvethem.措施②Thislinemeasuresfourtimesaslongasthatone.量起來是③Itseemedasifthesuitwasmadetohisownmeasure.尺度④Didyoumeasurethedistancebetweenthetwodevelopmentzones？測量(1)measure...by...用……來衡量……bemeasuredby/in用……來衡量/計算(2)takemeasures/steps/actiontodosth.采取措施做某事makesth.tosb.'smeasure照某人的尺寸做某物⑤Theperformanceofenterpriseswas_measured_byprofits.企業(yè)的業(yè)績是以利潤來衡量的。⑥Weshouldtake_appropriate_measurestoimproveourteaching.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧﹣硖岣呓虒W(xué)質(zhì)量。[名師點(diǎn)津]measure意為“有……長(寬、高、重)”時，為連系動詞，常用主動形式。⑦Ourclassroommeasures(measure)6metresby10metres.我們教室長10米寬6米。4．rangen．(變動)范圍，幅度；一系列；分類；射程；山脈vt.&vi.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括；排列，排序[教材原句]Norisitgoodnewsforthewiderangeoffishandwildlifethatliveinoralongtheriver.對于生活在江中或其沿岸的大量魚類和野生動植物來說，這也不是好消息。[一詞多義]寫出句中range的含義①Collectingstampswiththemesisespeciallypopularamongteenagersbecausethereisawiderangeofchoicesforthem.范圍②Thetwocountriesareseparatedbyarangeofmountains.山脈③Thetemperaturerangesbetween28and35degreescentigradeinJulyinthiscity.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化④Thesemissileshavearangeof300miles.射程(1)awiderangeof一系列……within/inrangeof在……范圍內(nèi)beyondone'srange某人能力達(dá)不到的(2)rangefrom...to...在……范圍內(nèi)變動rangebetween...and...在……和……之間變動⑤Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,ranging_frombutterfliestoelephants.國家公園有許多的野生動物，從蝴蝶到大象等等。⑥A_range_ofbuildingshavesprungupalongtheriver.沿河建起了一排建筑物。⑦Whendrivingonexpressways,thedrivermustcontrolhisorherspeedwithin/in_range_of60km/hand120km/h.當(dāng)在高速路上駕駛時，司機(jī)必須把他或她的速度限制在每小時60公里到每小時120公里之間。5．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.欣賞，贊賞；感激；領(lǐng)會，理解[教材原句]TheeffortsoftheChinesegovernmentandpeopletoprotectthismuch-lovedriverwillbeappreciatedforyearstoe.中國政府和人民保護(hù)這條深受喜愛的河流的努力在未來年月里會被贊賞。(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing重視/感激……Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……，我將不勝感激(2)appreciationn.欣賞；感激①I'dappreciateyourwriting(write)mebackassoonaspossible.你盡早回信我將感激不盡。②I'd_appreciate_it_ifyoucoulddomeafavour.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))如果你能幫助我我將感激不盡。③HereIsincerelyexpressmyappreciation(appreciate)ifyoucouldhelpfindthelostsuitcase.如果你能幫我找到丟失的箱子，我會真誠地表達(dá)我的感激之情。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)appreciate,hate,dislike,love,like,depend/relyon等詞后接賓語從句時，一般先加it，再接賓語從句。6．particularadj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的[教材原句]Inparticular,metalproductsandpaperproductsrequirealotofenergytoproduce,soyoushouldfindwaystousetheseagainwithoutthrowingthemaway.生產(chǎn)金屬產(chǎn)品和紙制產(chǎn)品尤其需要大量能源，因此你應(yīng)該找到方法重新利用它們而不是將它們?nèi)拥?。beparticularabout對……講究/挑剔particularly＝inparticularadv.尤其；特別；格外①Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon'tbetooparticularaboutherjob.她已經(jīng)盡了最大的努力。請不要對她的工作太挑剔了。②HestudiesinparticularthefishesoftheIndianOcean.他專門研究印度洋的魚類。③Weareparticularly(particular)gratefultohimforhistimelyhelp.我們特別感謝他的及時幫助。7．a(chǎn)bsorbvt.吸收(氣體、液體、熱、光等)；理解；使全神貫注[教材原句]Lastbutnotleast,youcanplantatree,becausetreesabsorbthecarbondioxideintheairtoproduceoxygen.最后但同樣重要的是，你可以種植一棵樹，因?yàn)闃淠究晌湛諝庵械亩趸?，制造氧氣?1)absorbone'sattention吸引某人的注意absorb...into...把……吸收進(jìn)……(2)absorbedadj.全神貫注的(be)absorbedin...全神貫注于……①Agoodbookcanabsorb_our_attentionsopletelythatforthetimebeingweforgetoursurroundings.一本好書能如此徹底地吸引我們的注意力，以至于我們暫時忘掉了我們周圍的環(huán)境。②Manyintellectualshavebeen_absorbed_intotheParty.許多知識分子被吸收入黨了。③Absorbed(absorb)inthebook,thegirldidn'tnoticehermotherein.那個女孩兒專心看書，沒有注意到她的媽媽進(jìn)來。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]beabsorbedin(doing)sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語、定語時，常用其過去分詞形式absorbedin...。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：①belostin...陷入……；專心致志于……②becaughtin...被困在……③beburiedin...埋頭于……④bedevotedto...致力于……；專心于……⑤beoccupiedin...忙于……⑥beinvolvedin...專注于……[自主練通詞匯]1．responsibilityn．責(zé)任；職責(zé)單句語法填空①Weneedtotaketheresponsibilityforlookingafterourownhealth.②Thebusdriverisresponsible(responsibility)forthepassengers'safety.2．beliefn．看法；信念補(bǔ)全句子①與大家的看法相反，他對這出悲劇沒有責(zé)任。Contrarytopopular_belief,_hewasnotresponsibleforthetragedy.②他到我這里來是相信我能幫助他。Hecametomein_the_belief_thatIcouldhelphim.③他們的居住條件令人難以置信。Theconditionstheyarelivinginarebeyond_belief.3．operatevt.經(jīng)營，管理；操作vi.動手術(shù)；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)寫出句中operate的含義①Peopleweretrappedbetweenfloorsbecausetheliftdidn'toperateproperly.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)②Nomatterwhichmachineheoperates,hewilldealwithitcarefully.操作③Ifthedoctorhadoperatedonhimearlier,hewouldn'thavedied.動手術(shù)④Theyoperatethreefactoriesandahugewarehouse.經(jīng)營4．conflictvi.沖突，抵觸介、副詞填空①Ifso,yourpointsofviewareboundtoconflictwithhis.②Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.③Theycameintoconflictwitheachotheroverthehousework.5．decreasevt.&vi.&n．減少單句語法填空①Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasedfrom1,500to1,200thisyear.②ThenumberofpeoplegoingtoInternetcafeshasdecreasedby7%.③Thetruthisthatthenumberofstudentsineachclassisonthedecrease.④Thehightemperaturetomorrowwilldecreaseto28degreesCelsius.[名師點(diǎn)津]decreaseto“減少到”；decreaseby“減少了”。6．floodn．洪水，水災(zāi)；大批，大量vt.(被)淹沒vi.泛濫；大量涌入；涌上心頭寫出句中flood的詞性和含義①Thevillagerswerefrightenedtoseethattheriverwouldburstitsbankandfloodtheirhome.vt.(被)淹沒②Hadn'tthereservoirbeenbuilt,therewouldhavebeenaterribleflood.n．洪水，水災(zāi)③Ifariverfloods,itistoofullandspreadswateroverthelandaroundit.vi.泛濫④Theycouldsuddenlyaffordtobuyhouseholdgoodsthankstoafloodofimportsfromanothercountry.n．大批，大量⑤Ifelthappinessandrelieffloodingovermeaftermydaughtercamehomefromthefront.vi.涌上心頭[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thegovernmenthastakenmeasures(measure)torestraininflation.2．Weshouldberesponsible(responsibility)fortheworkandkeepteamworkspiritinmind.3．Thenumberofcyclistsrunningtrafficlightsison_thedecrease.4．Largequantitiesofclothesandfoodhave_been_provided(provide)forthepeopleinthedisasterareathatsufferedfloodsrecently.5．Ireallyappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesuchanopportunitytoshowmytalent.6．Itisespeciallyimportanttomakeagoodfirstimpression(impress)atajobinterview.7．ItisknownthattheBritishareratherparticularabouttablemanners.8．It'sbeyondbeliefthat_a14-year-oldgirlcouldbreaktheprovincialhighjumprecord.9．Shefoundherselfinconflictwithherparentsoverherfuturecareer.10．Absorbed(absorb)inhiswork,hesimplyforgottohavesupperandsleep.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Stevewasinaparticularbadmoodwhenhegotback.particular→particularly2．Myfathercaughtabigfish,measuredonemeterlong.measured→measuring3．Thenovelwassoabsorbedthatshereadonwithoutabreakevenforgettingfoodandsleep.absorbed→absorbing4．Iholdthefirmbeliefonlywheneverybodymakesaneffortcanoursocietybewarmerandmoreharmonious.belief后加that5．Ourbossoftenimpressedtheimportanceofcreativitywithus.with→on/upon6．I'dappreciateyoutowritemebackassoonaspossible.to_write→writing7．Thepatientwasingreatdanger,sothedoctorsdecidedtooperatetohimimmediatelyforhisheartdisease.第二個to→onⅢ.單句寫作(句型轉(zhuǎn)換/補(bǔ)全句子)1．Policebelievethatthesamemantakestheresponsibilityforthreeothermurdersinthearea.→Policebelievethatthesamemanisresponsibleforthreeothermurdersinthearea.2．ThelecturethatMr.Chenmadethismorningleft/madeadeepimpressiononthestudents.→Thestudentsweredeeplyimpressedby/with/atthelecturethatMr.Chenmadethismorning.3．如果您能給我一些關(guān)于如何解決這些問題的建議我將不勝感激。I_would_appreciate_it_ifyoucangivemesomeadviceonhowtosolvetheseproblems.4．北極夏季海冰正在以每十年超過7%的速度減少。Arcticsummertimeseaiceisdecreasing_byover7%adecade.5．過去，媽媽在春節(jié)來臨時總是為我量身做新衣服。Intheolddays,mymotheralwaysmade_new_clothes_to_my_own_measurewiththeSpringFestivaling.[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．cutbackon減少，削減，縮減[教材原句]Itisourdutytotrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.盡量削減生產(chǎn)，減少制造和購買物品的數(shù)量是我們的責(zé)任。cutacross/through抄近路穿過cutin插嘴，打斷(談話)cutoff切斷(供應(yīng))，中斷(通話等)；斷絕cutdown砍倒，削減，裁小cutup切碎①Itisimpoliteofchildrentocut_inwhentheirseniorsaretalking.長輩談話時，小孩子插嘴是不禮貌的。②Thewatersupplyhasbeencut_offtemporarilybecausetheworkersarerepairingoneofthemainpipes.供水已被暫時切斷，因?yàn)楣と苏诰S修一個主管道。③Tocut_downairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubway.為了減少空氣污染，我們應(yīng)該乘公交車或地鐵。2．runout(of)用完，耗盡[教材原句]Whatiftheyrunout?要是它們用完了怎么辦？runinto意外碰到；撞上；遇到(問題、困難等)；達(dá)到runacross偶然遇到；穿過runafter追求；追趕；追逐runaway逃離；突然離開①Shehasrun_out_ofhermoneyandmineisalsorunning_out.她已用光了她的錢，我的錢也快用光了。②Throughtheyears,I'drun_intoformerstudentswhowouldprovideupdatesonoldclassmates.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ完形)這些年，我偶然遇到過以前的學(xué)生，他們常常會提供一些他們老同學(xué)的最新情況。③Iran_acrosssomeoldloveletterswhileIwasclearingoutacupboard.我在清理柜子時偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些舊情書。[名師點(diǎn)津](1)runout＝giveout“用完，耗盡”，不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為物(時間、食物、金錢等)。(2)runoutof＝useup“用光，用完”，及物動詞短語，其主語一般為人。3．pickout找出，挑選；辨認(rèn)出，區(qū)分；領(lǐng)會，弄明白[教材原句]Therearealsothingsthatcanbedoneatanationalorinternationallevel,suchassharinginformationbetweencountriesandusingsatellitestopickoutareaslikelytobeaffectedbydesertification.從國家或國際層面上看，也有很多可為之事，如國家間共享信息和利用衛(wèi)星找出可能會受到沙漠化影響的地區(qū)。[一詞多義]寫出句中pickout的含義①Shewaspickedoutfromdozensofapplicantsforthejob.挑選②ThereweresomanypeopleattheconferencethatIcouldn'tpickhimout.辨認(rèn)出③Havingreadthepassagemanytimes,Ifinallypickedoutitsmainidea.領(lǐng)會pickup撿起；(偶然)學(xué)會；用車接；收聽到；(身體)好轉(zhuǎn)pickover挑選(把好的挑出來)pickandchoose挑揀，挑三揀四④It'ssurprisingthatyourbrotherpicked_upRussiansoquickly—hehasn'tlivedthereverylong.令人驚奇的是，你弟弟如此快就學(xué)會說俄語了——他在那兒生活的時間并不長。4．Iliked_it_whenyoutoldthatjoke.我喜歡聽你講那個笑話。(1)it在句中作形式賓語，when引導(dǎo)的從句為賓語從句。①M(fèi)omdoesn't_like/dislike/hate_it_whenwemakealotofnoise.媽媽不喜歡我們吵鬧。(2)除了like外，enjoy,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate,dependon,seeto等動詞或動詞短語后接if從句或when從句時，通常也應(yīng)先接it作形式賓語再接從句。②Ihate_it_ifyousaysuchthingsinpublic.我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說那樣的事。③I'dprefer_it_ifyouallowmetogowithyou.我更想你讓我和你一起去。④I'dreallyappreciate_it_ifyoucoulddriveKathytoschooltoday.假如你今天能開車送凱西去學(xué)校，我將不勝感激。5．Therefore,the_morepetrolandelectricityweconsume,the_morecarbonwearelettingoff.因此，我們消耗的汽油和電越多，排放的碳就越多。句中運(yùn)用了“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”句型。(1)意為“越……，就越……”，主、從句的兩個謂語是同時進(jìn)行的，表示一方隨另一方程度的變化而變化。(2)從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，第一個“the＋比較級”是表示條件的狀語從句(在表示將來意義時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來)；第二個“the＋比較級”是主句。(3)此結(jié)構(gòu)可以用省略形式。①Themoredifficultthequestionsare,the_less_likelyheistoanswerthem.問題越難，他回答出來的可能性就越小。②The_more_you_practise,_thebetteryouwillspeakEnglish.你的英語練得越多，就會說得越好。③Themore,the_better.多多益善。[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空withregardto，letoff，pickout，inparticular，cutbackon，resultin，setup，runoutof1．Wehaverun_out_ofmostofthecloth,andallwehaveleftisafewbitsandpieces.2．Thepanyhadtocut_back_onexpenditureinordertorepayitsdebt.3．Theboominbuildinghasresulted_inthelocallandbeingmorevaluablenowforhouses.4．Thegovernmenthasset_upaworkingpartytolookintotheproblemofdrugabuse.5._With_regard_tohissuggestionsweshalldiscussthemfullyatthemeetingtobeheldonSunday.6．Recentlywehavehadaheateddiscussiononwhetherwecanlet_offfireworkonSpringFestivalornot.7．Somanypeoplehavehelpedmewiththisbookthatitishardtopick_outthefewforspecialmention.8．Onebookin_particulartookhisattention:hereadseveralpageswithgreatinterest.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．媽媽越忙碌，她就越感到幸福。The_busiermymotherwas,thehappiershefelt.2．我寧愿星期天不用早起。I'dprefer_it_ifIdidn'thavetogetupearlyonSundays.3．那小舍坐落在山邊，隱約可見。Itwasjustpossibletopick_outthehutonthesideofthemountain.4．如果我再次駕駛考試失敗了怎么辦？What_ifIfailinthedrivingtestagain?5．如果你有了一份工作，務(wù)必要全力以赴地去干。Ifyouhaveajob,do_devote_yourself_toit.Ⅲ.句式升級1．Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodesthewillusuallybe.①If_a_man_is_more_learned,_he_will_usually_be_more_modest.(改為條件句)②The_more_learned,_the_more_modest.(改為省略句)2．Shewillehereagain,nodoubt.(改為同位語從句)→There_is_no_doubt_that_she_will_e_here_again.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文environment，takemeasures，responsibility，doone'spart，letoff，carbondioxide，recycle，cutdown1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①我們可以采取一些措施來保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境。Wecantake_some_measures_to_protect_our_environment.②有責(zé)任感是非常重要的。It'sveryessentialforustohavea_sense_of_responsibility.③只有意識到了保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性，我們才會盡職盡責(zé)。Wearewillingtodo_our_parts_for_itonlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.④我們應(yīng)該嘗試改變我們的生活方式，盡量不排放二氧化碳。對于那些沒用的東西，應(yīng)該將其回收利用，而不是把它們?nèi)拥簟eshouldchangeourlivingstyles,trying_not_to_let_off_carbon_dioxide.Insteadofthrowingawaythoseuselessthings,weshouldrecyclethem.⑤我們應(yīng)該盡力減輕對環(huán)境的傷害，以使我們生活得更美好。Weshouldtry_our_best_to_cut_down_the_harm_to_the_environmentinordertoliveabetterlife.2．升級平淡句用部分倒裝改寫句③Only_when_we_realize_the_importance_of_protecting_the_environment_are_we_willing_to_do_our_parts_for_it.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：firstly,secondly,aboveall)Wecantakesomemeasurestoprotectourenvironment.Firstly,it'sveryessentialforustohaveasenseofresponsibility.Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentarewewillingtodoourpartsforit.Secondly,weshouldchangeourlivingstyles,tryingnottoletoffcarbondioxide.Insteadofthrowingawaythoseuselessthings,weshouldrecyclethem.Aboveall,weshouldtryourbesttocutdowntheharmtotheenvironmentinordertoliveabetterlife.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——多重復(fù)合句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句WhatI'mheretosayisthathavingworkedwithmanyenvironmentalconsultants,Iknowthatahealthyenvironmentanddevelopmentshouldbepossibleatthesametime.本句是一個多重復(fù)合句。what引導(dǎo)主語從句，第一個that引導(dǎo)表語從句，第二個that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，havingworked...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。因那次拍電影的經(jīng)歷以及四年后出演TheSting的經(jīng)歷而建立起來的友誼源于一個事實(shí)：盡管我們存在年齡差距，但我們都遵循著劇院和直播電視平臺的傳統(tǒng)。真題長難句ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)本句為多重復(fù)合句，主句為Thefriendshiphaditsrootinthefact。其中，grewoutof...later為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞thefriendship;althoughtherewas...liveTV為that引導(dǎo)的thefact的同位語從句，從句中又含有although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句?！碍h(huán)境保護(hù)”與學(xué)生的生活緊密相關(guān)，高考中常以完形填空、閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的形式進(jìn)行考查。高考通過對此話題進(jìn)行設(shè)題考查，旨在讓考生多關(guān)注自己身邊的人和事物，讓他們意識到自己是社會的一分子，更是自然界的一部分，從而讓他們樹立環(huán)保意識，學(xué)會與大自然和諧相處。一、話題與語篇[考題示例](2017·江蘇高考閱讀D)OldProblem,NewApproaches[1]Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.[2]Whenitestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:“Thereisno‘one-size_fits_all’_adaptation.”Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.[3]Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebeemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothermunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(連接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.[4]ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel'sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel'sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.[5]IncreasingEarth'sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.[6]InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theouteisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslistof“100ideastosavetheplanet”．[7]Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisismonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.[8]Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.65．TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies________.A．a(chǎn)daptationisanever-changingprocessB．thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC．globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD．a(chǎn)daptationtoclimatechangeischallenging66．WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan'sproject?A．Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.B．Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.C．Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D．Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.67．WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A．Storingiceforfutureuse.B．Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.