復習題選擇改錯簡答題

IntroductionII.Multiplechoice1.ThedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadebytheSwisslinguist___intheearly20thcentury.A.Noam.Chomsky B.F.deSaussure C.CharlesHockett D.J.R.Firth 2.ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasmadebytheAmericanlinguist___inthelate1950’s.A.Noam.Chomsky B.F.deSaussure C.CharlesHockett D.J.R.Firth 3.Amodernlinguistwouldnotprefertobea(n)___.A.observer B.analyzer C.judge D.recorderII.Trueorfalsejudgement(f)1.Langueisconcretewhileparoleisabstract.Langueisrelativelystablewhileparolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.(f)2.SimilartoSaussure,Chomskythinksthatwhatlinguistsshouldstudyistheidealspeaker’sperformance,nothiscompetence.(f)3.Modernlinguisticsisprescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammarisdescriptive.(t)4.Modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthewritten.(t)5.TraditionalgrammarforcedlanguagesintoaLatin-basedframework.(f)6.Inmodernlinguistics,adiachronicapproachseemstoenjoypriorityoverasynchronicone.(t)7.“Languageisasystem”meansthatelementsoflanguagearecombinedaccordingtorules.(f)8.Languageisculturallyaswellasgeneticallytransmitted.(t)9.Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.(f)10.Inbroadsenseappliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguistictheoriesandprinciplestolanguageteaching,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.(t)11.Amodernlinguistisinterestedinwhatissaid,notinwhathethinksoughttobesaid.IV.Shortanswers3.Explainthedualityofstructureofhumanlanguage.Keys:II.Multiplechoice1.B 2.A 3.CIII.Trueorfalsejudgement1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.F11.TPhonologyII.Multiplechoice1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuprasegmentalfeature?A.phoneme B.stress C.tone D.intonationTheEnglishwordthatcontainsavoicelessbilabialunaspiratedstopis____.A.peakB.speakC.tipC.topicChineseisa(n)___language.A.intonationB.toneC.pitchD.stressTherulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalled_________.A.sequentialrulesB.combiningrulesC.assimilationrulesD.deletionrulesWhichofthefollowingisaminimalpair?A.fear,pear B.put,hut C.bit,beat D.beat,beastIII.Trueorfalsejudgement()2.Linguistsareinterestedinallsoundsproducedbyhumans.()3.The“same”soundsweclaimtohaveheardareinmostcasesonlyphoneticallysimilar,butrarelyphoneticallyidentical.()4.Narrowtranscriptionisnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooksforgeneralpurposes.()6.Aphonemeisaphonologicalunit,itisaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.()7.ThelocationofstressinEnglishdoesnotdistinguishmeaning.()10.Conventionallyphonemesareplacedwithinsquarebrackets,andphonesinslashes.IV.ShortanswerWhatisaminimalpair?Howisaphonedifferentfromaphoneme?Keys:Multiplechoice1-5 ABBACTrueorfalsejudgement2.F 3.T 4.F 6.T 7.F 10.FMorphologyMultiplechoice1.Whichofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisaboundmorpheme?A.inborn B.impossible C.quickly D.without2.Whichofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisafreemorpheme?A.readable B.westward C.clockwise D.freely3.Whichofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisaderivationalmorpheme?A.smaller B.stimuli C.interviewee D.John’s4.WhichofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisNOTaninflectionalmorpheme?A.oxen B.excited C.data D.encourage5.Howmanymorphemescanwefindintheword‘internationalize’?A.Three B.Four C.Five D.Six6.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtotheopenclasses?A.nounsB.verbsC.articlesD.adverbs7.Thewordcentralizationconsistsof_____syllablesasagainst_____morphemes.A.five/fiveB.five/fourC.four/threeD.four/four8.Theworduncomfortableconsistsof_____syllablesasagainst_____morphemes.A.four/threeB.five/twoC.five/threeD.three/five9.InmodernEnglish,whichofthefollowingisNOTafreemorpheme?A.ceiveB.ulcerC.escapeD.aspectIII.Trueorfalsejudgment()1.Boundmorphemescannotoccur“unattached”whilefreemorphemescanoccuralone.()2.Somemorphemesmayoccurinmanywords,combiningwithdifferentmorphemesbutforwhichitisdifficulttofindaconstantmeaning.()3.Inflectionalmorphemesareattachedtowordsormorphemes,buttheyneverchangetheirsyntacticcategory.Yettheyusuallyaddlexicalmeaningtothewordsormorphemes.()4.Itisoftenthecasethatcompoundshavethesamestresspatternsfromthenoncompoundedwordsequence.()6.Pronounsandarticlesfallintotheclosedclasses.()7.Wordslikeblackboard,international,sit-in,livingroomarecompounds.()8.Asforthecompoundgreenhouse,theprimarystressfallsonthesecondpartoftheword.()9.Asinglewordmaycontainoneormoremorphemes.()10.Toacertaindegree,themeaningofacompoundcanbeinferredfromitsmeaningsofindividualparts.()11.Suchaffixesas–or,-ize,-ishusedtoformthewordsactor,modernizeandchildisharecalledinflectionalaffixes.()12.Inflectionalaffixesareusedtoformnewwordswithnewlexicalmeanings.IV.ShortanswerHowareboundmorphemesdifferentfromfreemorphemes?2.Whatareinflectionalmorphemes?Keys:II.Multiplechoice1.B. 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.ATrueorfalsejudgement1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 6.T 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.T 11.F 12.F4 SyntaxII.Multiplechoice1.PhrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainthefollowingelementsEXCEPT___:A.head B.specifier C.complement D.inflection3.Whichofthefollowingistheheadofthephrase‘a(chǎn)verylovelygirl’?A.very B.girl C.a D.lovely4.ThefollowingunderlinedpartsaretermedspecifierEXCEPT___?A.listenattentively B.seldomsingsongs C.quiteright D.thatoldhouse5.Whichofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisthecomplementofthephrase?A.astoryaboutawolf B.cutthehair C.acarefulman D.oftenreadbooksKeys:Multiplechoice1.D 3.B 4.A 5.ASemanticsII.Multiplechoice1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationsbetween“Hewasabachelorallhislife”and“Henevermarriedallhislife”?Theformerissynonymouswiththelatter.Theformerisinconsistentwiththelatter.Theformerentailsthelatter.Theformerpresupposesthelatter.2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationsbetween“Thepolicestoppedtheminorsfromdrinking”and“Theminorsweredrinking”?Theformerissynonymouswiththelatter.Theformerisinconsistentwiththelatter.Theformerentailsthelatter.Theformerpresupposesthelatter.3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationsbetween“Shesawagirl”and“Shesawachild”?Theformerissynonymouswiththelatter.Theformerisinconsistentwiththelatter.Theformerentailsthelatter.Theformerpresupposesthelatter.4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestherelationsbetween“Marylikeswesternfood”and“Maryshowsnointerestinwesternfood”?Theformerissynonymouswiththelatter.Theformerisinconsistentwiththelatter.Theformerentailsthelatter.Theformerpresupposesthelatter.5.‘Thisisaball’isa___-placepredication.A.no B.one C.two D.three6.‘Ilikeyouandyoursister’isa___-placepredication.A.no B.one C.two D.three7.‘Kategavemeagift’isa___-placepredication.A.no B.one C.two D.three8.‘Itissunny’isa___-placepredication.A.no B.one C.two D.three9.‘Johnrunsquickly’isa___-placepredication.A.no B.one C.two D.three10.‘famous’and‘notorious’A.dialectalsynonyms B.collocationalsynonymsC.stylisticsynonyms D.synonymsthatdifferintheiremotivemeaning11.‘petrol’and‘gasoline’are___.A.dialectalsynonyms B.collocationalsynonymsC.stylisticsynonyms D.synonymsthatdifferintheiremotivemeaning12.‘a(chǎn)ccuse…of’and‘charge…with’are___.A.dialectalsynonyms B.collocationalsynonymsC.stylisticsynonyms D.synonymsthatdifferintheiremotivemeaning13.‘inquire’and‘a(chǎn)sk’are___.A.dialectalsynonyms B.collocationalsynonymsC.stylisticsynonyms D.synonymsthatdifferintheiremotivemeaning14.Whichofthefollowingpairofwordsarehomophones?A.ad---add B.lead(領(lǐng)導)---lead(鉛) C.mouth(口))---mouth(袋口) D.animal---cow15.Whichofthefollowingpairofwordsarehomographs?A.sew---sow B.lead(領(lǐng)導)---lead(鉛) C.mouth(口))---mouth(袋口) D.tec---tech16.Whichofthefollowingpairofwordsarecompletehomonyms?A.flour---flower B.tear(眼淚)---tear (撕掉) C.heroin---horoine D.criket---criket17.Therelationbetween‘furniture’and‘wardrobe’is___.A.homophony B.homography C.hoponymy D.polysemy18.‘beautiful’and‘ugly’are___.A.gradableantonyms B.ungradableopposites C.relationalopposites D.complementarysynonyms19.‘married’and‘unmarried’are___.A.gradableantonyms B.ungradableopposites C.relationalopposites D.complementarysynonyms20.‘employer’and‘employee’are___.A.gradableantonyms B.ungradableopposites C.relationalopposites D.complementarysynonymsIII.Trueorfalsejudgement()1.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.()2.Linguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.()3.Completesynonyms,i.e.synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstances,arefrequentlyseen.()4.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.()5.Somesentencesmaybegrammaticallywell-formed,yettheymaynotbesemanticallymeaningful.IV.ShortanswerHowissensedifferentfromreference?Keys:Multiplechoice1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.B10.D 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.A19.B 20.CTrueorfalsejudgement1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T6 PragmaticsII.Multiplechoice1.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopher___inthelate50’softhe20thcentury.A.JohnSearle B.JohnAustin C.PaulGrice G.LeechIII.Trueorfalsejudgement()2.JohnAustindistinguishedperformativesfromconstativesandstatedthatwhiletheformerwereverifiable,thelatterwereunverifiable.()3.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractandcontext-dependent,thatofanutteranceisconcreteandcontext-independent.()4.Themeaningofanutteranceisricherthanthemeaningofthesentenceonwhichtheutteranceisbased.()5.OfthethreespeechactsproposedbyAustin,linguistsaremostinterestedintheperlocutionaryact.IV.ShortanswerExplainGrice’sCooperativePrinciple.Keys:Multiplechoice1.B Trueorfalsejudgement2.F 3.F 4.T 5.FLanguageChangeII.MultiplechoiceOfthefollowingwords,____isanacronym. A.UNESCOB.E-MAILC.KentD.TVTheword“wife”usedtomean“afemaleperson”;nowitmeans“thespouseofaman”.Thewordhasundergoneasortofsemanticchangecalled____. A.wideningofmeaningB.narrowingofmeaning C.extensionD.borrowingThewordboxusedtomean“containermadeofboxwood”,butnowitmeans“containeringeneral”.Thisisanexampleof____. A.wideningofmeaningB.narrowingofmeaning C.extensionD.borrowing11.Backformationisatypeofword-formationbythe____ofasupposedaffixfroma____formalreadypresentinthelanguage. A.deletion…longerB.adding…shorter C.deletion…shorterD.adding…longerTrueorfalse2.()Englishhasagreatnumberofloanwords.3.()AmericanEnglishhassomeinfluencesonBritishEnglish.4.()Englishhasneverundergonesoundchange.7.()Allacronymsarepronouncedletterbyletter.11.()Blendingisaprocessofbothcompoundingandabbreviation.13.()SincetheSecondWorldWartherehasbeenatrendtowardsmuchgreaterformalityofexpression.Keys:Multiplechoice2.A 3.B 4.A 11.ATrueorfalsejudgement 2.T 3.T 4.F 7.F 11.T 13.FLanguageandsocietyII.TrueofFalseJudgement()1.Aspeechcommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoformacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyofalanguage.()2.Speechvarietyreferstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeakers.()3.Languageusedbymenandwomenhavesomespecialfeaturesoftheirown.()4.Maleandfemalespeechesarealsofoundtobedifferentintheuseofintonations.()5.Malespeechis,onthewhole,lessassertiveandthussoundstobemorepolitethanfemalespeech.()6.Standarddialectisaparticularvarietyofalanguagewhichisrelatedtoaparticulargroupoflanguageusers.()7.Standarddialectisbasedonaselectedvarietyofalanguage,usuallythelocalspeechofanareawhichisconsideredthenation’spoliticalandcommercialcenter.()8.Pidginstypicallyhavealimitedvocabularyandaveryreducedgrammaticalstructurecharacterizedbythelossofi