英語中考專題復習總結與訓練(含答案解析)5：-語法-強調句和倒裝句

專題五強調句和倒裝句知識點講解A強調句基本句型Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子剩余成分Itishethat/whomajorsinEnglish.ItisEnglishthathemajorsin.ItwasincollegethathemajoredinEnglish.ItisbecausehelovesEnglishthathemajorsinit.注意：1)在強調主語時，that后的謂語動詞要與被強調者保持人稱和數的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.2)即使被強調的主語是復數，主句中的謂語動詞也用單數。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.3)原句的謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在或將來的各種時態(tài)，用Itis…that(who)…;如果原句謂語動詞是過去各種時態(tài)，則用Itwas…that(who)…4）強調句型容易和句型Itis/was+名詞+that名詞從句混淆。如果把構成強調句型結構的詞Itis(was)…that(who)…去掉，被強調部分歸位后，應該能夠形成一個完整的句子(這也是判斷是否是強調句型的方法)。但后者的Itis/was…that是不可去掉的，否則that前的名詞就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面這個句子如去掉Itis/was…that就不再完整：Itwastheruleoftheschoolthatthepupilsshouldweartheirschooluniforms.5）強調句型還容易跟Itis/was+形容詞+that名詞從句這一句型混淆。如：Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that.....該句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句，常譯為”清楚(顯然,真的,肯定…)”是主語從句最常見的一種結構。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.6)強調句型可有如下變體：Itis/was變成“情態(tài)動詞+be”。如：Itmaybemybikethatheisriding.Itmusthavebeenthemanagerthatspoketoyou.二、強調謂語動詞用助動詞do來強調這是最常見的一種方式。當句中沒有其他的助動詞，我們可以在動詞前加do來表示強調。例如：Dobecarefulwiththatvase!務必小心那個花瓶!Idohopeyou’llstayforlunch.我真的希望你留下吃午飯。注意：用于表示強調的do可以有時態(tài)的變化，但其后的動詞要用原形。Hedoeslooktired.他確實顯得很疲倦。Hedidcomebutsoonwentback.他的確來過，但很快就回去了。Shedidwritetosaythankyou.她的確寫信向你道謝了。這樣用的do只用于現(xiàn)在時或過去式(即只有do,does,did這樣的形式)，不能用于進行時、完成時等形式(如不用于isdoing,hasdone等)。B倒裝句一、全部倒裝全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有:(1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語動詞常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.(2)表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首,謂語表示運動的動詞。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意:上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。Herehecomes.Awaytheywent.二、部分倒裝部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do,does或did,并將其置于主語之前。1句首為否定或半否定的詞語,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。Notuntil引出主從復合句,主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.注意:如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.2以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than.Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.3.so,neither,nor作部分倒裝以so/neither起首的倒裝句,結構為so/neither+謂語(助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞)+主語,用于說明上文所描述的情況也同樣適用于下文的人或物。該結構中謂語動詞的選擇在形式上要和上文的謂語保持一致,數要由下文的主語來決定。注意:在“so+謂語+主語”的結構中,主語是另外的人或物,而在“so+主語+謂語”的結構中,主語仍是上文的人或物,表示對上文所講事實的肯定或強調。Shecanplaythepiano,soshecan.她會彈鋼琴,她的確會。HecansingalotofEnglishsongs,socanshe.他會唱很多英語歌曲,她也是。ShespeaksEnglishverywell,sodoI.她英語說得好,我也是。LiLeihasn’treadthisbook,neitherhasLinFeng.李蕾沒看過這本書,林風也沒看過。Shehasfinishedthework.SohaveI.她已經完成了工作,我也完成了。Shewillgotoschool.Sowillhe.她將去學校,他也是。4.only在句首要倒裝的情況Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子為主從復合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.5.as,though引導的倒裝句as/though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前(形容詞,副詞,分詞,實義動詞提前)。注意:(1)句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。(2)句首是實義動詞,其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意:讓步狀語從句中,有though,although時,后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可連用6.其他部分倒裝(1)so…that句型中的so位于句首時,需倒裝。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.(2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。Mayyouallbehappy.(3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were,had,should等詞,可將if省略,把were,had,should移到主語之前,采取部分倒裝。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.鞏固練習1.Itwasyesterday__________thetwins____________whatTVprogrammestowatch.A.when,arguedwith B.when,arguedaboutC.that,arguedabout D.that,arguedwith2.Itwasin1969________theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.that B.which C.inwhich D.when3.Itisin1960______ChinesefirstputoutflagonMountQomolangma.A.when B.that C.which D.inwhich4.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincethenintheprimaryschool_______Iamstudying.A.where B.that C.which D.there5.Itwasinthesupermarket________Imethim.A.that B.where C.which D.who6.LiHong___English.A.doeslike B.dolikes C.doeslikes D.dolike7._______widethestreetsare!A．What B．How C．Whata8.__________goodtimewearegoingtohaveinthecountry!A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa9.—Jackhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—,and.A.Sohehas;soyouhave B.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyou D.Sohashe;soyouhave.10.—Ifinditveryconvenient（方便）todoshoppingbyusingcreditcards.—_______.A.SoIam B.SodoI C.SoIdo D.SoamI11.Itwasin1969___theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.that B.which C.inwhich D.when12.______lovelyweather!Let’sgoonapicnic.A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa13._______________goodtimewearegoingtohaveinthepark!A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa14.It’salongtimeago______Isawyoulasttime.A.when B.since C.for D.that15.--Didyougoskateboardinglastweekend?--Yeah.wehad.A.Howafun B.Howfun C.Whatfun D.Whatafun16.—Hisfatherlikesgoinghiking.—________.A.Soishismother B.SohismotherisC.Sodoeshismother D.Sohismotherdoes17.Here____________.A.theteacheris B.areyourteacher C.ishe18.—Jimenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.—.A.SodoesHelen. B.AlsoisHelenC.Helenlikesalso D.SoHelendoes19.–Jimenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.--.A.SodoesHelen. B.AlsoisHelenC.Helenlikesalso D.SoHelendoes20.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—_____,and_____.A.Sohehas;sohaveyou B.Sohehas;soyouhaveC.Sohashe;sohaveyou D.Sohashe;soyouhave21.—IhearourmonitormadeanEnglishspeechatthegraduationceremonyyesterday．—________，and_________．A．Soshedid，sodidI B．Sodidshe，soIdidC．Soshewas，soIwas D．Sowasshe，soIwas22.—I'dliketogohuntingwithyou,butIhaveameeting________.—Ifyoudon'tgo,__________.A.toattend,sodoI B.attending,sowillIC.attend,neitherwillI D.toattend,norwillI23.Ifyoudon’tgotothecinematonight,_______.A.sowillI B.neitherdoI C.norwillII D.soIwill24.—Jackhasmadegreatprogressrecently?—_____,and________.A.Sohashe,soyouhave B.Sohehas,sohaveyouC.Sohashe,sohaveyou D.Sohashe,soyouhave25.---WouldyouryoungerbrothergoforapicnicthisSunday?---IfIdon’tgo,______.A.sodoeshe B.sohewillC.neitherwillhe D.neitherdoeshe26.—Idon’tlikeeatingjunkfood.It’sbadformyhealth.—_____doI.A.Also B.Either C.Neither D.So27.—Iwon’tgotoBo