高考英語語法填空之詞性變化（二）課件

高考英語語法填空詞性變化（二）題型分析01常見前綴后綴歸納復(fù)習(xí)前綴一般改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性；后綴一般改變?cè)~性而不改變?cè)~義。01后綴副詞后綴副詞后綴-ly：absolutely,completely,exactly,extremely,frequently,obviously,particularly,similarly,suddenly形容詞后綴-able/-ible：reasonable,flexible,reliable,valuable,accessible,considerable-ive：effective,sensitive,attractive,impressive-al/-ial：practical,beneficial,financial,facial,mental,personal-ate：considerate,fortunate-ful：powerful,successful,wonderful,fearful,respectful,skillful,thoughtful,shameful-ly：likely,lively,lonely,deadly,elderly,hourly,yearly,daily-ent：confident,convenient,independent,different,violent-less:countless,homeless,useless,breathless,effortless,selfless-y:guilty,healthy,hungry,sleepy,tasty,thirsty,wealthy,worthy,dusty-ic：energetic,scientific,fantastic-ary/-ory：contradictory,documentary,imaginary-ous：obvious,various,adventurous,ambitious,courageous,disastrous,mountainous名詞后綴-ity/-ty/-y：curiosity,responsibility,safety,security,similarity,necessity-ance/-ence：appearance,performance,acceptance,confidence,preference,significance-sion/-tion：contribution,decision,impression,admission,concentration,discussion,donation-th：strength,depth,growth,length,warmth,width-ment：achievement,treatment,amusement,arrangement,excitement,improvement-ure/-ture/-ature：failure,pressure,exposure,mixture,signature-ing：building,suffering,understanding,warning-al：approval,arrival,survival-cy：accuracy,fluency,frequency,privacy-ness：awareness,coldness,weakness動(dòng)詞后綴-ate:concentrate,accelerate,advocate,regulate-(e)n:broaden,fasten,frighten,sharpen,strengthen,darken,deepen,harden,lengthen-(i)fy：satisfy,clarify,classify,identify,qualify,simplify,terrify-ize/-ise:apologize,organize,realize,recognize名詞后綴（人）-ar/-er/-or：conductor,director,engineer,beggar,employer,instructor,interviewer,lawyer,liar-ist：artist,novelist,specialist,tourist,pianist,scientist,violinist-ant：accountant,assistant,servant詞性變化之形容詞類1.形容詞＋后綴-ity變?yōu)槊~electric→electricity電；電流；電學(xué)equal→equality平等major→majority大多數(shù)popular→popularity受歡迎；流行real→reality現(xiàn)實(shí)secure→security安全similar→similarity相似點(diǎn)2.以后綴-ity結(jié)尾的高頻名詞cruelty殘忍diversity多樣性necessity必需品；需要possibility可能性security安全similarity相似(性)3.形容詞＋后綴-en變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞bright→brighten使愉快；使明亮broad→broaden加寬；拓寬dark→darken使變暗deep→deepen加深；使變深fright→frighten(使)驚嚇hard→harden使變硬light→lighten使變輕long→lengthen加長(zhǎng)loose→loosen(使)變松；放松；松開quick→quicken加快ripe→ripen變成熟；使成熟sharp→sharpen磨快；使鋒利short→shorten變短；縮短soft→soften使變軟strong→strengthen加強(qiáng)weak→weaken使變?nèi)鮳ide→widen加寬；拓寬4.形容詞＋后綴-th變?yōu)槊~deep→depth深；深處grow→growth成長(zhǎng)long→length長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度strong→strength力量true→truth真理warm→warmth溫暖wide→width寬度5.形容詞＋后綴-ness變?yōu)槊~aware→awareness意識(shí)careless→carelessness粗心大意conscious→consciousness知覺dark→darkness黑暗eager→eagerness渴望happy→happiness幸福；高興kind→kindness仁慈；好意kind→kindness仁慈；好意lonely→loneliness孤獨(dú)rude→rudeness粗魯sad→sadness悲哀；悲傷sick→sickness疾病weak→weakness弱點(diǎn)；虛弱willing→willingness愿意6.以后綴-ious結(jié)尾的形容詞

ambitious有雄心的；野心勃勃的cautious小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的conscious有意識(shí)的envious忌妒的；猜忌的mysterious神秘的religious宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠的7.以后綴-ical結(jié)尾的形容詞economical經(jīng)濟(jì)的；節(jié)約的electrical與電有關(guān)的historical與歷史有關(guān)的logical邏輯的magical神奇的；像變魔術(shù)似的musical音樂的；悅耳的political政治的8.形容詞＋后綴-ly變?yōu)楦痹~fluent→fluently流利地frequent→frequently頻繁地；經(jīng)常地actual→actually實(shí)際上entire→entirely完全；全部地gradual→gradually逐漸地fortunate→fortunately幸運(yùn)地final→finally最后extreme→extremely極其模擬練習(xí)02We’veallturnedtosadmusictomakeusfeel

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(good)atsomepointinourlives,butwhydoesdoublingdownonthesadnesshelpdragusoutofthemire(泥沼)？Anewstudyshedslightonwhat’sgoingoninsideourbrains

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wematchourmusictoourfeelings.Itlookslikesadmusiccanbeenjoyable-ratherthan

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(simple)depressing-becauseittriggerspositivememoriesthatcanhelptoliftourmood.PsychologistAdrianNorthfromCurtinUniversityinAustraliasaysthere

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(be)twogroupsofpossible

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(explain)forwhyweenjoylisteningtosadmusiclikethis:onefromsocialpsychology,andonefromcognitiveneuroscience(認(rèn)知神經(jīng)學(xué)).Intermsofsocialpsychology,onewayof

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(think)aboutthisisthatwefeelmuchbetterabout

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(we)ifwefocusonsomeonewho’sdoingevenworse,aprocessknownasdownwardsocialcomparison.Everything’sgoingtobeokay,becausethisperson

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(have)anevenworsedaythanyouare.Anothertheoryfromsocialpsychologyisthatpeopleliketolisten

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musicthatmirrorsthetoneoftheircurrentlifecircumstances-thesongsactas

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sortoftuningfork(音叉)forourownsituationsandtheyresonate(共鳴)withus.【答案】41.better42.when/as43.simply44.are45.explanations46.thinking47.ourselves48.ishaving/has49.to50.a【解析】這是一篇說明文。我們都曾在生命中的某些時(shí)刻通過聽悲傷的歌來讓自己好受一些，但是為什么更多的悲傷反而會(huì)讓我們走出低谷呢？社會(huì)心理學(xué)有的派別認(rèn)為是通過下行社會(huì)比較讓我們感覺好一些，有的派別認(rèn)為是那些悲傷的音樂讓我們產(chǎn)生心理共鳴，所以感覺會(huì)好一些。41.考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：我們都曾在生命中的某些時(shí)刻通過聽悲傷的歌來讓自己好受一些?？崭裉巻卧~位于系動(dòng)詞feel后，應(yīng)用形容詞形式。根據(jù)句意“讓我們感受更好受一些”，應(yīng)使用形容詞比較級(jí)形式。且空格處單詞與第三段中的“feelmuchbetter”呼應(yīng)，故填better。42.考查時(shí)間狀語從句中的連詞。句意：一項(xiàng)新的研究闡明了當(dāng)我們將所聽的音樂與心中感受配對(duì)的時(shí)候我們大腦里到底發(fā)生了什么。根據(jù)句意，這是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以空格處連詞可以填when/as。43.考查副詞。句意：其結(jié)果顯示：悲傷的音樂也能帶來愉悅而不是簡(jiǎn)單地令人低落。空格處單詞修飾形容詞depressing，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填simply。44.考查主謂一致。句意：關(guān)于我們?yōu)槭裁聪矚g聽悲傷的音樂有兩派可能的解釋。這里使用的是therebe句型，be動(dòng)詞與其后主語保持一致。句中“twogroupsof”為復(fù)數(shù)意義，故be動(dòng)詞填are。45.考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意同上?？崭裉巻卧~位于形容詞后介詞前，應(yīng)用名詞形式?！癳xplain（解釋）”的名詞形式為explanation，且為可數(shù)名詞。這句話后列出了來自社會(huì)心理學(xué)與來自認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的兩派解釋，所以空格處名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填explanations。46.考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：從社會(huì)心理學(xué)這一派來講，有一種思路是：當(dāng)我們把注意力集中在一個(gè)比我們過得還慘的人身上時(shí)，我們會(huì)覺得好受些。空格位于介詞of后，且thinkabout是動(dòng)詞詞組，所以空格處填動(dòng)名詞形式。故填thinking。47.考查反身代詞。句意同上。由于表語從句的從句部分主語we與about后的賓語指代的是同一類人，所以介詞后賓語使用反身代詞。we的反身代詞為ourselves，故填ourselves。48.考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：一切都會(huì)好起來的，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)人比你過得更慘。這是原因狀語從句，前半句使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以從句部分也使用一般時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，從句部分使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以，主語thisperson是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填ishaving/has。49.考查介詞。句意：另一個(gè)假說是人們喜歡聽那些能反映自己現(xiàn)在生活境況基調(diào)的音樂，這些歌對(duì)于我們的境況來講起到了類似音叉的作用，它們與我們產(chǎn)生了共鳴?！發(fā)isten”是不及物動(dòng)詞，后邊加名詞時(shí)需要加介詞to，故填to。50.考查冠詞。句意同上?？崭裎挥趩螖?shù)名詞sort前，空格前為介詞，所以空格處需要填冠詞?！癮sortof”意為“一種”，為固定搭配。故填a。Mostpeopleatpresentaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetime____41____(enjoy)ahealthyandbalanceddiet.Formostindividuals,as____42____resultofeatingfoodsrichinfatandsugarforseveralyears,theychoosetogoonadietbutfailattheend.Besuretobewithastrongawarenessthatyouare____43____youeat!Therefore,maintainingahealthydiet____44____(provide)yourbodywithnotonlyenergybutalsonumeroushealthbenefits.Thefirstoneisthatyouwillmeetyoureverydaynutritional____45____(require).Asweallknow,wehavetotakeinvariousnutritioneverydaytokeepfit.____46____(basic)speaking,youshouldmakesurethatyoutakeagoodamountofvegetables,grains,milkandproteins.Anotherbenefitisthatitistheeasiestandmost____47____(benefit)wayinwhichyoucanbeenergeticandprotectyourself____48____anumberofdiseaseswhengrowingold.Inmostcases,ahealthydietcanhelpyoudecreasetheriskof____49____(get)somediseaseslikediabetesandcancer.Andforthosewhowanttoloseweight,there____50____(come)goodnews!Keepahealthydietandyouwillfinallykeepahealthyweight!【答案】41.toenjoy42.a43.what44.provides45.requirement(s)46.Basically47.beneficial48.from/against49.getting50.comes【解析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講了均衡的飲食對(duì)我們的健康有很多益處。41.考查固定短語。句意：目前大多數(shù)人忙于他們的生活，他們沒有時(shí)間享受一個(gè)健康和平衡的飲食。固定短