模塊四第8講名詞性從句學(xué)案含解析

第8講名詞性從句Ⅰ.語法填空1.(2020·浙江高考)Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlessonwhatcouldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.2.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluential(社會環(huán)境非常有影響)whenwe’remakingdecisions.

2.(2019·天津高考)Theopinionthatlearningisalifelongprocess(學(xué)習(xí)是終生的過程)hasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.

3.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Iwasafraidtospeakinfrontofalargegroupofpeople(在一大群人面前講話).

4.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,Irealizehowfasttimeflies(時間過得真快).

語法填空謹(jǐn)記第1步判斷是否屬于名詞性從句;第2步判斷名詞性從句中的連接詞;若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語,用連接代詞;若缺少狀語就用連接副詞;如果不缺少成分則要考慮意思是否完整,是否需要用whether/if;如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句由不同的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo),從句一般保持陳述語序。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為3類:1.that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句that只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義。該從句作主語通常用it作形式主語,而將從句置于句末?！?2019·江蘇高考)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidencethatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(同位語從句)※Itissuggestedthatweshouldlimittheamountofcarsandbicyclestoimproveourenvironment.(主語從句)2.wh-引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句wh-包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等連接代詞和where,when,why等連接副詞。wh-詞既起連接作用,還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等。從句作主語也常用it作形式主語,而將wh-從句置于句末?！?2020·天津高考)ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.※Itremainstobeseenhowtheseobstacleswillhelporhurtitseconomy.【點津】(1)what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what作連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句既可以表示一個問“什么……?”的問題,也可以表示相當(dāng)于“名詞/代詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的意思,意思是“所……的事/物”,相當(dāng)于thething(s)that/which...。如:※Thisiswhat(=thethingthat)wehavebeenlookingforwardtoforyears.(2)wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;而nomatterwh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句?！?2018·天津高考)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoever(anyonewho)winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.※Nooneisallowedtobreaktheregulations,whoever(anyonewho)heis.3.if,whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(1)引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時一般用whether,不用if?！鵗hequestioniswhethertechnologyisgoingtobeourservantorourmaster.(2)whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時大多數(shù)情況下可以互換,但下列情況下只能用whether:①后面直接跟ornot時用whether※Theynowhavetwoweekstodecidewhetherornottobuy.②用于介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時用whether※(2019·浙江高考)Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.小題快練①Whatstruckmewasthattheyhaveallsufferedalot.②ThatyouarecomingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheardthislongtime.③Peoplebeganlookingacrosstoseewherethenoisewascomingfrom.④Ican’tsaywhetherheiscomingornot.⑤Whoeverdidthiswillsoonerorlaterbecaughtandwillbepunished.⑥Ididn’trealizehowheavythatshoppingwasgoingtobe.⑦Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.⑧Itisimportanttocheckwhenthelaboratorycandothetests.

主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。【點津】it作形式主語的句型有:①Itis+名詞+從句Itisafactthat...事實是……Itisgoodnewsthat...……是好消息Itisaquestionthat...……是個問題Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常識類似的名詞還有:apity;awonder;agoodthing;nowonder;asurprise等?！鵌tisgoodnewsthatourteamhaswonthechampionship.※ItisapitythatIhavemissedawonderfulboxingmatch.②Itis+形容詞+從句Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisclearthat...很清楚……Itislikelythat...很可能……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……類似的形容詞還有:strange;natural;obvious;true;good;wonderful;possible;unlikely;quiet;unusual;certain;evident;worthwhile;surprising;interesting;astonishing?！鵌tislikelythatthegoodshavemetwithsomeaccidentontheway.※Itisstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.③Itis+過去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已證明……Itmustbeprovedthat...必須指出……類似的過去分詞還有:known;estimated;expected;believed;thought;hoped;noted;discussed;required;decided;suggested;demanded;madeclear;foundout等。※Itisreportedthattheaffectedareaisunderfurtherdetailedinvestigation.※Ithasbeenprovedthateverysubstance,nomatterwhatitis,ismadeupofatoms.小題快練①Whoeverwinstheelectionisgoingtohaveatoughjobgettingtheeconomybackonitsfeet.②Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tgotothetalk.

③Whatshockedmewasthatallofthesechildrenhadnoparents.

④Itisreported(report)thatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.

賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用,既可作動詞的賓語,也可作介詞的賓語(作介詞的賓語時必須由wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo))。1.that的省略與否that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,that在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省略。如:※Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2.句子的語序由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whichever等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,應(yīng)注意句子的語序要用陳述語序。例如:※Canyouexplainwhyhedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday?【點津】①think,believe,imagine,suppose等動詞引導(dǎo)的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中?！鵌don’tthinkthefoodhereagreeswithme.※Wedon’tbelievehestolemoneyfromthestop.②動詞doubt用在疑問句或否定句中時,其后賓語從句常用that作連接詞;用在肯定句中時,連接詞用whether或if皆可,而不用that。※Doyoudoubtthathewillwinthematch?※Idon’tdoubtthathecandoagoodjobofit.※Heoftendoubtswhether/ifheisadequateasafather.小題快練Ⅰ.單句語法填空①Heisquitestrange,foreverythinghedoesisoppositetowhatisconsiderednormalbehavior.②Beforecarryingouttheplan,wemustconsiderwhetherthenewuseofthedrugneedsfurthertests.③Ineverdoubtthatyoucanremembertenormoresentencesaday,butwithoutusingthem,they’renotyours.Ⅱ.單句翻譯Wedon’tthinkhecanoperatethismachine.譯:我們認(rèn)為他不能操作這臺機(jī)器。表語從句表語從句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引導(dǎo)外,還可由because,asif(though)等引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)表語從句,無詞義,只起連接作用,不可省略?！?2018·北京高考)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.※(2018·江蘇高考)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.※Itlooksasifasandstormiscomingup.※Thefactofthematteristhatmostpeopleconsumefarmoreproteinthantheyactuallyneed.【點津】①whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句,但與之同義的if不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。②Thatisbecause...指原因或理由。Thatiswhy...指由于各種原因所造成的后果。※Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.※Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.※Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.③當(dāng)主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because?！鵗hereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatmycarbrokedownontheway.小題快練①OneofthegloriousmomentsinmyschoollifewaswhenIwasawardedtheMayor’sAward.②Whatwecanlearnfromthestoryisthatyoumustn’tblamechildrenforthemistakesoftheirparents.③Thatiswhereourproblemslie.

④Mycargoesfasterthanyours,whichiswhyIwanttokeepit.同位語從句同位語從句用于對前面出現(xiàn)的名詞作進(jìn)一步說明,一般用連詞that引導(dǎo)。由于名詞的意義不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引導(dǎo)。常見的名詞有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision,word等。例如:※Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.※Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.※Wedon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.【點津】that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:同位語從句的that不充當(dāng)句子成分,且不可省略;that引導(dǎo)的定語從句成分是殘缺的,that代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語成分,充當(dāng)賓語時可省略。※Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。(news的內(nèi)容就是thathewillcome,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句)※Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。(that從句是限制thenews的內(nèi)容的,即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news,故that從句為定語從句)小題快練①Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.②Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.③Hehasanideathathecanfinishhisprojectbetter.

④Ihavenodoubtthathewillovercomeallthesedifficulties.學(xué)生用書P208Ⅰ.語法填空Nowadays,beforeweuploadaphotoofourselvestosocialmedia,chancesarethatwe’lluse1._________apptosmoothourskin,makeoureyesbigger,eyelasheslongerandlipsfuller.

Withacoupleoftapsonourmobilephones,we’reabletogetaquickfixandpresentourownbestversiontotheworld.2._________,theproblemis,whenwe3._________(simple)editourimperfectionsaway,we’realsochangingthewaywelookat4._________(we).

Lastmonth,5._________(research)fromtheBostonUniversity6._________(publish)anarticlewhichanalyzedphoto7._________(edit)apps’badimpactsonpeople’sself-esteemandtheirpotentialtocauseappearanceanxieties.Theywarnedthatsuchappsareblurring(難區(qū)分)thelinesbetweenrealityandfantasy.Theseappsallowone8._________(change)hisorherappearanceinminutesandfollowa(n)9._________(realistic)standardofbeauty.

Nowwe’vegotthisdailycomparisonoftherealselfwiththisintentionalorunintentionalselfthatwepresentonsocialmedia.Thisis10._________manyyoungpeoplesufferanidentitycrisiswhenitcomestohowtheylook.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹目前人們將自己的照片上傳到社交媒體之前,我們很有可能會使用一款應(yīng)用程序來美化我們的皮膚,讓我們的眼睛更大,睫毛更長,嘴唇更豐滿,波士頓大學(xué)(BostonUniversity)的研究人員發(fā)表了一篇文章,分析了照片編輯應(yīng)用程序?qū)θ藗冏宰鸬呢?fù)面影響,以及它們可能導(dǎo)致的外表焦慮。這就是許多年輕人在外貌問題上遭遇身份危機(jī)的原因。1.【解析】an?？疾椴欢ü谠~。此處表示“一款”應(yīng)用程序,app為可數(shù)名詞表泛指,故用不定冠詞,且app是以元音音素開頭的單詞。故填an。2.【解析】However。考查副詞。設(shè)空處前一句句意:在我們的手機(jī)上輕敲幾下,我們就能快速解決問題,向世界展示我們最好的版本。設(shè)空處后的句意:問題是,當(dāng)我們簡單地編輯我們的缺點時,我們也改變了我們看待自己的方式。可知前后句意為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填However。3.【解析】simply。考查副詞。此處edit是動詞,由副詞修飾,所給詞simple是形容詞,其副詞形式是simply。故填simply。4.【解析】ourselves?？疾榉瓷泶~。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用反身代詞。主語為we,故填ourselves。5.【解析】researchers?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。該空格處作句子主語,指波士頓大學(xué)的“研究人員們”,所以這里用名詞復(fù)數(shù),故填researchers。6.【解析】published。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)Lastmonth可知句子用一般過去時,故填published。7.【解析】editing?？疾樾稳菰~。photoeditingapps“照片編輯應(yīng)用程序”,editing意為“用于編輯的”。故填editing。8.【解析】tochange?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子的謂語是allow,change為非謂語;allowsb.todosth.是固定短語“允許某人做某事”。故填tochange。9.【解析】unrealistic?？疾樾稳菰~。此處standard是名詞,由形容詞修飾,結(jié)合句意,該空填unrealistic。10.【解析】why?？疾楸碚Z從句。此處表示結(jié)果,是why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。故填why。Ⅱ.語段填空Hello,boysandgirls!Today,Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddo(你應(yīng)該做什么)whenafirealarmgoesoff.Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaitforyourteacher(