2024年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)語篇理解技能梳理 閱讀理解主旨大意題（解析版）

04閱讀理解主旨大意題

命題要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)析

閱讀理解首先要做到的就是掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和總結(jié)。能否抓住這個(gè)中心，

取決于讀者的總結(jié)能力。主旨大意題通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主題，選擇標(biāo)題等形式。主要

考查考生能否分辨主題和細(xì)節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、歸納、

推理等邏輯方法對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度的概括和總結(jié)。主旨大意題包括文章主旨題、段落大意題和標(biāo)題歸納題。

每篇文章都有一個(gè)主旨大意。主旨大意題對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般

有四種呈現(xiàn)形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明確給出（需要總結(jié)）。做這種題要通讀文章，重點(diǎn)把握首末段、首

末句；作者反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)或文章中多次出現(xiàn)的詞句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,in

short,tosumup等表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折或總結(jié)的詞語。

題型特征總覽

主旨大意題考查考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，對(duì)整篇文章

的主旨大意有一個(gè)較為清晰的印象，既考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力，又考查深層次的推理、概括能力，難度較大。

（一）命題方式

把握主旨大意題常見的命題方式：

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?AVhatisthetopicofthetext?

2.Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis.

3.Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison.

4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

5.Whafsthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?

7.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.

（二）解答技巧

題型特點(diǎn)解題技巧

考查文找主題句四竅門：

主題

章或段⑴段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語（如however,but,infact,actually等）時(shí)，該句很可能是主

類（內(nèi)

落的主題句。

容）

旨大意⑵首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

(3)作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵

1司。

(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞。

要求考

文章標(biāo)題三特點(diǎn)：

生選出

標(biāo)題(1)形式一般為單詞、短語或句子，短語居多；

文章的

類⑵短小精悍，精確性強(qiáng)；

最佳標(biāo)

(3)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，能覆蓋全文大意。

題

題型突破攻略

一、文章大意題

文章大意題主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。

它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高

度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。

1.主題句法

解答主旨大意題，找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵。下面介紹兩種快速找出主題句的方法。

(1)根據(jù)文體和寫作手法來定位主題句

----------①新聞報(bào)道類文章首句是主題句

主題句是一②首句語言精煉，中間段多角度說明論證,

文章首句且與尾段句子呼應(yīng)，則首句是文章主題句

三譬句在T夾敘夾議類記敘文末的議論部分隱含主題句］

文末

文章首段是舉例子或談?wù)搨€(gè)別現(xiàn)象時(shí),主題

主題句在--A

中段句則在后面的段落

最后觀點(diǎn)文章中出現(xiàn)的兩種或以上的不同觀點(diǎn)，則最

—*

為主題句后的觀點(diǎn)為主要觀點(diǎn)

(2)根據(jù)行文標(biāo)志來定位主題句

如but,however,infact,actually等時(shí)，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正想要

轉(zhuǎn)折詞

表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。

總結(jié)詞therefore,thus,inshort,conclude等，其后的內(nèi)容往往是文章的主題。

疑問句若首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問題的回答可能是文章的主題。

2.高頻詞法

全文中無明顯主題句時(shí)，我們可以利用文章中的高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因

此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便

容易抓住文章的中心。

3.逆向思維法

在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無法選擇時(shí)，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來寫文章會(huì)

有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。

注意：

1.正確選項(xiàng)特征：涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文

2.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征

（1）以偏概全，主次不分

（2）無中生有，曲解文意

【典型例題】（2020?全國(guó)卷II閱讀B）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelp

childrenwithmath—relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityof

Chicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplay

wasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)矢口）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents5income,

educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheir

abilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andtranslateshapes,“Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildrenin

thestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher—incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmore

frequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplay

withmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremore

activeduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.

B.Ascientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.

D.Ateachingprogram.

【分析】

?第一步讀文章，概括文意：本文介紹了芝加哥大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究，該研究表明，對(duì)于2到4歲的孩子

來說，玩拼圖游戲?qū)λ麄兘窈罂臻g技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接觸拼圖游戲的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，而且男

孩子比女孩子玩的拼圖更復(fù)雜。

.第二步利用關(guān)鍵詞法定主旨：文章多次出現(xiàn)了researchers,expert,study,findings等詞，主要介紹的是

一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究。

二、段落大意題

段落大意題主要考查段落的主要意思，是對(duì)一個(gè)段落的基本內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)縮和概括。概括、總結(jié)、歸納段

落大意就是用準(zhǔn)確的、簡(jiǎn)練的語言把一個(gè)段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來。

做題時(shí)要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔?/p>

這些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準(zhǔn)確性更高。

總分式（總段落首句為主題句，段落其他各句是例子

-*

分/總分總）或論證

段落開頭是舉例子或?qū)訉油七M(jìn)的論述，段

L尸尾才是段落主題句

______段落開頭列舉具體事例，通過事例得出結(jié)

［分總分式論，這個(gè)結(jié)論就是段落主題句，后面的內(nèi)容

一~十一只L是繼續(xù)或拓展該結(jié)論

無主題段落雖無主題句，但可通過一些關(guān)鍵詞或

句式相似結(jié)構(gòu)歸納出段落主題句

【典型例題】（202。全國(guó)卷I閱讀D）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【分析】

?第一步首尾兼顧定段意：通讀全文可知，Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.是本段的主旨，后通過

列舉兩項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究來說明綠色植物對(duì)人類的好處。

?第二步析選項(xiàng)，斟酌判斷：

對(duì)不同植物的一項(xiàng)新研究。原文中提到對(duì)綠色植物的研究，以偏概全

A

但不是該段的主旨。斷章取義

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降來證明的是綠色植物的好以偏概全

B

處，故混淆主次。斷章取義

來自不同工作場(chǎng)所的員工。雖涉及工作場(chǎng)所的員工，但是以以偏概全

C

偏概全，不是本段的主題。生搬硬套

綠色植物的好處。本段主旨就是列舉兩項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究來說明綠涵蓋性強(qiáng)，

D

色植物對(duì)人類的好處。該項(xiàng)是對(duì)本段內(nèi)容的精煉總結(jié)和概括覆蓋全段

?第三步比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。

三、標(biāo)題歸納題

該類題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給選項(xiàng)中選出適合文章的標(biāo)題。

注意最佳標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)：精準(zhǔn)性強(qiáng)（不改變?cè)牡囊饬x和感情色彩）;覆蓋性強(qiáng)（能概括全文并體現(xiàn)文章的主旨）。

要首先找出文章的主題句，然后根據(jù)文章主題句確定文章標(biāo)題，如果沒有主題句再尋找全文重復(fù)性強(qiáng)的關(guān)

鍵詞或者概括全文。

1.利用4大技巧解題

關(guān)鍵詞法反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，多次重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)就是體現(xiàn)主旨的關(guān)鍵詞

主題句法根據(jù)文章主題句，確定中心詞充當(dāng)標(biāo)題

分析文章細(xì)節(jié)，確定共同點(diǎn)，如同穿珠般，串聯(lián)細(xì)節(jié)共同點(diǎn)，確定

穿珠連串法

標(biāo)題

逆向法根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，考慮其可能內(nèi)容，對(duì)照原文，最相似者為最佳選項(xiàng)

2.結(jié)合3大特點(diǎn)解題

「［概括性準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短)

好標(biāo)題針對(duì)性卜(標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符)

3大特點(diǎn)

T醒目性H能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望)

3.排除3種錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)

d概括范圍窄，只含某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)I

排除3種

概括范圍太寬，超出文章內(nèi)容

錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)--II

T含文章中未提到的或找不到的畫

【典型例題】（2020?浙江7月卷閱讀C）

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyour

brainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereover

age75andassessedthevolunteers5memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,the

scientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.

Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating（刺激），demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthe

tests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive（認(rèn)矢口）functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentally

challengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants5overallhealthstatus.

“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,“saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy."Afteralongrun,youmayfeel

likeyou'reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,but

itcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.9,

Ifsnotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter'sjob,for

example,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-

levelofficework.And"runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating（協(xié)調(diào)），“she

says.<6Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.^^

Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesor

geneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkills

B.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobs

C.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharp

D.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge

【分析】

?第一步找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句：通讀全文，本文是“總一分”結(jié)構(gòu)，文章開頭提出主旨"Challengingworkthat

requireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyou

age”。

?第二步根據(jù)正誤選項(xiàng)特征，斟酌判斷：A、B選項(xiàng)無中生有，曲解文意；D選項(xiàng)以偏概全；主次不分；選

項(xiàng)C“棘手的工作可能會(huì)幫助你保持思維敏捷”精煉地概括了文章內(nèi)容。

?第三步比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。

名校資源學(xué)練

1

（2023秋?福建泉州?高三福建省永春第一中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）JeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhy

aladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid,“Ooh,isn'titcold?”,andhethinksofthisbehaviourasa

distinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwith

Jeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation-justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious,

butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutaccepted

rules.

Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,or

perhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.Wehavealreadyestablishedthatweather-speakgreetingslike"Cold,isn't

it?”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement,asin"Yes,isn'tit?”.Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith"No,

actuallyifsquiteor“It'sprettyhottome.^^Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthatthe

atmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.Mostlikely,theywill

eitherchangethesubjectorcontinuetalkingabouttheweatheramongthemselvespolitely,ifcoldly,ignoringyour

fauxpas.

Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreement

ruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument,particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthe

pub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressing

friendship.

Whilewemayspendmuchofourtimecomplainingaboutourweather,foreignersarenotallowedtocriticize

it.Indeed,thisbringsustotheweatherasfamilyrule.Inthisrespect,wetreattheEnglishweatherlikeamemberof

ourfamily:onecancomplainaboutthebehaviorofone'sownchildrenorparents,butanyblamefromanoutsider

isunacceptable.TheweathermaybeoneofthefewthingsaboutwhichtheEnglisharestillunconsciouslyand

unashamedlypatriotic（愛國(guó)的）.

1.WhydidtheladycommentontheweathertoJeremy?

A.Tobuildupfriendship.

B.Tobeginacasualchat.

C.Tosendseasonalgreetings.

D.Toexpressdissatisfaction.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasetafauxpas“inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Improperresponse.B.Carelessattitude.

C.Rudeinterruption.D.Frequentcomplaint.

3.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Malebondinginpubs.

B.Argumentaboutweather.

C.Exceptiontotheagreementrule.

D.Makingfriendsbydisagreement.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?

A.PolitenessTipsforForeigners

B.AcceptedRulesinSocialLife

C.EnglishPolitenessinWeatherConversation

D.HiddenRulesofEnglishWeatherConversation

2

（2023?遼寧沈陽?沈陽二中?？既＃㏕erraCycleisacompanythathasrecycledandupcycled（升級(jí)改造）

justaboutanygarbageitcangetitshandson.Itupcyclesthingslikepensandmarkersintodustbinsandpicnic

tablesandcigaretteendsintorailroadties.

Now,TerraCyclewantstohelpfamilieswasteevenlesswithanewbookMakeGarbageGreat:The

TerraCycleFamilyGuidetoaZero-WasteLifestyle.Thebookispartwake-upcall,parthistorylesson,parthow-to,

andpartDIYartsandcraftsinstruction.

Inanefforttohelppeopledowhattheycantocurbtheircontributiontothetonsofwastecreatedeveryday,

MakeGarbageGreatgivesthehistoryofvariousmaterials,discusseswhythosevariousmaterialsareaproblem,

andgivestipsandDIYprojectstorecycleorupcycleeachmaterial.

Thereisachaptereachonplastics,metals,paper,glass,wood,rubberandorganics.Eachchapterisfilledwith

tonsoftipsandideasforreducingtheamountofwasteyoucreateandforresponsiblyhandlingthewasteyouend

upcreatinginyourhome.Ifyou'reaconsciousconsumer,someoftheinformationyoumayalreadyknow,but

therearealsotipsinthisbookthatwillhelpyourecyclemorethanyouthoughtyouwereableto.Ithasinformation

onwhereyoucantakeoldsneakers,pillows,andallthatelectronicwastethatseemstopileupquickerandquicker

eachyear.

Whetherthebookinspiresyoutogetalittlecleveratdealingwithyourwasteorsimplyinspiresyoutothink

beforeyoubuyorbeforeyouthrow,anyonewhoisconcernedabouttheamountofwasteourculturecreateswill

findsomeideashere.Eventhephysicalbookitselfisabitofaninspiration.It'sprintedontree-freepaperandisa

reminderthatthereisusuallyasustainable（可持續(xù)的）alternativetomanyoftheproductsthatwewaste.

5.Whatisthebookintendedtodo?

A.Toadvertiseforthecompany.

B.Tohelpfamiliesmakemoney.

C.Toinstructpeopletolearnarts.

D.Tohelpfamiliesreducewaste.

6.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook?

A.Itisintendedforhousewives.

B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Itiswellreceivedallovertheworld.

D.Itisnotdifferentfromotherpaperbooks.

7.Whatdoestheauthor'sattitudetowardsthebook?

A.Positive.B.Negative.

C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LiveAMoreHealthyLife?

B.WantAZero-wasteLifestyle?

C.TerraCycle-AResponsibleCompany

D.MakeGarbageGreat-AKeytoSuccess

3

（2023春?天津南開?高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）Sometimesjustwhenweneedthepowerofmiracles,theyarisein

theplaceswewouldleastexpect.

OnacoldJanuaryafternoonin1989,1wasclimbingEgypfsMt.Horeb,hopingtogettothepeakbysunsetto

seethevalleybelow.AsIwaswindingupthenarrowpath,I'dsometimesseeotherhikerswhowerecomingdown.

Whiletheywouldgenerallypasswithsimplyanodoragreetinginanotherlanguage,therewasonemanwhodid

neither.

Isawhimcomingandashegotcloser,Icouldseethat,unlikeotherhikers,hewaswearingtraditional

Egyptiangalabia（長(zhǎng)袍）.Whatmadehisappearancesostrangewasthatthemandidn'tevenappeartobe

Egyptian,butwasasmall-framedAsianmanwithlittlehairandroundglasses.

Aswenearedoneanother,IsaidHello,butnotasoundcamefromhim.Ithoughtmaybehehadn'theardme.

Suddenlyhestoppeddirectlyinfrontofme,lookedupfromtheground,andspokeasinglesentencetomein

English,"Sometimesyoudon'tknowwhatyouhavelostuntilyou'velostit."AsItookinwhatIhadjustheard,he

simplysteppedaroundmeandcontinuedhisgoingdown.

Thatmomentinmylifewasasmallmiracle.Thereasonislessaboutwhatthemansaidbutmoreaboutthe

timingandthecontext.Theyearwas1989,anditwasduringmyEgyptianpilgrimage（朝圣），andspecifically

duringmyhiketoMt.Horeb,thatI'dsetthetimeasidetomakedecisionsthatwouldaffectmycareer,myfriends,

myfamily,andultimately,mylife.

IhadtoaskmyselfwhatthechanceswereofanAsianmandressedinanEgyptiangalabiacomingdownfrom

thetopofthishistoricmountainjustwhenIwaswalkingup,stoppingbeforeme,andofferinghiswisdom,

seeminglyfromoutofnowhere.Myanswertomyownquestionwaseasy:nearlynochance!Inameetthatlasted

lessthantwominutes,atotalstrangerhadbroughtsomethingclearandsomethingofawarning,regardingthehuge

changesthatIwouldmakewithinamatterofdays.Inmywayofthinking,thafsamiracle.

Miraclesareeverywhereandoccureverydayfordifferentreasons,inresponsetothedifferentneedsthatwe

mayhaveinthemoment.Ourjobmaybelessaboutquestioningtheextraordinarythingsthathappeninourdaily

livesandmoreaboutacceptingthegiftstheybring.

9.BeforetheAsianmanspoke,howdidtheauthorthinkabouthim?

A.Hewasveryrudeandstrange.

B.Hewasdifferentfromothers.

C.Hewasshyandnodtostrangers.

D.Helookedordinaryandwastalkative.

10.WhydidtheauthormakeapilgrimagetoMtHorebinEgypt?

A.Hewasinsearchofamiracleinhislife.

B.Itwasaplaceforareligiouspersontoheadfor.

C.Heintendedtomakearrangementsforhisfuturelife.

D.Hewaitedpatientlyinexpectationofmeetingawiseperson.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"myownquestion^^refertoinparagraph6?

A.Forwhatreasondidthemanstopbeforeme?

B.WhydidtheAsianmangotothemountain?

C.WhatchangewouldImakewithinamatterofdays?

D.Whatwastheprobabilitythatotherstoldustherightwords?

12.WhydidtheauthorviewthemeetwiththeAsianmanasamiracleinhislife?

A.BecausetheAsianman'sappearancehadadecidingeffectonhisfuturelife.

B.Becausehiswordswereinperfectresponsetotheneedhehadatthatmoment.

C.BecausewhattheAsianmansaidwasmeaningfulinthephilosophyoflife.

D.BecausetheAsianmanimpressedonhimtheworthofwhathehadpossessed.

13.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Canyourecognizeamiracle?B.Isamiraclesignificanttous?

C.Whenmightamiracleoccur?D.Whydoweneedamiracle?

4

（2023?安徽安慶?安慶一中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）RiversaretheveinsoftheEarth,transportingthewaterand

nutrients（營(yíng)養(yǎng)物）neededtosupporttheplanefsecosystems,includinghumanlife.Whilemanynutrientsare

essentialtothesurvivaloflife,thereisoneelementtransportedbywaterinriversthatholdsthekeytolifeandto

thefutureofourplanet-carbon.

CarboniseverywhereandunderstandingthewayitmovesandiseitherreleasedorstoredbytheEarthsystem

isacomplexscienceinitself.Carbonstartsitsjourneydownstreamwhennaturalacidrain,whichcontainscarbon

dioxidefromtheatmosphere,meltsmineralsinrocks.Thishelpstransformcarbondioxidetobicarbonate（碳酸氫

鹽）inthewaterthatthenflowsinourrivers.Thisisaverylongprocess,whichisoneofthemainwayscarbon

dioxideisremovedfromtheatmosphere.Carbonistransportedbyriverstooceansandoncethatcarbonreachesthe

ocean,itisstorednaturallyindeepseasediments（沉淀物）formillionsofyears.

Ascarbontravelsdownariver,differentprocessesmayimpactwhetheritcontinuestoflowdownstreamor

whetheritisreleasedintotheatmosphere.Forexample,humanengineering,likeextensivedamconstruction,will

resultindramaticchangestohowwaterandsedimentstraveldowntheriver.Somecarbonthatfailstoreachthesea

mayreturntotheatmosphereinsomeway,whichcausesmorewarming.

Earth9sclimateiscloselyrelatedtothecarboncycle.Weallknowabouttheessentialroleofplantsin

consumingcarbondioxide,butdoweknowenoughaboutrivers?Changingthechemistryandthecourseofrivers

mayhavesignificantimpactsonhowtheytransportcarbon.Remember:whereverwelive,wealllivedownstream.

14.Whereisthecarboninriversoriginallyfrom?

A.Theatmosphere.B.Therocks.

C.Theacidrain.D.Theupstreamareas.

15.WhyishumanengineeringmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Toshowhowimportanttolifecarbonis.

B.Toexplainhownecessaryitistobuilddams.

C.Toshowhowanaturalprocessisinterrupted.

D.Toexplainhowhumansfightglobalwarming.

16.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?

A.We'dbettermoveupstreamtolive.

B.Weshouldprotectplantsalongrivers.

C.We'dbetterseekmorehelpfromplants.

D.Weshouldbecautiousaboutrivermanagement.

17.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.WhatHumansDowithRivers

B.HowRivers9TransportingCarbonCounts

C.WhattheCarbonCycleMeanstoUs

D.HowLivingDownstreamAffectstheEarth

5

（2023秋?重慶萬州?高三重慶市萬州第二高級(jí)中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）Curiosityiswhatdrivesustokeep

learning,keeptrying,keeppushingforward.Buthowdoesonegenerate（產(chǎn)生）curiosity,inoneselforothers?

GeorgeLoewenstein,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegieMellonUniversity,offeredananswerinthe

classic1994paper,ctThePsychologyofCuriosity.^^

Curiosityarises,Loewensteinwrote,“whenattentionbecomesfocusedonagapinone'sknowledge.Such

informationgapsproducethefeelingofdeprivation（匱乏）labeledcuriosity.Thecuriousindividualismotivatedto

obtainthemissinginformationtoreducethefeelingofdeprivation.Loewenstein'stheoryhelpsexplainwhy

curiosityissuchaforce:it'snotonlyamentalstatebutalsoanemotion,apowerfulfeelingthatdrivesusforward.

ScientistDanielWillinghamnotesthatteachersareoften"soeagertogettotheanswerthatwedonotdevote

enoughtimetodevelopingthequestion.^^Yetifsthequestionthatstimulates（刺激）curiosity;beingtoldananswer

stopscuriositybeforeitcanevengetgoing.

Inhis1994paper,GeorgeLoewensteinnotedthatcuriosityrequiressomebasicknowledge.We'renotcurious

aboutsomethingweknowabsolutelynothingabout.Butassoonasweknowevenalittlebit,ourcuriosityis

arousedandwewanttolearnmore.Infact,researchshowsthatcuriosityincreaseswithknowledge:themorewe

know,themorewewanttoknow.Togetthisprocessstarted,Loewensteinsuggests,takestepswithsome

interestingbutincompleteinformation.

Languageteachershavelongusedcommunicationinexercisesthatopenaninformationgapandthenrequire

learnerstocommunicatewitheachotherinordertofillit.Forexample,onestudentmightbegivenaseriesof

picturesforthebeginningofthestory,whilethestudent'spartnerisgivenaseriesofpicturesshowinghowthat

samestoryends.Onlybyspeakingwitheachother（intheforeignlanguagetheyarelearning,ofcourse）canthe

studentsfillineachothers*informationgaps.

18.Whenonenoticesagapinhisknowledge,he

A.desirestofillit

B.tendstobeafraid

C.mightgettiredandsad

D.willbecomefocusedonhislearning

19.WhatdoesDanielWillinghamimplyinthearticle?

A.Answersaremoreimportantthanquestions.

B.Teachersshouldbeeagertogettotheanswer.

C.Teachersknowhowtostimulatestudents5curiosity.

D.Teachersarepartlytoblameforstudents5hatingschool.

20.AccordingtoGeorgeLoewenstein'spaper,curiosityaboutsomethingoccursonlywhenyou

A.havereadalotofbooksB.knowlittleaboutsomething

C.havesomerelatedinformationD.aregivenincompleteinformation

21.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Whystudentshateschool.

B.Whycuriosityisimportant.

C.Howtostimulatecuriosity.

D.Whatmakespeoplehungryforknowledge.

6

（2023秋?吉林長(zhǎng)春?高三長(zhǎng)春市第五中學(xué)?？计谀㎡neofthemostpopularbeliefsinparentingistheso

-calledMozarteffect,whichsaysthatlisteningtomusicbytheAustriancomposerWolfgangMozartcan

increaseachild'sintelligence.SomepregnantwomenhaveevengonesofarastoplayMozartrecordingson

headphonespressedagainsttheirbellies.Andit'snothardtoseehowMozartsnamebecameassociatedwith

accelerateddevelopment.Hewashistory'sgreatestchildgenius,performingastonishingmusicforkingsand

queensatanagewhenmanyofuswerecontentwithtunelesssinging"I'maLittleTeapot".

So,ifyouhavekidsoryou'reexpectingtohavethem,howseriouslyshouldyoutaketheMozarteffect?

Willthechildwhodoesn'tlistentoMozartinthecradle（搖籃）belimitedtoanordinarylife?Areyouabad

parentifyourkidsdon'tknowaboutanyworksofMozart?

Relax.ThereisnoscientificevidencethatlisteningtoMozartimproveschildren'scognitiveabilities.The

wholeideacomesfromasmallstudydonein1993,whichfoundthatcollegestudentswholistenedtoMozart's

SonataforTwoPianosinDMajor（K448