外研版中考英語復習第八章構詞法教學課件

第八章構詞法考點導圖考點精講精練考點1合成法【概念】合成法是由兩個或更多的詞組成一個新的單詞，用連字符“-”連接或直接連寫在一起。類別構成舉例合成名詞名詞+名詞housewife家庭主婦，headache頭痛名詞+動名詞handwriting筆跡，sightseeing觀光形容詞+名詞highway公路，mainland大陸續(xù)表類別構成舉例合成動詞形容詞/副詞+動詞ill-treat虐待，overcome克服名詞+動詞sidetrack阻止，babysit照料（孩子）合成形容詞名詞+形容詞duty-free免稅的，worldwide遍布全世界的形容詞+名詞high-level高級的，full-time專職的形容詞+名詞+-edwhite-haired白發(fā)的,warm-hearted熱心的續(xù)表類別構成舉例合成形容詞名詞/形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving愛好和平的,good-looking好看的名詞+過去分詞heartbroken心碎的,man-made人造的形容詞+過去分詞new-born新生的,ready-made現(xiàn)成的副詞+過去分詞well-known著名的,widespread分布廣的數(shù)詞+名詞first-class一流的,second-hand二手的數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞two-year-old兩歲的,two-meter-long兩米長的續(xù)表類別構成舉例合成副詞形容詞＋名詞hotfoot匆忙地形容詞＋副詞everywhere到處,anyhow無論如何副詞＋副詞however然而介詞＋名詞beforehand預先介詞＋副詞forever永遠合成代詞代詞賓格＋-self/-selveshimself他自己，themselves他們自己物主代詞＋-self/-selvesmyself我自己，yourselves你們自己形容詞＋名詞anything任何事，somebody某人續(xù)表類別構成舉例合成介詞副詞＋名詞outside外面介詞＋副詞without沒有副詞＋介詞upon在……上面()1.TomorrowisNationalDay.Everyoneislookingforwardtothe_______holiday.A.seven-days B.seven-day C.sevendays ()2.Mrs.Brownissucha(n)_______woman.Shealwaysappearswhenweneedhelp.A.good-looking B.ready-made C.peace-loving D.warm-heartedBD()3.Helenisavery_______novelist(小說家)inAustralia.Herbooksaresoldwell.A.well-dressed B.well-known C.well-born D.well-behavedBworldwideheadachewell-knowngrandfathergood-lookinghousewifewithout4.Johndranktoomuchalcohol(酒)lastnight,sohehadaserious______________thismorning.5.Itisa______________factthatbambooispandas'favoritefood.headachewell-known6.Inthepast,womenservedas___________whilemenusuallymademoney.7.Afterthestormwewere___________electricityforfivedays.8.Wehaveofficesinover56countries___________.housewiveswithoutworldwide考點2派生法【概念】派生法是指在詞根上加詞綴而構成新詞，有前綴法和后綴法。1.前綴法：前綴一般改變詞義，不改變詞性前綴意義舉例dis-,im-,in-,mis-,non-,un- 表示“否定；相反”dislike不喜歡，impossible不可能的，inexpensive價錢公道的，misunderstand誤會，nonsense胡說，unhappy不開心的re-表示“重復；再”replay重播，rewrite重寫micro-表示“微型的”microbiology微生物學，microsecond微秒inter- 表示“互相；在……之間” international國際的，interview面試【注意】個別前綴也可以引起詞性的變化。（1）“en-+形容詞/名詞”構成動詞。例enlarge擴大，encourage鼓勵（2）“a-+動詞”構成形容詞。例asleep睡著，awake醒著2.后綴法：后綴一般改變詞性，不改變詞義（1）常見的名詞后綴：后綴意義 舉例-or，-er，-ist，-ian表示“從事某種職業(yè)的人”actor演員，worker工人，scientist科學家，musician音樂家-ing 表示“狀態(tài)；行為”shopping購物，building建筑-ment 表示“……的行為或結果”agreement同意，development發(fā)展-ness，-th，-ty表示“狀態(tài)；性質”happiness幸福，truth真相，safety安全-tion表示“動作”competition比賽，prediction預測-ship表示“關系”membership會員身份，friendship友誼（2）常見的形容詞后綴：后綴意義 舉例-able 表示“能……的”suitable適合的，believable可相信的-al表示“……的 traditional傳統(tǒng)的，personal私人的-ful 表示“有……性質的；充滿……的” useful有用的，colorful鮮艷的-less 表示“沒有；無”helpless無助的，homeless無家可歸的-ive 表示“……性質的”active活躍的，expensive昂貴的-ly 表示“特性”friendly友好的，lovely可愛的-y表示“有……特性的；多……的” healthy健康的，sunny天氣晴朗的-ous表示“屬性”dangerous危險的，famous有名的（3）常見的動詞后綴：（4）常見的副詞后綴為“-ly”。例happily開心地，quickly快地后綴意義 舉例-en表示“變成”shorten縮短，darken變黑-fy表示“使……化”beautify美化，purify提純-ize表示“使……成為”realize意識到，organize組織()1.Lookatbothsidesoftheroad_______whenyoucrosstheroad.A.care B.careful C.carefully ()2.Theperformancetonightwasagreat_______.Thebandbecamefamousovernight.A.success B.successful C.succeedCA()3.Manystrangersgavetheboyhelpinghandswhenhewasin_______.A.danger B.dangerously C.dangerous()4.Thehotwordyyds_______someoneorsomethingyouloveandnothingcanbeatit.A.means B.meaning C.meaningful AAenjoyagreesadtraditionwidecouragehome5.Everyonelovesapersonaltouch.Itmakes________memories.(2023湖南長沙改編)6.AlsoinShanghai,TongjiUniversityhasprovidedforeignstudentswithsomechancestoplantdifferentkindsofherbs（草藥）thatwere________usedinChinesemedicineandcooking.(2023湖北武漢改編)enjoyablewidely7.Jackfelthis__________andangerrisinginsidehim.(2023江蘇揚州改編)8.Threehundredpeoplewere_______________becauseoftheearthquake.9.________________cultureslikeChinesepaper-cuttingaredeeplylovedbystudents.sadnesshomelessTraditional考點3轉化法【概念】轉化法是指由一種詞性轉化為另一種詞性的方法。這種轉化并不改變單詞的拼寫，有一詞多義現(xiàn)象。1.名詞轉化為動詞例bookn.書→v.預定 watern.水→v.澆水landn.土地→v.著陸 sleepn.睡眠→v.睡覺2.動詞轉化為名詞例talkv.交談→n.談話 lookv.看→n.外表walkv.步行→n.散步helpv.幫助→n.幫助3.形容詞轉化為動詞例dryadj.干燥的→v.(使)變干clearadj.清澈的→v.清理correctadj.正確的→v.糾正openadj.開著的→v.打開()1.Theplanewill_______inGuangzhouin20minutesandwecanseeMomsoon.A.get B.land C.fly D.hope()2.Johnleftthebuildingwiththe_______on.Itwasawasteofelectricity.A.shoes B.watches C.beds D.lightsBD()3.Weshouldbebraveand_______big.Nothingisimpossible.A.dream B.fight C.see D.make()4.Peter'snew_______makeseveryoneshocked.Hehasmadeabigdifference.A.talk B.start C.change D.sleepACfaceinfluencewatchbookopenwastehand5.Mybrother________aseatontheInternetquicklyandhelpeduscarrythesuitcase.6.Howdoyouknowthetimeifyoudon'tweara________?7.Itisapityto________thefood.8.Before________inyourtestpaper,youneedtocheckitcarefully.9.Johnalways________thedifficultiesbravelyandheispositivetowardslife.bookedwatchwastehandingfaces考點4縮寫和簡寫(課標新增)【概念】縮寫和簡寫（也被稱為“截斷法”或“縮短法”）主要采取“截頭”“去尾”或者“既截頭又去尾”的方法來生成新詞。1.月份、星期及序數(shù)詞月份縮寫月份縮寫星期縮寫序數(shù)詞縮寫JanuaryJan.AugustAug.MondayMon.first1stFebruaryFeb.SeptemberSept.TuesdayTues.second2ndMarchMar.OctoberOct.WednesdayWed.third3rdAprilApr.NovemberNov.ThursdayThur.fourth4thMayMayDecemberDec.FridayFri.twentieth20thJuneJun.SaturdaySat.twenty-first21stJulyJul.SundaySun.fifty-fifth55th2.國家、國際組織類PRC：中華人民共和國（People'sRepublicofChina）UK：英國（UnitedKingdom）USA：美國（UnitedStatesofAmerica）EU：歐洲聯(lián)盟/歐盟（EuropeanUnion）UN：聯(lián)合國（UnitedNations）WTO：世界貿(mào)易組織/世貿(mào)組織（WorldTradeOrganization）WHO：世界衛(wèi)生組織（WorldHealthOrganization）FBI：美國聯(lián)邦調查局（FederalBureauofInvestigation）3.其他常見縮寫Ad：廣告（Advertisement）DIY：自己動手/自助服務（DoItYourself）Add.：地址（Address） ID：身份證明（Identification）BBQ：燒烤（Barbecue） P.E.：體育（PhysicalEducation）IQ：智商（IntelligenceQuotient）EQ：情商（EmotionalQuotient）No.：號碼/編號（Number）DNA：脫氧核糖核酸（DeoxyribonucleicAcid）WC：廁所（WaterCloset）UFO：不明飛行物（UnidentifiedFlyingObject）CCTV：中國中央電視臺（ChinaCentralTelevision）CBA：中國男子籃球職業(yè)聯(lián)賽（ChinaBasketballAssociation）NBA：美國籃球職業(yè)聯(lián)賽（NationalBasketballAssociation）VIP：貴賓（VeryImportantPerson）語篇考點專練一、語法選擇主題：英國人Oliver開太極學校難度：★★建議用時：6mins Likemanyotherforeigners,RosaOliver'sfirsttouchofChineseTaiChicamefrompopularkungfumovies.However,shehasbecomeaTaiChimasterherself,teachingittobothChineseand__1__students. Oliver'sjourneywithTaiChibeganinherearlytwenties,whenherbackachewasalwaystroublingherandshewasturningtoanexercise.()1.A.national B.international C.nationBThenshediscoveredtheTaiChiclassesbyaccidentanddecidedtotrythe“mysterious（神秘的）”easternsport.Oliverfellinlovewiththe__2__movement(運動)ofTaiChirightaway.Toherjoy,shefoundthatherbackpainsdisappeared__3__yearsofpractice. Oliverlatermet__4__husband,whowasalsoherTaiChiteacher.Intheearly1990s,thecoupleopenedtheirownTaiChischoolintheUK.()2.A.beautiful B.beautifully C.beauty()3.A.before B.for C.after()4.A.she B.hers C.herACCTofurtherunderstandTaiChi,theydecided__5__ajourneytoChina.However,threeyearsaftermovingtoShanghaiin2000,herhusbanddied,leavingheralonetoworkonTaiChi. The58-year-oldBritishwomanrecalledthatitwas__6__hardtimeforher.However,shewas___7___thankfultoChinesefriendsinShanghai.()5.A.tostart B.start C.starting()6.A.a B.an C.the()7.A.real B.really C.realityAAB“My__8__wouldnotcomewithoutmyChinesefriendswhosupportedmethroughthepainfulprocess.Theydidn'ttreatmelikeaforeigner,butratherlikeafriend,”O(jiān)liversaid. In2005,OliversetuptheDoubleDragonAllianceCulturalCenter,whichactsasabridgeforforeignpeopletogetabetterunderstandingofChineseculturesuchas__9__ChinesemedicineandPekingOpera.

Oliver__10__herdeeploveforculturalexchange.Andshehopedtospreadherworkinthisarea.（2023湖南永州改編）()8.A.success B.succeed C.successful()9.A.tradition B.traditional C.traditionally()10.A.expressesB.isexpressing C.expressedABC二、短文填空主題：報紙分類難度：★★建議用時：6mins 請從方框內選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項。successphotoofficeothersuchinformationtheybeginusualknowreadmillion NewspapersinBritaincanbedividedintothequalitynewspapers(高質量報紙)andthepopularnewspapers.Qualitynewspapersareforreaderswhowant__1__onpublicthings.Theyhavenationalandinternationalnews,andfinancial(金融的)reports.Theyalsohavesports,culturalevents,travelnewsandbookreviews. Popularnewspapersarealso__2__astabloids(小報).Peoplew