2024年高考英語一模試題分類匯編：閱讀理解 (說明文與議論文)北京專用原卷版

專題04閱讀理解（說明文&議論文）

Part1閱讀理解之說明文

（一）

（204屆.北京海淀區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

Withallthedietaryinformationonline,itcanbehardtoknowwhattipstofollow.Watchoutforthesewords

andexpressions.

FatIsGood

Itdoesn'tmatterifyouarepartofthefatisGOODforyouorBADforyougroup,theimportantquestionto

askisthesourceofthefat.Ifitcomesfromaland-basedanimal,andislikelytobesolidatroomtemperature,then

itissaturated（飽和的）fatwhereasifitcomesfromfishorplants,anditislikelytobeliquidatroomtemperature,

thenitisunsaturatedfat.Alltheevidenceindicatesthateatingmoreunsaturatedfatthansaturatedfatlowersyour

riskofdyingearly.

NaturalSugarIsBetter

Thevastmajorityofsugarweconsumeissucrose（蔗糖）.Itisthewhitepowderedstuffwecookwithand

ismadeupofglucoseandfructose.Howaboutsugarfromhoney?Itisoftenmarketedasnaturalandbetterforyou.

Actually,itjusthasitsowndistinctflavour,butisassweetbecauseofglucoseandfructose.

High-pHWater

Somepeoplethinkweneedtoeatalkali（堿）foodtomaintainourbloodatapHof7.4.Buteverythingwe

eatordrinkpassesthroughthestomach,which,atapHof1.5,isthemostacidicpartofthebody.Itisthen

neutralisedtoapHof7.So,nothingweeatwillchangethepHofourblood.

Don'tEatAnythingThatYouCan'tPronounce

Whetherfoodsarenaturalorhighlyprocessed,theyareallfullofchemicals.Areyousupposedtofear

“phenylthiocarbamide”,becauseyoucan*tpronounceit?Thisissimplythechemicalresponsibleforthebittertaste

foundinbrassicas,theplantsinthecabbageandmustardfamily.

Don'tEatFoodWithMoreThanFiveIngredients（佐料）

Simplefoodsarenotnecessarilyhealthierforyou.IfI,forinstance,useChinesefivespicepowderinarecipe,

thatwouldcountasoneofthefiveingredients.However,whatifIaddedthetypicalcomponentsoffivespice

powderseparatelyintoadish?Doesthatmeanmyrecipesuddenlybecomesbadbecauseithasmorethanfive

ingredients?

21.Accordingtothepassage,healthierfat.

A.canbefoundinfishandplantsB.comesfromland-basedanimals

C.remainssolidatroomtemperatureD.canlowerthedeathrateofelders

22.Thepassagesuggeststhat.

A.dietscanhelpadjustthepHofourbloodB.honeysugarcandomoregoodthansucrose

C.foodswithmoreingredientsmaybeashealthyD.chemicalswecanrecognizearesafertotakein

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tocomparetipsonfoodchoices.B.Tointroducedifferenthealthconcepts.

C.Torecommendfitnessrecipestoreaders.D.Towarnusofsomedietarymisunderstandings.

（-）

（2024屆.北京海淀區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

Researchershopebrainimplantswillonedayhelppeoplewithaphasia（失語癥）togettheirvoiceback一

andmaybeeventosing.Now,forthefirsttime,scientistshavedemonstratedthatthebrain'selectricalactivitycan

bedecodedandusedtoreconstructmusic.

Anewstudyanalyzeddatafrom29peoplemonitoredforepilepticseizures（癲癇發(fā)作），usingelectrodes

（電極）onthesurfaceoftheirbrain.Asparticipantslistenedtoaselectedsong,electrodescapturedbrainactivity

relatedtomusicalelements,suchastone,rhythm,andlyrics.Employingmachinelearning,RobertKnightfrom

UCBerkeleyandhiscolleaguesreconstructedwhattheparticipantswerehearingandpublishedtheirstudyresults.

Thepaperisthefirsttosuggestthatscientistscan“l(fā)istensecretlyto“thebraintosynthesize（合成）music.

Toturnbrainactivitydataintomusicalsound,researcherstrainedanartificialintelligence（AI）modelto

decodedatacapturedfromthousandsofelectrodesthatwereattachedtotheparticipantsastheylistenedtothe

songwhileundergoingsurgery.Oncethebraindatawerefedthroughthemodel,themusicreturned.Themodel

alsorevealedsomebrainpartsrespondingtodifferentmusicalfeaturesofthe

song.

Althoughthefindingsfocusedonmusic,theresearchersexpecttheir

resultstobemostusefulfortranslatingbrainwavesintohumanspeech.

LudovicBellier,thestudy*sleadauthor,explainsthatspeech,regardlessof

language,hassmallmelodicdifferences——tempo,stress,accents,and

intonation-knownasprosody（韻律）.Theseelementscarrymeaningthat

wecan'tcommunicatewithwordsalone.Hehopesthemodelwillimprovebrain-computerinterfaces（BCD,

assistivedevicesthatrecordspeech-associatedbrainwavesandusealgorithmstoreconstructintendedmessages.

Thistechnology,stillinits

infancy,couldhelppeoplewhohavelosttheabilitytospeakbecauseofaphasia.

Futureresearchshouldinvestigatewhetherthesemodelscanbeexpandedfrommusicthatparticipantshave

heardtoimaginedinternalspeech.Ifabrain-computerinterfacecouldrecreatesomeone'sspeechwiththeprosody

andemotionalweightfoundinmusic,itcouldofferarichercommunicationexperiencebeyondmerewords.

Severalbarriersremainbeforewecanputthistechnologyinthehands-orbrains-ofpatients.Thecurrent

modelreliesonsurgicalimplants.Asrecordingtechniquesimprove,thehopeistogatherdatanon-invasively,

possiblyusingultrasensitiveelectrodes.However,undercurrenttechnologies,thisapproachmightresultinalower

speedofdecodingintonaturalspeech.Theresearchersalsohopetoimprovetheplaybackclaritybypackingthe

electrodesclosertogetheronthebrain'ssurface,enablinganevenmoredetailedlookattheelectricalsymphony

thebrainproduces.

28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Electrodescananalyzemusicalelements.

B.Thedecodingofbraindatahelpsrecreatemusic.

C.Machinelearninggreatlyenhancesbrainactivity.

D.TheAImodelmonitorsmusic-responsivebrainregions.

29.Whathopefullymakesitpossibletoexpandthemodeltospeech?

A.Theprosodyofspeech.B.Thecollectionofbrainwaves.

C.Theemotionalweightofmusic.D.Thereconstructionofinformation.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.UnlockingtheSecretsofMelodicMindB.BrainSymphony:SynthesizedHumanSpeech

C.BCIBringsHopetoPeoplewithAphasiaD.RemarkableJourney:DecodingBrainwithAI

（三）

（2024屆.北京西城區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

EvanSelinger,professorinRIT'sDepartmentofPhilosophy,hastakenaninterestintheethics（倫理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）of

Alandthepolicygapsthatneedtobefilledin.Throughahumanitiesviewpoint,Selingerasksthequestions,

“HowcanAIcauseharm,andwhatcangovernmentsandcompaniescreatingAlprogramsdotoaddressand

manageit?”Answeringthem,heexplained,requiresaninterdisciplinaryapproach.

“AIethicsgobeyondtechnicalfixes.Philosophersandotherhumanitiesexpertsareuniquelyskilledto

addressthenuanced（微妙的）principles,valueconflicts,andpowerdynamics.Theseskillsaren,tjustcrucialfor

addressingcurrentissues.Wedesperatelyneedthemtopromoteanticipatory（先行的）governance,9,saidSelinger.

Oneexamplethatillustrateshowphilosophyandhumanitiesexpertscanhelpguidethesenew,rapidly

growingtechnologiesisSelinger'sworkcollaboratingwithaspecialAIproject.660neoftheskillsIbringtothe

tableisidentifyingcoreethicalissuesinemergingtechnologiesthathaven'tbeenbuiltorusedbythepublic.We

cantakepreventativestepstolimitrisk,includingchanginghowthetechnologyisdesigned,9,saidSelinger.

Takingthesepreventativestepsandregularlyreassessingwhatrisksneedaddressingispartoftheongoing

journeyinpursuitofcreatingresponsibleAI.Selingerexplainsthatthereisn'tastep-by-stepapproachforgood

governance.€tAIethicshavecorevaluesandprinciples,butthere9sendlessdisagreementaboutinterpretingand

applyingthemandcreatingmeaningfulaccountabilitymechanisms,“saidSelinger,"Somepeoplearerightly

worriedthatAIcanbecomeintegratedinto"ethicswashing?-weakchecklists,flowerymissionstatements,and

emptyrhetoricthatcoversoverabusesofpower.Fortunately,Fvehadgreatconversationsaboutthisissue,

includingwithsomeexperts,onwhyitisimportanttoconsiderarangeofpositions.

SomeofSelinger'srecentresearchhasfocusedontheback-endissueswithdevelopingAI,suchasthe

humanimpactthatcomeswithtestingAIchatbotsbeforethey'rereleasedtothepublic.Otherissuesfocuson

policy,suchaswhattodoaboutthedangersposedbyfacialrecognitionandotherautomatedsurveillance（監(jiān)視）

approaches.

SelingerismakingsurehisstudentsareinformedabouttheongoingindustryconversationsonAIethicsand

responsibleAI."Studentsaregoingtobefuturetechleaders.Nowisthetimetohelpthemthinkaboutwhatgoals

theircompaniesshouldhaveandthecostsofminimizingethicalconcerns.Beyondsocialcosts,downplaying

ethicscannegativelyimpactcorporatecultureandhiring,“saidSelinger."Toattracttoptalent,youneedto

considerwhetheryourcompanymatchestheirinterestsandhopesforthefuture.

28.Selingeradvocatesaninterdisciplinaryapproachbecause.

A.humanitiesexpertspossessskillsessentialforAIethics

B.itdemonstratesthepowerofanticipatorygovernance

C.AIethicsheavilydependsontechnologicalsolutions

D.itcanavoidsocialconflictsandpressingissues

29.TopromoteresponsibleAI,Selingerbelievesweshould.

A.adoptasystematicapproachB.applyinnovativetechnologies

C.anticipateethicalrisksbeforehandD.establishaccountabilitymechanisms

30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.MorecompanieswilluseAItoattracttoptalent.

B.UnderstandingAIethicswillhelpstudentsinthefuture.

C.Selingerfavorscompaniesthatmatchhisstudents5values.

D.Selingerislikelytofocusonback-endissuessuchaspolicy.

（四）

（2024屆.北京西城區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

Whilesomeallergies（過敏癥）disappearovertimeorwithtreatment,otherslastalifetime.Fordecades,

scientistshavebeensearchingforthesourceoftheselifetimeallergies.

Recently,researchersfoundthatmemoryBcellsmaybeinvolved.Thesecellsproduceadifferentclassof

antibodiesknownasIgG,whichwardoffviralinfections.Butnoonehadidentifiedexactlywhichofthosecells

wererecallingallergensorhowtheyswitchedtomakingtheIgEantibodiesresponsibleforallergies.Touncover

themysteriouscells,tworesearchteamstookadeepdiveintotheimmune（免疫的）cellsofpeoplewithallergies

andsomewithout.

ImmunologistJoshuaKoenigandcolleaguesexaminedmorethan90,000memoryBcellsfromsixpeople

withbirchallergies,fourpeopleallergictodustmitesandfivepeoplewithnoallergies.Usingatechniquecalled

RNAsequencing,theteamidentifiedspecificmemoryBcells,whichtheynamedMBC2sthatmakeantibodies

andproteinsassociatedwiththeimmuneresponsethatcausesallergies.

Inanotherexperiment,KoenigandcolleaguesusedapeanutproteintogofishingformemoryBcellsfrom

peoplewithpeanutallergies.Theteampulledoutthesametypeofcellsfoundinpeoplewithbirchanddustmite

allergies.Inpeoplewithpeanutallergies,thosecellsincreasedinnumberandproducedIgEantibodiesasthe

peoplestartedtreatmenttodesensitizethemtopeanutallergens.

AnothergroupledbyMariaCurottodeLafaille,animmunologistattheIcahnSchoolofMedicineatMount

SinaiinNewYorkCity,alsofoundthatsimilarcellsweremoreplentifulin58childrenallergictopeanutsthanin

13kidswithoutallergies.TheteamfoundthatthecellsarereadytoswitchfrommakingprotectiveIgGantibodies

toallergy-causingIgEantibodies.Evenbeforetheswitch,thecellsweremakingRNAforIgEbutdidn'tproduce

theprotein.MakingthatRNAenablesthecellstoswitchthetypeofantibodiestheymakewhentheyencounter

allergens.ThesignaltoswitchpartiallydependsonaproteincalledJAK,thegroupdiscovered."StoppingJAK

fromsendingthesignalcouldhelppreventthememorycellsfromswitchingtoIgEproduction,Lafaillesays.She

alsopredictsthatallergistsmaybeabletoexamineaspectsofthesememorycellstoforecastwhetherapatient's

allergyislikelytolastordisappearwithtimeortreatment.

“Knowingwhichpopulationofcellsstoreallergiesinlong-termmemorymayeventuallyhelpscientists

identify

otherwaystokilltheallergycells,“saysCeciliaBerin,animmunologistatNorthwesternUniversityFeinberg

SchoolofMedicine.6CYoucouldpotentiallygetridofnotonlyyourpeanutallergybutalsoallofyourallergies.^^

31.Whydidscientistsinvestigatetheimmunecellsofindividualswithandwithoutallergies?

A.ToexplorethedistinctionsbetweenIgGandIgE.

B.TouncovernewantibodiesknownasIgGandIgE.

C.Toidentifycellsresponsiblefordefendingagainstallergies.

D.Torevealcellsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofallergies.

32.Whatdoestheword“desensitize“underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?

AtMake...lessdestructive.B.Make...lessresponsive.

C.Make...lessprotective.D.Make...lesseffective.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthetworesearchteams'work?

A.MBC2smakeantibodiesandproteinsthatpreventallergies.

B.MemoryBcellsgeneratebothRNAforIgEandthecorrespondingprotein.

C.JAKplaysaroleincontrollingantibodyproductionwhenexposedtoallergens.

D?Allergistsarecapableofpredictingwhetheranallergywilllastordisappear.

34.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.RNASequencingIsAppliedinImmunologyResearch

B.SpecificCellsRelatedtoPeanutAllergiesAreIdentified

C.UnmaskingCells'IdentitiesHelpsDiagnoseandTreatAllergies

D.NewfoundImmuneCellsAreResponsibleforLong-lastingAllergies

（五）

（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

InThailand,human-elephantconflictisincreasing.Tolocalfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyand

economiclivelihood.

BringtheElephantHome（BTEH）isanon-profitorganisationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesof

survivalforelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,benefting

fromeachother'sexistence.BTEH5sprojectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterisedbythree

principles:localinvolvement,ahealthyecology,andbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously（同時地）.

Theyleadtoshareddecisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,sustainability,andapeacefulcoexistence

ofpeopleandanimals.

AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomakethe

plantationslessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProject

comesintobeing.

ThenameoftheTomYumProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.Theingredients（原料）forthesouparechilli,

garlic,lemongrass,andonion——noneofwhichareattractivetoelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternative

cropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.Theprojectworksinthefollowingsteps.

TheTomYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativeto

promotehuman-elephantcoexistence.Now,somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.

21.Accordingtothepassage,BTEH'smissionisto

A.developruralcommunitiesB.createhealthyenvironments

C.improvelocaleconomiclivelihoodD.promotehuman-elephantcoexistence

22.IntheTomYumProject,researchersandlocalfarmers.

A.formsomeguardingteamsB.volunteertocollectingredients

C.experimentwithalternativecropsD.provideelephantswiththeThaisoup

23.Inwhichstepdofarmersturntheharvestedcropsintoorganichoneyorteas?

A.Step2.B.Step3.C.Step4.D.Step5.

（六）

（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

Timeisoneofhumanity'sgreatestblindspots.Weexperienceitasdays,monthsoryears.Butnature

functionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas"deep

Humanity's

shortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodernconservation.Astheclimateandbiodiversitycrises

accelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstandinghowthey

functionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.

Takeforestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforest

fires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforest

managementstrategiesindigenous（土著的）communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticularthe

applicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,itturnsout,hasalwaysbeenanintegralingredientinhealthy

forestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningtheunderstory.Today,we'rebeginningtoseewidespread

applicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.

Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwayisthroughmodem

mathematicalmodeling.Wehavemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewayto

preservetheecosystemofCalifornia^kelpforest.ByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlong

beforethe19thcentury,wefoundthatwe'veignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies-theSteller'sseacow,

anditsroleinmaintainingtheharmonyofthisecosystem.

Ourmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspace

ontheseafloor.Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeSteller^seacowaddedin.Thesemammals

fedontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulated

thegrowthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthat

includedtheSteller^seacow,wecouldseeamorediverseforestwheretheunderstorycompetedbetterwithkelp

Inshort,whatweassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilityto

fullyunderstandandprotectit.Toensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbegin

lookingattimeasanessentialtool.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whatgetsinthewayofhuman9sconservationefforts?

A.LackofinsightsintodeeptimeB.Theworseningofbiodiversitycrises

C.Theblindnesstomanagementstrategies.D.Resistancetotakingadeeptimeperspective.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.IgnoringtheSteller'sseacowledtoecologicalimbalance.

B.Peoplenowprioritizefirepreventionovercontrolledbums.

C.Mathematicalmodelingmattersmorethanindigenousknowledge

D.Harvestingupperkelpleavesencouragesfreshgrowthintheunderstory.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impede“inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Bringforth.B.Boostup.C.Shutdown.D.Holdback.

（七）

（2024屆.北京東城區(qū)等五區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

SeveraldozengraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalargelanguagemodel

（LLM）,atypeofAIdesignedtoholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoftenprogrammedwithguardrailsdesigned

tostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionsonmakingbombsinabathtub,say,ortheconfidentstatementof

“fhcts“thatarenotactuallytrue.

Theaimofthetaskwastobreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.Forexample,one

participantgotthechatbottoclaimduckscouldbeusedasindicatorsofairquality.Butthemostsuccessfulefforts

werethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitles,publicationdatesandhostjournalsofnon-existentacademic

articles.

AIhasthepotentialtobeabigbenefittoscience.Optimiststalkofmachinesproducingreadablesummaries

ofcomplicatedareasofresearch;tirelesslyanalysingoceansofdatatosuggestnewdrugsandeven,oneday,

comingupwithhypothesesoftheirown.ButAIcomeswithdownsides,too.

Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.SomejournalsallowresearcherstouseLLMstohelp

writepapers.Butnoteverybodyiswillingtoadmittoit.Sometimes,thefactthatLLMshavebeenusedisobvious.

GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,hasuncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas'"regenerate

response^^——thetextofabuttoninsomeversionsofChatGPTthatcommandstheprogramtorewriteitsmost

recentanswer,probablycopiedintothemanuscript（原稿）bymistake.

AnotherproblemariseswhenAImodelsaretrainedonAi-generateddata.LLMsaretrainedontextfromthe

Internet.Astheychurnout（大量炮制）moresuchtext,theriskofLLMstakingintheirownoutputsgrows.That

cancause“modelcollapse^^.In2023IliaShumailov,acomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperinwhichamodel

wasfedhandwrittendigitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbacktoitinturn.Afterafew

cycles,thecomputer'snumbersbecamemoreorlessillegible.After20iterations（迭代），itcouldproduceonly

roughcirclesorblurrylines.

Someworrythatcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinnerworkingsarenot

understood.Inexplainablemodelsarenotuseless,saysDavidLeslieatanAl-researchoutfitinLondon,buttheir

outputswillneedrigoroustestingintherealworld.Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checking

modelsagainstrealityiswhatscienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.

Fornow,atleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposetothescientificmethodare,

at

theendoftheday,thesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcouldacceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchas

itacceleratesgoodscience.AstheRoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusinverba:takenobody'swordforit.Nothing's,

either.

31.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthat.

A.LLMsgiveawayusefulinformationB.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffective

C.Al'sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreasedD.theeffortputintothestudyofAIhardlypaysoff

32.Whatdoes"'modelcollapse^^indicate?

A.ThereadabilityofthemodelsOutputisunderestimated.

B.Thediversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.

C.Trainingonregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.

D.Thedatawillbecomereliableaftercontinuousiterations.

33.Accordingtothepassage,people'sworryovertheinexplainablemodelsis.

A.impracticalB.unjustifiedC.groundlessD.unsettling

34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoGoWrongB.ImperfectModels:HowWillAIMakeAdvances?

C.TheRiseofLLMs:AICouldStillBePromisingD.BiggerThreats:AIWillBeUncontrollable

（八）

（2024屆.北京石景山區(qū).統(tǒng)考一模）

Ifsaknownfactthatemissions（排放物）fromgas-poweredvehiclesareharmingtheatmosphere.In

responsetothis,Porsche,theGermansportscarcompany,beganproducinge-fuelsatapilotplantinChilelast

year.Currently,thefuelwillbeusedonlyinsportscarsatPorsche'sperformanceandexperiencecenters.

E-fuelsaremadebypassingelectricitythroughwater.Theelectricityseparatesthehydrogenandoxygen

fromwater.ThehydrogenisthenmixedwithCO2toproducealiquide-fuel,whichcanbeproducedusingmany

renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower.E-fuelsfollowthechemicalstructureofgasoline,making

itpossibleforgas-poweredcarstorunone-fuelsalmostwithoutanychange.

E-fuelscanhelpeasethetransformawayfromgas-poweredcars,forthosewhomaynotbeabletoafford

electricvehicles（EV）.Itwillalsohelptoreducewastebykeepinggas-poweredcarsinservice,insteadof

throwingthemawayprematurely.Additionally,theuseofe-fuelswillnotrequirenewfacilitytobebuiltunlike

EVs.Existinggasstationsandcarswillbeabletostayinuse,whichisalreadyabigsaving.

Despitethemanybenefits,opinionsdifferonwhethere-fuelsaretrulyeco-friendly.E-fuelsarewidelysaidto

benearlycarbonneutral（碳中和），althoughanindependentstudyindicatesthate-fuelsreleasethesameamountof

CO2

asgasoline.Sincee-fuelsarestillbeingdevelopedandtested,theirtrueimpactsarestillunknown.Meanwhile,e-

fuelsareveryexpensivetoproduce,partlyduetoenergylossduringproduction.Unfortunately,onlyabouthalfof

theenergyusedinproducinge-fuelsisactuallytransformedintofuel.Additionally,onlyabout16%oftheenergy

usedine-fuelproductionisactuallyusedtopowerthecar.Whereas,about70%ofenergyispreservedwhen

poweringanEV.Eventhoughtheuseofe-fuelswillpreserveexistingfacility,itwillstilltaketimeandmoneyto

integrateitintoeverydaylife.Currently,thepriceofe-fuelsisnearlydoublethecostofregularfuel.

E-fuelsarestillaworkinprogress.Thoughopinionsaredividedone-fuels,withmoretestingand

development,theyhavebeenconsideredanotherwaytohelpfightagainsttheclimatecrisis.'"Therearecurrently

morethan1.3billionvehicleswithcombustion（內(nèi)燃）enginesworldwide.Manyofthesewillbeontheroadsfor

decadestocome,ande-fuelsoffertheownersofexistingcarsanearlycarbon-neutralalternative.Withthee-fuels

pilotplant,Porscheisplayingaleadingroleinthisdevelopment,9,saidMichaelSteiner,memberoftheExecutive

BoardforDevelopmentandResearchatPorscheAG.

28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.E-fuelsreleasenoCO2.B.E-fuelsweretestedinGermanyatfirst.

C.E-fuelsareapplicabletogas-poweredcars.D.E-fuelsneedtobemixedwithCO2inactualuse.

29.TheauthorquotesMichaelSteinermainlyto.

A.drawaconclusion.B.presentanopinion

C.furtheradiscussionD.provideasolution

30.Whatistheauthor9sattitudetowardse-fuels?

A.Positive.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.

（九）