2024年高考英語快速提閱讀-生態(tài)環(huán)保、自然災(zāi)害類 閱讀理解9篇+完形填空1篇（解析版）

【生態(tài)環(huán)保、自然災(zāi)害類】話題閱讀練習(xí)（三）

（閱讀理解9篇+完形填空1篇）

Passage1

Intheworldofwater,2021wasanotheryearfortherecordbooks.PartsofWesternEuropesufferedfrom

deadlyfloodswhilelargeareasofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesremainedlockedinamassivedrought.

Onemightthinkthatourimpressivewatermanagementwouldsafeguardsocietyfromsuchcatastrophicevents.

Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureandmostofthewaterengineeringis

unpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthemostalarmingwake-upcalls

camefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswerenearlyforcedtobeshutoff

duringseveredroughtbecauseitsreservoir（水庫）driedup.

Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigherdams（大壩）thatoftenresultin

moredisastrousflooding.Instead,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.

TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamagefromthehistoricfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompleted

project,whichgivesriversroomtospreadoutbyredirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsoftherivers

bymorethanafoot.Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboostingorganicmatter

inthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil's

water-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,creatingflexibilitytoboththerainsanddryperiods.This

meansfarmlandpracticessuchastheplantingofcovercropscannotonlyraiseoutputbutimprovewater

management.

Solutionsdon'tcomeeasily,buttheyarekeytoalivablefuture.Whileit*stoolatetoavoidtheimpactsof

climatechange,wecanavoidtheworstofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.

1.CapeTownismentionedtoshow

A.thereservoirwasofnouse

B.newwatermanagementisinneed

C.howawfulitwaswithouttapwater

D.theexistingwatermanagementisimpressive

2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?

A.TheNetherlandswassparedfromflooddamage.

B.Therivefswaterlevelwasreducedtooverafoot.

C.Improvingsoifswater-holdingabilityispractical.

D.Plantingcropsboostsorganismsatthecostofproduction.

3.Whichofthefollowingwaterprojectsmightwintheauthor'sfavor?

1"RestoringHealthySoil”

②"FillingWetlands”

（3）"StrengtheningDams”

④“MakingRoomforRivers^^

A.12B.23C.34D.14

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Waterdisasters:wayoutofcontrol

B.Investmentinwater:akeytothefuture

C.Nature-basedsolutions:waysoutforwater

D.Goodnews:farmingpracticesworkingwell

解析：

1.B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Yetwhenitcomestowater,thepastisnolongeragoodguideforthefutureand

mostofthewaterengineeringisunpreparedforconsequencesofincreasinglyoccurringextremeweather.Oneofthe

mostalarmingwake-upcallscamefromthecityofCapeTown,wherethewatertapsof4millionresidentswere

nearlyforcedtobeshutoffafterseveredroughtdriedupitsreservoir（水庫）.（然而，說到水，過去不再是未

來的良好指南，大多數(shù)水利工程對(duì)日益發(fā)生的極端天氣的后果毫無準(zhǔn)備。其中一個(gè)最令人震驚的警鐘來自

開普敦市，在嚴(yán)重干旱導(dǎo)致水庫干涸后，該市400萬居民的水龍頭幾乎被迫關(guān)閉。）和下文如何利用水治理

應(yīng)對(duì)災(zāi)害的方法，可知極端天氣日益頻繁而以前的水利工程不適用于新的變化，開普敦就是一個(gè)例子，緊

接著后文談及應(yīng)該如何做，所以提及開普敦是為了表明我們需要新的水治理方式。故選民

2.C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoiFswater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐提供了另一種策略?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土

壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強(qiáng)降雨和干旱期都具有靈

活性.）可知，提高土壤有機(jī)物能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對(duì)干旱和洪澇），這在農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐上是可行

的。故選C.

3.D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Agriculturalpracticesofferanotherstrategy.Scientistshavefoundthatboosting

organicmatterinthesoilby1%canincreasethesoil'swater-holdingcapacitybyupto18,000gallonsperacre,

creatingflexibilitytobothintenserainsanddryperiods.（農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐提供了另一種策略。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，將土

壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)增加1%,可以使土壤的持水能力提高到每英畝18000加侖，從而在強(qiáng)降雨和干旱期都具有靈

活性。）可知，提高土壤有機(jī)物，恢復(fù)土壤健康，這能提高其持水容量（從而有利于應(yīng)對(duì)干旱和洪澇），這

在農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐上是可行的，說明作者贊同①”恢復(fù)土壤健康"；TheNetherlandsavoidedmajordamagefromthe

historicfloodsinJuly2021thankstoitsrecentlycompletedproject,whichgivesriverroomtospreadoutby

redirectingfloodwatersintowetlands,loweringpartsofthestormyriverbymorethanafoot.（由于最近完成的

項(xiàng)目，荷蘭避免了歷史性洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，該項(xiàng)目通過將洪水重新導(dǎo)向濕地，將暴雨河流的一部分降

到一英尺以上，使河流空間得以擴(kuò)展。）可知，荷蘭通過最近的水利項(xiàng)目使河流空間得以擴(kuò)展，避免了歷史

性洪災(zāi)造成的重大損失，說明④”為河流騰出空間”會(huì)贏得作者的青睞；可得出作者會(huì)贊同①④水利工程。故

選D。

4.C.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第三段Appealingasitmightbe,thesolutionisnottofurtherbuildbiggerandhigher

dams（水壩）thatoftenresultinmoredisastrousflooding.Rather,itistoworkmorewithnaturalprocesses.（盡

管這可能很有吸引力，但解決辦法是不要進(jìn)一步建造更大、更高的水壩，這往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的洪水。相

反，要更多地利用自然過程。）最后一段Whileifstoolatetoavoidtheimpactsofclimatechange,wecanavoid

theworstofthoseimpactsbyinvestingmoreinsuchnature-basedwatersolutions.（雖然現(xiàn)在避免氣候變化的影

響為時(shí)已晚，但我們可以通過加大對(duì)此類基于自然的水解決方案的投資來避免最糟糕的影響。）可知，文章

以災(zāi)害引入，進(jìn)而舉例談及用基于自然的方法解決問題，結(jié)尾呼吁對(duì)自然方法的投資，

D.Nature-basedsolution：awayoutforwater.”基于自然的解決方案：水的出路”一語雙關(guān)，既指自然方法提供

出路，又指把水通過自然方式導(dǎo)出去。故選C。

Passage2

It'sawarmJuneafternoon,andinagroupofbushesandtrees,abirdsings.Asmallinsectclimbsoveraleaf.

TheMuziekpleinforest,nexttoan18-storybuildingandarailwayline,isaboutthesizeofabasketballcourt;

beforeitwasplantedin2018,theareawasaparkingplace.Theforestisoneofsevensuchextremelysmallforests

intheDutchcityofUtrecht,and144acrosstheNetherlands.Bytheendofthisyear,accordingtoINNature

Education,theorganizationproposingthecountry'sinitiative（計(jì)戈!!）,therewillbe200.

SincethefirstforestwasplantedintheNetherlandsin2015,theconcepthasbecomepopular.DaanBleichrodt,

wholaunchedIN'sTinyForestinitiativewiththegoalofmakingiteasierforchildrentogetintoandconnectwith

nature,saidthathethoughtitispopularbecausepeoplearebecomingmoreawareofmajorenvironmental

challenges.Ifsaverypracticalwaytodosomethingpositiveinthelightofclimatechangeandlossofbiodiversity.

JeroenSchenkels,asenioradviserforthecityofUtrechtongreenplanning,saidhesawthemini-forestsas

nature-basedapproachesthatareabletohelpthecityweatherheatwavesandimprovewaterretention（保持）.But

oneofthebiggestinterestsissocial.nOneofthemostimportantthingsisthattheygivepeopletheopportunityto

beinvolvedinnatureintheneighbourhood,"Schenkelssaid.

Between2018and2020,40differentplantandanimalgroupsand121totalanimalspecieswerefoundinthe

Muziekpleinforestalone.AccordingtoWageningenUniversityresearchers,acrossthe11tinyforestsintheirstudy,

volunteersobserved636animalspecies.Theyalsoidentified298plantspeciesinadditiontotheoriginalspecies

plantedintheplots.Maintenance（維護(hù)）oftheforestsoccasionallyinvolvesremovingaggressiveweeds,butin

generalnewplantspecies,suchaswildflowersthatappear,areallowedtogrow.

1.WhatdoweknowabouttheMuziekpleinforest?

A.Itisnewlyplanted.

B.Itsitsinanurbanarea.

C.Itgrowsalongarailway.

D.Itisshapedlikeabasketballcourt.

2.WhafsthepurposeoftheTinyForestinitiative?

A.Tomakepeoplerealizeenvironmentalchallenges.

B.Tomakenaturemoreaccessibletochildren.

C.ToincreasetheNetherlands*biodiversity.

D.Tocallforactiononclimatechange.

3.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?

A.Benefitsofmini-forestsincities.

B.Waystokeepneighbourhoodsgreen.

C.Inspirationforplantingforestsincities.

D.Importanceofbeingexposedtonature.

4.Howdoestheauthorstatetheforestseffectonbiodiversity?

A.Bylistingfigures.

B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Bydoingexperiments.

D.Bymakingcomparisons.

解析：

1.B推斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的HTheMuziekpleinforest.nexttoan18-storybuilding...aparkingplace"可

知,Muziekplein森林附近有一座18層的高樓和一條鐵路線，它所在的區(qū)域曾經(jīng)是個(gè)停車場(chǎng)。由此可推知，該

森林位于城鎮(zhèn)區(qū)域，故選B

2.B理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段中的"withthegoalofmakingiteasierforchildrenlogetinto

andconnectwithnature"MIKI1.DaanBleichrodt，*起的微型森林計(jì)戈！J的目的是讓孩子仃更容易接近大自然，

故選B、

3.A理解主合要義題。根據(jù)第三段中的"heseesthemini-forestsbeinvolvedinnatureintheneighbourhood”可

知，城市里的微型森林不僅可以幫助城市抵御熱浪，提高蓄水能力，還使人們有更多機(jī)會(huì)接觸周I叩的自然環(huán)

境,故本段主耍關(guān)注的是城市里的微型森林的益處，故選A。

4.A推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"40differentplantandanimalgroupsand121totalanimalspecies...forest

alone11nacrossthe11...636animalspecies11nidentified298plantspeciesinadditiontotheoriginalspecies”可知，作

者用了列數(shù)字的方法來說明城市里的微型森林對(duì)生物多樣性的

影響，故選A。

Passage3

Onthefaceofit,theLaysanalbatross（信天翁）isdoingfairlywell.Itspopulationisaround1.6million,and

maybegrowing.InternationalUnionforConservationofNature（IUCN）classifiesitas"nearlyendangered"and

placesitonthesecondlevelfromthebottomoftheorganization'ssevenladderstoextinction.However,likethe

reasonablyabundantmonarchbutterfly（帝王蝶）,theLaysanalbatrosshasanAchillesheel.Thoughmonarchs

rangeacrossmuchofNorthAmerica,manyhavelivedoverwinterinthesamefewsmallwoodsincentralMexico.

Destroythosetreesandyouwouldendangerthespecies.TheLaysanalbatrossisalikeinthisrespect.

AdultbirdscrossmuchofthePacificOcean.Butmorethan90%oftheLaysanalbatrossstartedlifeononeof

twosites,MidwayandLaysan,whichhavebeendevelopedfromtheiroriginalmountainousvolcanicislandsto

theircurrentstate,onlycoralrocksstickingoutafewmetersabovesealevel.Wipeoutthosebreeding(繁殖)

placesandtheLaysanalbatrosswouldshootrightuptheIUCNladder.

Andthatisjustwhatsomeexpertsfear,forbothMidwayandLaysan,whichareamongtheoldestpartsofthe

Hawaiianchain,havebeendamagedovertime.Astormin2011destroyedhundredsofthousandsofnests,and

thousandsarelosteveninnormalyears.Risingsealevelsmaymakethisworse.Thenitistimetospreadthe

species*riskbybuildingbreedingplacesfbrtheLaysanalbatrosselsewhere.

AprojectsetupbyagroupcalledPacificRimConservation(PRC)begantodosoin2015.Theymoved

albatrosseggstoOahu,homeofHawaii*scapitalHonolulu.Afterdevelopingandhatching,theyareshiftedtoa

wildlifeshelterandhand-fedforfivemonthsuntiltheymatureandleavetheisland.

Thegroupalsobroadcastsalbatrosscallsandplacessomemodelbirds,hopingthesetrickswillencouragethe

babybirdstocometheretobreedasadults.Thatseemsreasonablygood.Ofthe46Laysanalbatrossessuccessfully

raised,sevenhavesofarreturned.And,asabonus,themodelbirdsandcallshavealsoattractedhundredsofadult

Laysanalbatrossvisitors,includingthefourpairsthathavebeguntonest.

1.WhafsthesimilaritybetweenthemonarchbutterflyandtheLaysanalbatross?

A.TheyarenativetocentralMexico.

B.Theirhabitatsaregreatlydestroyed.

C.Theirpopulationsareontheincrease.

D.Theyrelymuchoncertainconditions.

2.Whataresomeexpertsafraidof?

A.Risingsealevels.

B.Theharmfulstorms.

C.Lossofalbatrosses*livingplaces.

D.DestructionoftheHawaiianchain.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthePRCproject?

A.It'snevertoolatetomend.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Preventtroublebeforeithappens.

D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.

35.Whydoesthegroupusealbatrosscallsandmodelbirds?

A.Toattractthealbatrossbacktonest.

B.Tohelpkeeptheecosystembalanced.

C.Tomaketheconservationmorelively.

D.Toofferchicksahealthyenvironment.

解析：

1.D理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Destroythosetreesandyouwouldendangerthespecies.TheLaysan

albatrossisalikeinthisrespect1,和第二段中的"Wipeoutthosebreeding（繁殖）placesandtheLaysanalbatross

wouldshootrightuptheIUCNladder”可知.黑背信天翁和市王蝶的相似之處是他們都非常依賴某中環(huán)境

2.C理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句及第三段中的"forbothMidwayandLaysanhavebeen

damagedovertime.Astormin2011destroyedhundredsofthousandsofnests.Rising

sealevelsmaymakethisworse”可知，一些專家擔(dān)憂的是黑背信天翁的棲息地會(huì)喪失，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致其滅絕，故選C

3.C推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Wipeoutthosebreeding（繁殖）places..upthelUCNladder”及第三段的最后一

句可知，黑背信天翁面臨著嚴(yán)重的生存威脅，需要在其他地方建立繁殖地米降低這一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。再結(jié)合第四段的

內(nèi)容可知,環(huán)大平洋環(huán)境保護(hù)組織的項(xiàng)目早在2015年就這樣做了。該項(xiàng)目把信天翁的蛋我移到夏威夷首府檀

香山所在的瓦胡島。在發(fā)育和孵化后，它們被轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)野生動(dòng)物收容所并由人工喂養(yǎng)五個(gè)月，直到亡們成

熟并離開該島。由此可推知.環(huán)太平洋環(huán)境保護(hù)組織的做法是防忠手未然的體現(xiàn)，故選C。A項(xiàng)意為”亡羊補(bǔ)牢.

猶木晚矣”;B項(xiàng)意為”行動(dòng)勝于語言”;項(xiàng)意為”有志者事競(jìng)成”

4.A理解具體信息題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Thegroupalsobroadcastsalbatrosscalls...encouragethechicksto

cometheretobreedasadults"ifAl該組織使用信天翁叫聲和模型馬是為了吸引信天翁回來筑巢，故選A.

Passage4

Sewingcanbefunandcreative.Buthaveyoueverthoughtthatasewingmachinecanalsomeantheworldto

manypeoplearoundtheglobethatuseitastheirmainsourceofincome?

WhenMargaretJankowskidiscoveredthis,shedecidedtofoundTheSewingMachineProject,anorganization

thatcollectsdonatedusedmachinesandredistributestheminremoteplaceslikeSriLanka,Guatemala,Guam,and

Kosovo.ItalsoaimstohelpthoseinDetroitandNewOrleans.

In2004,whenatsunami（海嘯）hitSriLanka,Margaretwasdeeplytouchedbythestoryofaparticularwoman.

Afterthevillageshelivedinwasdestroyedbythenaturaldisaster,shelosteverything,includinghersewing

machine,herapproachtofutureearnings.ThisstorymadeMargaretdecidetocollectusedsewingmachinesand

sendthemtoSriLanka.Afterattendingalocalnewsprogramwhereshepresentedheridea,shestartedreceiving

scoresofsewingmachines.

TheSewingMachineProjectcoversabasicyetnecessaryneedofmanyimpoverishedpeoplearoundtheworld.

Forthem,sewingcanbeatoolforsurvival.Whetherinafactoryorathome,asewingmachinecanbethedoorto

brighterfinancialopportunities.

AfterHurricaneKatrinaoccurredin2005,acommunityofNewOrleansthatwearsskilfullymadesuitsfortheir

owntraditionalfestivallostmanyoftheirsewingmachines.Sincethen,thenon-profitorganizationhasdistributed

hundredsofmachinesamongthecreatorsofthecostumes,helpingthemmaintaintheirculturalidentityaswellas

theirincome.

1.Whydoestheauthorraisethequestioninthefirstparagraph?

A.Tomakereadersreflect.B.Toleaduptotheproject.

C.Tostresstheroleofsewing.D.Tointroducesewingmachines.

2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Destructionofthe2004tsunami.B.Inspirationfortheorganization.

C.ThestoryofawomaninSriLanka.D.TheexperienceofMargaretin2004.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impoverished"Paragraph4mean?

A.Disabled.B.Suffering.C.Poor.D.Displaced.

4.WhyisthecommunityinNewOrleansmentionedtheend?

A.Tointroduceitsculturalidentity.

B.Toprovetheimportanceofkeepingtraditions.

C.Toexplaintheprojecfsachievement.

D.Toshowanotherfunctionofsewingmachines.

解析：

1.B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中WhenMargaretJankowskidiscoveredthis

shedecidedtofoundTheSewingMachineProjectanorganizationthatcollectsdonatedusedmachinesandredistrib

utestheminremoteplaceslikeSriLanka,Guatemala,Guam,andKosovo.（當(dāng)瑪格麗特?揚(yáng)科夫斯基發(fā)現(xiàn)這一

點(diǎn)時(shí)，她決定成立縫紉機(jī)項(xiàng)目，該組織收集捐贈(zèng)的舊機(jī)器，并將其重新分發(fā)到斯里蘭卡、危地馬拉、關(guān)島

和科索沃等偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。）并結(jié)合下文可知，文章主要講述了MargaretJankowski創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)公益組織，募捐

舊縫紉機(jī)并重新分配給有需要的人們，幫他們維持生計(jì)，同時(shí)也使人們保留他們的文化認(rèn)同。由此可知，

第一段提出問題的目的是為了引出這個(gè)公益組織的話題。故選B。

2.B.段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中ThisstorymadeMargaretdecidetocollectusedsewingmachinesandsendthe

mtoSriLanka.（這個(gè)故事讓瑪格麗特決定收集二手縫紉機(jī)，并將其送到斯里蘭卡。）可知，第三段主要講述

了Margaret成立TheSewingMachineProject的靈感。故選Bo

3.C.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段

TheSewingMachineProjectcoversabasicyetnecessaryneedofmanyimpoverishedpeoplearoundtheworld.Fo

rthem,sewingcanbeatoolforsurvival.Whetherinafactoryorathome,

asewingmachinecanbethedoortobrighterfinancialopportunities.（縫紉機(jī)項(xiàng)目涵蓋了世界各地許多貧困人口

的基本需求。對(duì)他們來說，縫紉可以成為生存的工具。無論是在工廠還是在家里，縫紉機(jī)都是通向更光明

的經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)的大門。）可知，劃線詞"impoverished"意為"貧窮的”。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)：A.Disabled殘疾的；B.Exhausted

疲憊的；C.Poor貧窮的；D.Pessimistic悲觀的。故選Co

4.A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的Asewingmachinecanalsoenablemanytopreservetheirculturalidentity.

AfterHurricaneKatrinaoccurredin2005,acommunityofNewOrleansthatwears

skillfully-madesuitsfortheirowntraditionalfestivallostmanyoftheirsewingmachines.（縫紉機(jī)也能使許多人保

持他們的文化身份。2005年卡特里娜颶風(fēng)發(fā)生后，新奧爾良一個(gè)為自己的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日穿著精心制作的西裝的

社區(qū)失去了許多縫紉機(jī)。）可知，縫紉機(jī)也能讓更多人保持他們的文化。由此可知，最后一段提到NewOrleans

是為了突出它的文化特色。故選A。

Passage5

Plasticsareamazingmaterials,whicharewidelyusedinourdailylife.Besides,they'reoftencheaptomake.

About8.3billionmetrictonsofplastichasbeenproducedtodate.Thafsabout1,400timestheweightoftheGreat

PyramidofGiza.Someofthatplasticisstillinuse.Butabout5.8billionmetrictonshavebeenthrownaway.

Allthatplasticwasteisanenvironmentalscourge（禍根）.Onlyabout9percentofplasticwastehasbeen

recycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned.Theremaining79percenthaswoundupinlandfillsorinnature.

Andthatplastic,likeasingleLegoblock,takesalongtimetodecompose（分解）.

Plasticlitterstheworldfromthehighestmountaintoptothedeepestseafloor.Manyanimalsmistakethis

rubbishforfood.Iftheygetfull,theseanimalsmayforgettoeatrealfoodandsuffer.Plasticrubbishintheoceans

alsoleavesbirds,turtlesandotherwildlifeinajam.

Bigpiecesofplasticaren'ttheonlyproblem.Abandonedplasticcanbreakintotinybitscalledmicroplastics.

Windsblowthesebitsfarandwide.Oceancurrentscanspreadthemthroughoutthesea.Thesepollutantsbuildup

insideanimals.Theyalsogetintoourfoodanddrinkingwater.EachAmericanislikelytoconsumemorethan

70,000microplasticpiecesperyear.Rightnow,nooneknowswhatriskthatmightbring.

Scientistshavesomeideasabouthowtocleanupthismess.TheOceanCleanupisdevelopingcleanupsystems

tofishoutplasticpiecesfromtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Microbesormealwormswithanappetiteforplastic

mightsomedayeatthegarbage.Andnewnanotechnologycouldhelpmicroplasticsdecomposeintheenvironment.

Butmanyoftheseplansarestillfarfromeffectivesofar.ThebestwaytohelpEarthrightnowistostopbuyingso

muchplastic-andthenthrowingitout-inthefirstplace.

1.WhatdoestheLegoblockshowaboutplasticwaste?

A.Itishardtobreakdown.

B.Littleofithasbeenburned.

C.Itiseasytoaccumulate.

D.Mostofitendsupinlandfills.

2.Howmighttheplasticrubbishinfluenceanimals?

A.Bystarvingthem.

B.Byreducingtheirfood.

C.Bypilingupintheirhomes.

D.Bychangingtheenvironment.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepresentmethodsofcleaningplasticwaste?

A.Opposed.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.

4.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?

A.Tocriticizeplasticproduction.

B.Tosuggestwaystohandleplastic.

C.Toadvocateenvironmentalprotection.

D.Tointroducethestateofplasticpollution.

解析：

1.A理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Andthatplastic,likeasingleLegoblock,takesalongtimeto

decompose（分解）”可知，像樂高積木那樣的塑料垃圾很難分解，故選A。

2.A推斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Manyanimalsmistakethisrubbishforfood...suffe/可推知，許多動(dòng)物會(huì)將塑

料垃圾當(dāng)成食物吃掉，吃飽之后，它們可能就忘記吃真正的食物，這最終很可能導(dǎo)致它們餓死

3.26.D理解態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Butmanyoftheseplansarestillfarfromeffectivesofh嚴(yán)可知，作者

對(duì)現(xiàn)行的清理塑料垃圾的方案持懷疑態(tài)度，故選D

4.C由每段段首可知，作者對(duì)塑料污染帶來的危害持有否定態(tài)度，并且表達(dá)出塑料污染“難處理”“難分

解”“對(duì)生態(tài)的影響”，最后一段并呼吁我們減少塑料制品的購買，所以是想宣揚(yáng)環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性。

Passage6

ReconAfrica,aCanadianoilandgascompany,hasrentedover34,000sqkmoflandinoneofthelastgreat

wildernessesinAfricaforplanstodevelopanewoilfield.Theexploratoryworkhasstarted,andexpertsdisclose

thatthenewoilfieldcouldbeamongthebiggestofrecentyears.Butconservationistsareafraidthattheoilfield

acrossBotswanaandNamibiawouldleadtothedevastationoflocalwildlifeandcommunities.

Theplansarethelatestthreattoelephantsinthearea,hundredsofwhichhavepassedawayinthepastyears.

Scientistsaremakingeffortstodiscoverthecauseoftheirdeathbutbelieveglobalheatingprovidestheperfect

environmentforalgae（藻類）tofastgrowandthatwhenthereisalargequantityofalgaeintheirwaterholes,deadly

poisonscanbeproduced.

nItisincomprehensiblethatReconAfrica*shuntforfossil（化石）fuelsispressingahead,"RosemaryAllesfrom

GlobalMarchforElephantsandRhinossaid."Herewearewithhundredsofelephantsdying,butafewkilometers

awaytheywanttostartdrillingforyetmoreoil.nShenotedthatvibrations（顫動(dòng)）andnoisefromexploratory

workareknowntodisturbelephants,andtheincreaseinconstruction,roadsandtrafficwouldnotonlydrivethe

animalsawaybutalsoopentheareauptohunters.

TheNamibiangovernmentsaidonlyexploratorylicenceshadsofarbeengiven,addingthatthe

exploratorywellsWerenotfoundinany"environmentallysensitiveregionandwillhavenosignificanteffecton

ourwildlife".Butenvironmentalistsandlocalcommunitiessaidtheprojectcouldharmmainwatersupplies.”

Everypartofthisoperation——fromnewroadstodrillinglocations-willthreatentheregionalecosystem/said

NnimmoBassey,directoroftheHealthofMotherEarthFoundation.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastation"meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Division.B.Destruction.C.Difference.D.Defence.

2.Whatmighthavedirectlycausedelephants*death?

A.Theoveruseoffossilfuel.

B.Anincreasingamountofalgae.

C.Climatechangeontheearth.

D.Poisonouswaterpollutedbyoil.

3.WhatdoesAllesthinkofReconAfrica^plans?

A.Unfavourable.B.Challenging.C.Urgent.D.Illegal.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.TheecosysteminAfricaisbeingdamaged.

B.ReconAfricaplanstoconstructanewoilfield.

C.Anewoilfieldthreatensthesurvivalofelephants.

D.ThenumberofAfricanelephantsisdeclining.

解析:

1.B根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中的but和afraid可知，面線詞所在句與環(huán)保人士對(duì)開發(fā)油田的擔(dān)憂有關(guān)。再結(jié)合

下文講到的油田計(jì)劃會(huì)干擾大象、污染主要的水源、威脅油田所在地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可知，畫線詞所在句表

示環(huán)保人士擔(dān)心油田會(huì)影響當(dāng)?shù)匾吧锏纳?，破壞?dòng)植物群落，故面線詞與B項(xiàng)”破壞，毀壞”的意思最

為接近,

2.B理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第二段的"globalheatingprovidestheperfectenvironment,deadlypoisonscanbe

produced”可知，全球熱化為藻類的快速生長(zhǎng)提供了完美的環(huán)境，而大象飲水的水坑中的大量藻類會(huì)產(chǎn)生致

命的毒素，由此可知，近幾年造成大象死亡的直接原因很可能是不斷增加的藻類，故選B。

3.A理解具體信息題。根據(jù)第三段的"vibrations（顫動(dòng)）andnoisefromexploratoryworkareknowntodisturb

elephants...opentheareauptohunters"可知,Alles認(rèn)為油田開采作業(yè)帶來的顫

勁和噪聲會(huì)干擾大象，不僅會(huì)驅(qū)使它們逃離，還會(huì)讓獵人進(jìn)人該地區(qū)，即油田開發(fā)計(jì)劃會(huì)讓大象陷人危險(xiǎn),

故Alles認(rèn)為油田開發(fā)計(jì)劃是有害的。

4.C理解主旨要義題.通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了加拿大的公司ReconAfiica計(jì)劃在非洲開發(fā)的油田

可能會(huì)破壞該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),尤其會(huì)威脅當(dāng)?shù)卮笙蟮纳?，故選C

Passage7

We'reallfamiliarwithmigration（遷徙）：WildebeestsdashacrossAfrica;monarchbutterfliesflyacrossthe

Americas...Butdidyouknowthatforestsmigrate,too?

InhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees,sciencewriterZachSt.Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration,

asforestscreepinchbyinchtomorepleasantplaces.

"Themigrationofaforestisjustthatmanytreessprout（發(fā)芽）inthesamedirection,nSt.Georgewrites.

"Throughthefossilsthatancientforestsleftbehind,scientistscantracktheirmovementoverthousandsofyears.

Theymovebackandforthacrosscontinents,sometimesfollowingthesameroutemorethanonce,likemigrating

birdsorwhales.nThishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetendstobethedrivingforce.

Ofcourse,today,climatechangeisspeedingup,andtreescan'tkeeppace.TakeCaliforniaforexample:Ifs

gettinghotteranddrierandscientistsestimatethat-Beforetoolong,SequoiaNationalParkmaynotbeableto

keepgiantseguoias（巨杉）.

"ThescientiststherehadneverseenanythinglikeSt.Georgesays.nTheyworried,andIthinkatsomepointwe

willlosetheseancienttreesandthatwewillhavetothinkaboutwhatwedowiththeplaces,andwhetherwe

shouldplantnewgroveswheretheyareeasytogrow.n

Thisisknownas"assistedmigration”-humansplanttreesinotherplaceswherethey'remorelikelytoflourish.

Butthisprocesscarriesrisks-peoplecanaccidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonewplaces,wherethey

maywipeoutentirenativepopulations.

So,St.Georgewrites,there'sadebateamongconservationistsandforesterstoday:Shouldhumanshelpthetrees

escape?

"Theremaybecaseswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey*ll

bemoresuitableinthefuture/St.Georgesays.nSofar,therearenohugemovementsofcitizengroupsmoving

treesnorth.ButthatiskindofonevisionofthefuturethatthepeopleIinterviewsortofhopetosee.n

1.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthemigrationofaforest?

A.Itismainlytheresultofclimatechange.

B.Itoftenfollowscertainmigratingspecies.

C.Ittakesthousandsofyearstocompleteit.

D.Itisverydifficulttotrackthemigration.

2.WhydoestheauthormentionSequoiaNationalPark?

A.Tostresstheparkisfacingaseveresituation.

B.Toshowtreesfailtoadapttoclimatechange.

C.Toprove"assistedmigration"carriesrisks.

D.Tostatescientistsarehopefulabouttheenvironment.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”flourish"inParagraph6mean?

A.Becomevaluable.B.Developrapidly.C.Growwell.D.Escapediseases.

4.What'sSt.George'sattitudetowardshelpingthetreesescape?

A.Skeptical.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Disapproving.

解析：

1.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第三段Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetendstobe

thedrivingforce.（這已經(jīng)發(fā)生了數(shù)千年，而氣候變化往往是驅(qū)動(dòng)力。）可知，這主要是氣候變化的結(jié)果。故

選Ao

2.B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段Ofcourse,today,climatechangeisspeedingup,andtreescan*tkeep

pace.TakeCalifornia：ifsgettinghotteranddryerandscientistsestimatethatbeforetoolong,SequoiaNational

Parkmaynotbeabletokeepgiantsequoias（巨杉）.（當(dāng)然，今天，氣候變化正在加速，樹木無法跟上。以加

州為例：天氣變得越來越熱、越來越干燥，科學(xué)家估計(jì)，不久之后，紅杉國(guó)家公園可能無法留住巨