備戰(zhàn)2022年中考（外研版初中英語）-廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)沖刺專項練習(xí)一-名詞

專題一名詞命題點1名詞詞義辨析（必考：2~3道）中考解讀：廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)中考主要在單項選擇和完形填空中考查名詞詞義辨析，旨在檢測考生在具體且有意義的語境中運用目標(biāo)詞匯的能力。解題技巧：解答名詞詞義辨析類試題的關(guān)鍵是讀懂語境，理解詞義。1.—Theairisveryfreshinourcity.Thereisless________thanbefore.—Yes.Thegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotecttheenvironment.A.wood B.pollution C.noise D.water2.ThenumberofthepeopleusingHuawei________isgettinglargerandlarger.A.cultures B.customersC.products D.histories3.It'snotagood________forstudentstogoonlinejustforanswerstohomework.A.skill B.game C.hobby D.habit4.MycousinandIoftenwalktothe________toseepandasonweekends.A.bank B.zoo C.market D.hospital5.Bettyhasabeautiful________.Shewantstobeasingerinthefuture.A.voice B.look C.noise D.sound6.—Oh,mydear!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?—I'mafraidthatwehaveno________buttotakeataxi.A.idea B.decision C.reason D.choice7.Tokeepourcitybeautiful,the________arealwaysverybusyinthestreets.A.policemen B.cleanersC.drivers D.teachers8.—Thisrestaurantisalwaysfullofpeople.—Yes,that'sbecauseitprovidesverygood________andthefoodisdelicious.A.service B.danger C.ground D.metal9.—Isittruethatsomecolorscanmakeusfeelrelaxed?—Yes.Colorsdohavethe________tochangeourfeelingsandmoods.A.secret B.idea C.power D.experience10.Wewenttothe________lastnight.Thefilmwassofunny.A.museum B.bank C.cinema D.park11.Weusuallycleanourclassroomin________.Sometimes,wehelpeachother.A.half B.turn C.rest D.magic12.Marydoeswellindrawing.Sheplanstohavea(n)________showinherschool.A.music B.maths C.art D.science13.Ithinkahealthybodyisthegreatest________.Wecandonothingwithoutit.A.wealth B.doubt C.light D.excuse14.Don'tlookupeachnewwordinthe________whilereading.Youcanguessitsmeaningfirst.A.menu B.dictionary C.list D.map13.Ithinkahealthybodyisthegreatest________.Wecandonothingwithoutit.A.wealth B.doubt C.light D.excuse14.Don'tlookupeachnewwordinthe________whilereading.Youcanguessitsmeaningfirst.A.menu B.dictionary C.list D.map17.Thereisno________thatNiDahongisagoodactor.Wealllikehimverymuch.A.health B.doubt C.dream D.space18.—What'sthelast________ofayear?—December.Ilikegoingskatingatthattime.A.minute B.hour C.month D.season19.Everyoneshouldtake________inhisowncountry.I'mveryproudofbeingaChinese.A.cost B.pride C.time D.value20.Somepeopleridebikestogotowork.Theywanttoreduce________pollution.A.water B.air C.soil D.light命題點2名詞的數(shù)(2019.81，2018.84)中考解讀：名詞的數(shù)在近4年廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)考查較少。解題技巧：針對此類試題，考生應(yīng)判斷是考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)還是不可數(shù)名詞。如果是可數(shù)名詞，還要判定用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)。1.辨別空格前的修飾語(1)只修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：few很少，幾乎沒有 afew一些；幾個several幾個 different不同的acoupleof兩個 many(a)很多a(great/large)numberof若干；許多(2)只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：little很少，幾乎沒有 alittle一點兒；少量 much很多agood/greatdealof很多 alargeamountof大量的(3)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語：some一些alotof很多l(xiāng)otsof很多plentyof充足的most大多數(shù)的all全部的therestof剩下的2.判定所給名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞類別特點可數(shù)名詞①有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，如：desk→desks。②前面可用基數(shù)詞、不定冠詞

(a/an)及many

等詞修飾，如：three

boys,

an

apple,

many

students。類別特點不可數(shù)名詞①沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。物質(zhì)名詞、專有名詞及抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，如：tea,

Tian'anmen

Square,

courage。②前面可用

much,

little

等詞修飾，不可以被基數(shù)詞或不定冠詞(a/an)直接修飾；若表示數(shù)量，可用量詞來修飾、限定，如：a

piece

of

paper,

two

cups

of

tea。3.判定可數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于物體是單個還是多個，如果只有一個就用單數(shù)，若是多個就用復(fù)數(shù)。具體情況如下：(1)填單數(shù)形式的判定方法：①a/an/this/that/every/each/another/either/one/序數(shù)詞/anyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；②可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋be動詞單數(shù)形式/謂語動詞的單三形式；③結(jié)合上下文語境或者句中對應(yīng)的提示詞，如：it,its等；④用于某些固定短語或搭配、專有名詞中，如：theGreatWall等。(2)填復(fù)數(shù)形式的判定方法：①these/those/不定代詞(many/some/several/few/afew/both/all/other等)/大于1的基數(shù)詞/oneof(＋形容詞最高級)/manya/quiteafew/apairof/acoupleof/a(great/large)numberof/differentkindsof/allkindsof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；②可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋and＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；③可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋be動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式/謂語動詞原形；④結(jié)合上下文語境或句中對應(yīng)的提示詞，如：them,their；⑤通常用復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：chopsticks筷子，clothes衣服，glasses眼鏡，scissors剪刀，socks襪子，trousers褲子。?可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化表構(gòu)成方法舉例一般情況加sstar→stars；

gift→gifts；

invention→inventions以字母

s,

x,

sh,

ch結(jié)尾的詞加

esclass→classes；

box→boxes；

brush→brushes；watch→watches特例：stomach→stomachs構(gòu)成方法舉例以

f

或

fe

結(jié)尾的詞變

f

或fe

為

v

再加esleaf→leaves；

knife→knives；shelf→shelves；

wife→wives特例：roof→roofs；proof→proofs；belief→beliefs以輔音字母加

y

結(jié)尾的詞先變

y

為

i，再加esparty→parties；

baby→babies；story→stories；

family→families構(gòu)成方法舉例以元音字母加

y

結(jié)尾的詞加skey→keys；holiday→holidays;

monkey→monkeys以

ce,

se,

ze,

ge

等結(jié)尾的加sface→faces；license→licenses；prize→prizes；orange→oranges以

o

結(jié)尾有生命的加

es,

無生命的加stomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；photo→photos；piano→pianos?可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化表構(gòu)成方法舉例改變元音字母man→men；

woman→women特例：German→Germans;

human→humansfoot→feet；

tooth→teeth；特例：boot→boots構(gòu)成方法舉例單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep→sheep；

deer→deer；Chinese→Chinese；

Japanese→Japanese其他形式mouse→mice；

child→children?初中常見的不可數(shù)名詞類別舉例抽象名詞概念advice

勸告；建議

environment

環(huán)境

help

幫助homework

家庭作業(yè)

information

信息；消息luck

幸運；運氣

knowledge

知識；學(xué)問

peace

和平

space

太空；空間

trouble

問題；苦惱

類別舉例抽象名詞學(xué)科chemistry

化學(xué)geography

地理

math

數(shù)學(xué)

physics

物理情感friendship

友誼fun

開心；娛樂

joy

歡樂；樂趣類別舉例物質(zhì)名詞材料cotton

棉；棉花gold

金子；金幣

plastic

塑料；塑膠

silk

絲綢；絲織物

飲食milk

牛奶

water

水

soup

湯

tea

茶

juice

果汁

coffee

咖啡wine

酒

food

食物

bread

面包

cheese

奶酪

beef

牛肉

meat

肉

porridge

粥

rice

米

salt

鹽

sugar

糖類別舉例物質(zhì)名詞自然物體air

空氣

ice

冰fire

火

grass

草；草地

sand

沙子

soil

土壤wind

風(fēng)

light

光；光線；光亮

oil

油；食用油；石油temperature

溫度；氣溫；體溫

weather

天氣

rain

雨

snow雪名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)chicken小雞雞肉orange橙子橙汁experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗paper試卷，論文紙exercise練習(xí)鍛煉radio收音機無線電glass玻璃杯玻璃room房間空間名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)iron熨斗鐵time次數(shù)，倍數(shù)時間life生命生活wood樹林木頭，木材light電燈光，光線work

作品工作

?既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞的詞?集合名詞集合名詞常分為以下兩類：1.形式為單數(shù)，但意義可以為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，如：family,team,group,class,government,army,audience等。當(dāng)它們作主語時，如果強調(diào)一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強調(diào)集體中的每一個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.形式為單數(shù)，但意義永遠(yuǎn)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：people,police等，這類詞只有單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，不與a/an連用，可與the連用，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？键c小測：21.I'dlikesome________and______．A.banana;tomato B.bananas;tomatoC.bananas;tomatoes D.banana;tomatoes22.—CanIhelpyou,Madam?—Yes.________，please.A.Twopairofsocks B.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsock D.Twopairofsock23.Americansalwaysuse________tohavemealswhileChineseusechopsticks.A.knife B.bowl C.forks D.paper24.—Wouldyoulikesome________？—No,thanks.I'mnothungryatall.A.bread B.milk C.juice D.dumpling25.AllthestudentsinthisclassloveMr.Chen.Heisverykindandhasmuchteaching________．A.experiences B.experienceC.experiment D.experiments26.Thepassagegivesuslotsofwonderful________onhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.suggestion B.adviceC.decision D.advantages27.Therearetwobeautiful________inthepicture.A.womans B.women C.woman D.womens28.Ilike________.Theyaremyfavouritefruit.A.candy B.candies C.pear D.pears29.Nowadayswecanlearnagreatdealof________abouttheworldthroughtheInternet.A.information B.books C.people D.countries30.—What________doyoulike?—Ilikeplayingtennisandrunning.A.subjects B.subject C.sports D.sport31.Therearesome________onthewalloftheclassroom.A.picture B.desks C.pictures D.desk32.Whenthewindblows,________flyfromtrees.A.leaf B.fruit C.leaves D.bird33.Thebroken________mayhurtyourhandifyoutouchit,soyoumustbecareful.A.glass B.silk C.candle D.eraser34.—Kelly,youarechosentogiveaspeechintomorrow'smeeting.—Whatgood________you'vegivenme!Thanksalot.A.news B.advice C.plans D.questions35.Myyoungerbrotherlikeseating________verymuch.ButInevereatthembecauseIthinktheyarebadformyhealth.A.apples B.hamburgersC.chocolate D.rice命題點3名詞所有格(2018.38)中考解讀：近4年廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)只在2018年單項選擇中考查了名詞所有格。一般其考查點共有兩個角度：①'s所有格(2018.38)；②雙重所有格。解題技巧：解答此類試題時，考生應(yīng)先分析題干和選項，如果空格后是名詞，且空格處和空格后名詞為一種所屬關(guān)系或空格處所填詞是表示時間、距離、國家等無生命的名詞，則判定考查名詞所有格；如果有涉及所有格的選項，則可以判斷本題考查名詞所有格。名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系，常譯為“……的”。?'s所有格(2018.38)類別構(gòu)成方法示例有生命的單數(shù)名詞加'smy

son's

pen

我兒子的鋼筆Lily's

friends

莉莉的朋友有生命的復(fù)數(shù)名詞以

s

結(jié)尾加'

the

teachers'

office

老師們的辦公室

不以

s

結(jié)尾加'swomen's

work

婦女的工作

類別構(gòu)成方法示例表示時間、距離、國家等的名詞單數(shù)加'san

hour's

walk

步行一小時的路程China's

products

中國的產(chǎn)品

復(fù)數(shù)加'five

minutes'

walk

步行五分鐘的路程類別構(gòu)成方法示例表示幾個人共同擁有在最后一個名詞后加'sTom

and

Jim's

room湯姆和吉姆共同的房間表示每個人各自擁有在每個名詞后加'sMike's

and

John's

desks邁克和約翰各自的書桌通常用來表示無生命事物的名詞的?of所有格所屬關(guān)系，其形式為：名詞＋of＋名詞。如：thedooroftheroom房門?雙重所有格雙重所有格主要表示整體中的一部分，有兩種形式：①of＋名詞's，如：afriendofmyfather's我父親的一個朋友②of＋名詞性物主代詞，如：abookofmine我的一本書36.(2018北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)38題)Thewomaninahatis________aunt.A.JackandJohn B.Jack'sandJohnC.Jack'sandJohn's D.JackandJohn's37.Youknowit's________Daytoday.Shehasreceivedadozenofrosesfromherhusband.A.Woman B.Women C.Woman's D.Women's38.IfIleavemyhouseat9o'clockanddrivetotheairport,I'llarriveatabout11.Soit'sabouttwo________drivefrommyhousetotheairport.A.hours B.hour's C.hours' D.hour39.Thepolicesavedthree________livesintheaccident.A.child B.child'sC.children D.children's40.UncleWangisanexcellentengineer.Heisafriendof________．A.myfather' B.myfather’s C.myfathers D.myfathers'41.Thewomanwearingapairofglassesis________．A.LilyandLucy'smotherB.Lily'sandLucy'smotherC.Lily'sandLucy'smothersD.LilyandLucy'smothers42.TodayisSeptember10th.It's________Day.Let'ssay“Thankyou”toourteachers.A.Teacher's B.theTeachers'C.Teachers D.Teachers'43.Theonlineshopsells________shoesatverylowprices.A.childandmen's B.childrenandmen'sC.children'sandmen D.children'sandmen's44.—Howfarisyourhomefromthetrainstation?—It'sabout20________walk.A.minute B.minutes C.minute's D.minutes'45.Knowledgecanhelpopenupthe________eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.A.students' B.student'sC.students D.student命題點4名詞填空—針對單詞拼寫中考解讀：廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)近4年在單詞拼寫題型中對名詞共考查8次，每年考查2道，且題位比較固定，2019，2018，2017年都在76題和80題考查；2020年在76題和78題考查。所考詞匯均不變形，且抽象名詞考查固定搭配居多(如：2018.80：inthecornerof；2017.80：ataheightof)。單詞拼寫題干相對比較簡單，具體的解題方法可分為以下兩種情況：解題技巧：1.若所給漢語提示為明顯的名詞考生只需根據(jù)修飾詞、固定結(jié)構(gòu)等考慮所填詞匯即可。2.若所給漢語提示具備兩種詞性考生首先要結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)或語境判斷空處是否填名詞，在判斷的過程中需要注意以下8點：(1)位于句首，在句中作主語。如：Englishismyfavouritesubject.英語是我最喜歡的科目。(2)位于動詞或介詞后作賓語。如：Sheusuallygoestoschoolbybike.她通常騎自行車去上學(xué)。(3)位于形容詞后。如：Hewasthemostimportantpersonontheisland.他是島上最重要的人。(4)位于限定詞this,these,those,many,some,any,alotof,every等后。如：Thissweaterfeelssoft.這件毛衣摸起來很柔軟。(5)位于數(shù)詞后。如：Iamthefirstsoninmyfamily.我是家里的長子。(6)位于系動詞后作表語。如：LucyandTomarestudents．露西和湯姆是學(xué)生。(7)位于冠詞后。如：Sheisadancer．她是一名舞蹈家。(8)位于形容詞性物主代詞后。如：Hissisterisgoodatplayingtheviolin.他的姐姐/妹妹擅長拉小提琴?？键c小測：46.In________(春天),flowerscomeoutandgrassturnsgreen.47.Trytokeepcalmwhenyouarein________(危險).48.Ihaveagood________(記憶).Icanrememberallofthenewwords.49.Itisgoodforourhealthtoeatmore________(水果)andvegetables.50.Inmostcountries,Thanksgivingisalwaysonthefourth__________(星期四)inNovember.51.John,your________(臥室)issodirty,remembertotidyitup.52.Youmustn'tgoacrossthestreetwhenthe________(交通)lightsarered.53.MyfatherandUncleWanghavebeengoodfriendsformanyyears,andtheir________(友誼)isverystrong.54.Awell--trainedmath________(教師)canbringaclassroomtolife.55.Iwenttothebeachyesterday,andIhadfunplayingwith________(沙子)．56.Ifyoucan'tworkouttheproblem,youcanaskyourteacherfor________(幫助)．57.Asisknowntousall,knowledgecanhelpour________(國家)developquickly.58.Iwanttosearchforthesecretsofthe________(宇宙)whenIgrowup.59.Hecalledthe________(警察)becausehisneighbor'spartywastoonoisy.60.Thispink________(毛衣)ismuchcheaperthanthatblueone,soKate'smotherwillbuythepinkone.命題點5用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空——針對詞形變換中考解讀：廣西北部灣經(jīng)濟區(qū)近4年詞形變換中考查名詞的情況分為四種：①填原形；②填復(fù)數(shù)形式；③填名詞所有格；④填形容詞。解題技巧：解答此類試題時，重點是要分析句子成分，根據(jù)空格前后的詞、句子前后關(guān)系及所填詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)來確定要填何種形式。1.填原形(1)不可數(shù)名詞：①根據(jù)上下文語境判斷。②固定搭配。如：—WhatwasLindadoingatthattime?—Oh,shewasgoingforawalk(walk).(2)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)：①a/an/one/this＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。②根據(jù)上下文語境判斷。2.填復(fù)數(shù)(1)固定句型：oneof＋the(＋形容詞最高級)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：oneofthenationalheroes(hero)(2018.84)；(2)some/many/several/these/those/few/afew/＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：somebooks(book);afewmistakes(mistake)；(3)moreandmore＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：moreandmorechildren(child)；(4)大于1的基數(shù)詞＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：twocakes(cake)；(5)apairof/allkindsof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：allkindsofactivities(activity)；(6)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋and＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：knives(knife)andforks(fork)；(7)所跟謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：—Doyouliketogoclimbingattheweekend?—No.Ilikedancingandpainting.Theyaremyhobbies(hobby).(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化表詳見本專題命題點2)3.填所有格如果空格后是名詞，則考慮填形容詞或名詞所有格，再結(jié)合語境，如果表示一種所屬關(guān)系，則用名詞所有格。(1)名詞所有格＋名詞。如：oneandahalfhours'(hour)time(2)固定搭配。如：tenminutes'(minute)walk(3)專有名詞：如：Women's(woman)Day(更多名詞所有格講解詳見本專題命題點3)4.填形容詞(1)空后為名詞，空處填形容詞作定語。如：WilliamShakespeareisasuccessful(success)Englishwriterofplaysandpoems.(2)空前為be動詞或感官動詞。如：It'ssunny(sun)today.WeChinesefeelveryproud(pride)ofChina'sastronauts.(3)固定句型：Itis＋形容詞＋todosth.。如：Itisnatural(nature)toforgetnewwordswhenyouarelearninglanguages.n.＋y(含雙寫n加y)sleep→sleepy

(2017.81)cloud→cloudy

sun→sunny

fun→funny

luck→lucky

health→healthyn.＋ful(含變y為i加ful)success→successful

care→carefulbeauty→beautiful

常考的名詞變換為形容詞的形式n.＋ese或(a)n

Africa→African

America→American

India→Indian

Australia→Australian

Europe→European

Japan→Japanese(注意：Canada→Canadian

China→Chinese

England→English)

n.＋al(含去e加al)

nature→natural

nation→national

culture→culturaln.＋lyfriend→friendly

love→lovely

live→lively特殊變形pride→proud考點小測：61.Ilikeautumnbest