高考英語一輪專題巡練 考點15 閱讀理解應(yīng)用文考點詳解（含解析）-人教版高三英語試題

考點15閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文主要指說明性的應(yīng)用文，包括各種廣告、產(chǎn)品說明、旅游指南、報刊書信、公共通告和備忘錄等；近兩年高考試題中的閱讀理解均側(cè)重考查此類。設(shè)題以細節(jié)理解題為主，熱衷話題有：就業(yè)、旅游、電影、書籍等海報。應(yīng)用文類型的閱讀文章一般說來比較易理解，文章類型以廣告形式居多，設(shè)問根據(jù)文章的段落秩序，多以細節(jié)事實理解為主，答案的尋找可以根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵字順藤摸瓜，輔以適當?shù)耐评砼袛唷?.先題后文先讀試題，了解試題考點；明確目的，快速捕捉，獲取信息。2.題干定向根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，按照題目順序依次而下：問題與材料相同→對號入座；問題與原文相同→同義替換、歸納事實等。3.生詞模糊遇到生詞；如與答題無關(guān)，直接跳過；涉及答題，則根據(jù)語境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。4.信息補全對于影響理解的省略句，可根據(jù)語境，將其補全。（2020?全國卷I，A）TrainInformationAllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty(失物招領(lǐng))CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.AustraliaDay,AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable，Beforetravelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewheelchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleaseQueenslandRailon131617.Guardiantrains(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22am21.Whatwouldyoudogettickerinformation?A.Call131617. B.Visittranslink.com.au.C.Askatthelocalstation. D.Checkthetrainschedule.22.Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A.Altandi. B.RomaStreet. C.VarsityLakes. D.FortitudeValley.23.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm. B.7:29pm. C.8:57pm. D.11:02pm.【答案】21.C22.B23.B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些火車信息，包括失物招領(lǐng)、公共假期安排以及列車出發(fā)時間等信息?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Forticketinformation,pleaseaskyourlocalstationorcall131230.可知查詢車票信息，請向您當?shù)氐能囌驹儐柣驌艽?31230。由此可知，你可以詢問當?shù)剀囌净驌艽?31230來獲得車票信息。故選C?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lostproperty部分中ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocatedatRomaStreetstation.可知失物招領(lǐng)處周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00營業(yè)，位于羅馬街車站。由此可知，在RomaStreet你可以找到失物招領(lǐng)辦公室。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Guardiantrans部分中信息，可知從起始地Central出發(fā)，開往目的地VarsityLakes的火車是下午7:29開車。由此可知，如果你要從Central去往VarsityLakes，你應(yīng)當乘坐下午7:29的火車。故選B。（2019?全國卷I，A）NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15—18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社區(qū)).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15—29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機會)ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.1.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.2.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15—18. B.15—24. C.15—29. D.16—17.3.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.【文章大意】本文為應(yīng)用文。省政府及其合作伙伴提供了許多項目來幫助學生暑期在找到工作，本文介紹了其中一些項目。1.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SummerCompany部分中的SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.可知，SummerCompany為學生提供實踐性的商業(yè)培訓和高達3000美元的獎勵，以啟動和經(jīng)營他們自己的暑期業(yè)務(wù)?！皊tartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”即“為開辦新的業(yè)務(wù)”，這對應(yīng)B項中的“runnnewbusinesses”，二者是詞義之間的轉(zhuǎn)述關(guān)系。故選B。2.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)StewardshipYouthRangerProgram部分中Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.可知，符合條件的學生是16歲或17歲的學生，但在今年12月31日之前未滿18歲。由此得出，這個項目要求年齡在16-17歲之間。故選D。3.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分中最后一句Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.可知，SummerEmploymentOpportunities有些職位是給殘疾人的。故選D。（2019?全國卷=2\*ROMANII，A）話題：書籍MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfumyandfrightening,butthey’realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters-Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister.Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse＂nightpeople＂whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn’twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdidbutthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It’sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat’sgoingonishorriblyenjoyableTheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld’spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.9.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl10.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.11.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?)A.Afolktale. B.Abiography.C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.【文章大意】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章通過介紹喬·烏斯瑪?shù)淖钕矏鄣乃谋静煌}材的文學讀物。9.D【解析】詞義猜測題。“I”出現(xiàn)的語句為：“IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.”文句表達了“I”對RoaldDahl評價。且開頭第一段的最后一句意為：在這里，她（JoUsmar）選了自己最喜歡的讀物。由此可知，此處的“I”為：JoUsmar.故選D項。10.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。把“MariandEri”作為定位詞，可以找到《天黑之后》（AfterDark）故選B項。11.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。“GoneGirl”為定位詞，找到文句Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdidbutthehorrorstoryisbrilliant，故選A項。（2019?全國卷III，A）話題：話劇開幕和新劇首映OPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo！ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhichanorigami(折紙術(shù))artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch,165W.86thSt.212-868-4444.)TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan,aboutQueenElizabethIIoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W.45thSt.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton,inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.(Public，425LafayetteSt.212-967-7555.)OntheTwentiethCenturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicalcomedybyBettyComdenandAdolphGreen,aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar’sloveduringacross-countrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects,forRoundaboutTheatreCompany.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatr