北師大版高中英語必修四第9講：Unit12-Culture-Shock-語法篇(教師版)

Unit12CultureShock語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、接不定式或動名詞作賓語的動詞。2、現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。接不定式或動名詞作賓語的動詞常用的只能接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞：agree,ask,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,offer,plan,promise,pretend,refuse,want,wish等。Theyagreestoputtwoforeignstudentsupoverthesummer.他們同意夏季為兩個外國留學生提供膳宿。Theonlydifferenceishowyouchoosetospendyourtime.唯一區(qū)別就是你選擇怎么花費你的時間。2.常用的只能跟動名詞作賓語的動詞：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practice,suggest,keep(on),feellike,devoteoneselfto,giveup,get/beusedto,beworth,can’thelp,insiston,lookforwardto等。Headmittedhavingdonewrong.他承認做錯了。Isuggesttryingoncemore.我建議在試一次。3.常用的既能跟動詞不定式也能跟動名詞形式作賓語的動詞：begin,start,continue,hate,like,love,prefer等。Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantosnow.我正準備離開這時天突然下起大雪。4.try,mean,stop,goon等接動詞不定式和動名詞意思不同。Wetrytoprovidethemwithdirectionandhelp.我們試圖給他們提供指導和幫助。5.need,want跟動名詞形式作賓語時表示被動意義，跟動詞不定式作賓語時表示主動意義。Youneedtotouchupthepoem.你需要把這首詩潤色一下。Thecompanyneedsrepairing.這臺電腦需要修理?，F(xiàn)在分詞的用法作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞表示時間，條件，原因，讓步關(guān)系時，常位于句首，且用逗號隔開，可以轉(zhuǎn)換相應的狀語從句；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果，方式，伴隨狀語時多位于句中，可用逗號隔開，也可以不用。Walkinginthestreet(WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet),Imetanoldfriendofmine.走在大街上，我遇到一位老朋友。（時間）Workinghard(Ifyouworkhard),youwillsurelysucceed.如果用功，你一定會成功的。（條件）Notknowingheraddress(AsIdon’tknowheraddress),Ican’twritetoher.由于不知道她的地址，我沒能給她寫信。（原因）Havingfailed(Althoughhehadfailed)manytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.雖然屢次失敗，但他沒有灰心喪氣。（讓步）Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway(byusinganotherway).請換一種方式回答這個問題。（方式）Aterriblehurricanestruckthearea,makingthousandsofpeoplehomeless.颶風襲擊了那個地區(qū)，使成千上萬人無家可歸。（結(jié)果）Theywerewalkinginthewoods,singinghappily.我們漫步在樹林里，歡樂地唱著歌。（伴隨）作定語現(xiàn)在分詞可單獨作定語放在被修飾的名詞前?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞后，相當于一個定語從句。被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，動名詞作定語表示被修飾的名詞的功能和用途。Theflyingkitesarehighinthesky.飛行的風箏在天空中飄揚。作賓語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞常用在感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice,observe,listento,lookat等和使役動詞have,get,leave,set等的賓語后面作賓語補足語，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，也就是說賓語實際上是現(xiàn)在分詞動作的發(fā)出者。Mybreathingquickened,andIfeltheartbeatingfaster.我呼吸開始變得急促，心跳也加快了。作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語可被very等副詞修飾。Theteacher’swordsweregreatlyinspiringwheneverImetwithdifficulties.無論我什么時候遇到困難，老師的話都極具感召力。Iremembered_____thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.lockingtolockhavinglockedtohavelocked解析：句意：離開辦公室之前，我記得鎖門了，但是忘了關(guān)燈。考查非謂語動詞用法。remembertodosth.記得要做某事，根據(jù)beforeIlefttheoffice可知：空格處為“要鎖門”，所以B項正確。答案：B。例2._____thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.FindFoundTofindFinding解析：句意：由于發(fā)現(xiàn)這門功課非常難，她決定轉(zhuǎn)到水平低一點的課程。本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。A項為動詞原形，被排除；根據(jù)題干可知非謂語動詞和邏輯主語she為主動關(guān)系，故排除D項；不定式置于句首通常表示目的，在此不符合題意，排除C項；根據(jù)句意可知非謂語動詞在此作原因狀語，應使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故選擇B項。答案：B。例3.LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_____forher.waitedtowaitwaitingwaswaiting解析：句意：Laura去巴黎待了一周多時間。當她返回家的時候，有一大堆郵件等著她處理?？疾榉侵^語動詞作定語。因為wait“等待”與mail“郵件”為主謂關(guān)系，所以選wait的現(xiàn)在分詞形式waiting，相當于定語從句thatwaswaitingforher。不定式作定語時，通常表示將來的動作。若用在此處不符合語境。答案：C。例4.Ilookedupandnoticedasnake_____itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.A.startingB.beingstartedC.tostartD.tobestarted解析：句意：我抬起頭，看見一條蛇正在蜿蜒著向樹上爬行取捕食早餐。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓語補足語。Notice后接不帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補足語，故排除A項；D項為動詞的過去分詞形式，不符合題意，可排除；省去to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作notice的賓補，表示動作的全過程；現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作notice的賓補表示動作正在發(fā)生。根據(jù)語境可知選C項。答案：C。例5.（2015北京通州高三二模）_____inspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.A.TravellingB.TravelledC.TotravelD.Havingtravelled解析：句意：普通人去太空旅行將會很常見?？崭裉幵诰渲凶髦髡Z，所以只能用動名詞或不定式，動名詞作主語表示普通的，一般的行為，不定式表示某次具體的行為，根據(jù)語境可知，此處為將來會發(fā)生的一般行為，即可推斷出正確答案。答案：A。基礎演練一，單項選擇。We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_____toachievethefinalsuccess.beingdone B.do C.tobedone D.todo2.—Iregret_____youthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.—Notsuccessful?Iperformedprettywellinmyrming B.toinform C.havinginformed D.tohaveinformed3.—Haveyoufinishedyourtasknow?—Notyet.Somuchtimehasbeenwasted_____itsdetailsaimlesslythismorning.beingassessed B.toassess C.assessed D.assessing4.Ihaddifficulty_____thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.find B.found C.tofind D.finding5._____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.bathed B.bathing C.tohavebathed D.havingbathed6._____whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.A.Notknowing B.Knowingnot C.Notknown D.Knownnot7.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_____.A.permitting B.topermit C.permitted D.permit8.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____seriousbloodinginseveralprovinces.A.caused B.havingcaused C.causing D.tocause9.Thelecture,_____at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.starting B.beingstarted C.tostart D.tobestarted10.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdog_____them.A.tofollow B.following C.followed D.followsKeys：1-10CBDDBAACAB鞏固提高完成句子。我不知道你看沒看過90年代很有名的一部電視劇叫《浪漫滿屋》。Idon’tknowifyou__________________________thetelevisionprogram“FullHouse”fromthe90s.我注意到他了，因為他盯著我看。Inoticedhimbecausehe___________________me.他匆忙趕到機場給朋友送行。Hehurriedtotheairportto_________hisfriend__________.兩隊之間的決賽，不論結(jié)果如何，總是精彩的。Thefinalbetweentheteams,__________theresult,is__________.越來越多的人買汽車，因為他們認為汽車比自行車快。______________________________peoplebuycarsbecausetheythinkcarsarefasterthanbicycles.Keys：1.arefamiliarwith 2.staredat 3.see,off 4.whatever,splendid 5.Moreandmore一，單項選擇。As_____birthplaceofHuaxiacivilization,Xi’anis_____citywithalonghistoryandabundantculturalrelics.the,a B.a,a C./;a D.the,/（2015北京房山高三二模）—Mygoodness!Whyareyoublackandblueallover.—Well,Ifellovermanytimeswhile_____toskateyesterday.tolearn B.learning C.learned D.havinglearned（2015北京通州高三二模）—Rememberthefirsttimewemet?—OfcourseIdo.You_____inthelibrary.Read B.hadread C.haveread D.werereading（2015北京通州高三一模）Thisistheonlyway_____theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.reducing B.reduce C.reduced D.toreduce（2015北京豐臺高三二模）MoYangrewup_____folktalesthathadbeentoldforcenturiesinhishometown.listeningto B.listenedto C.listento D.tolistentowatchingtheclown’s_____pose,theaudiencepresentburstout_____.amused,laughing B.unexpected,laughingC.unexpecting,laughter D.amusing,laughter7.Soabsorbed_____intheexperimentthathedidn’tevennoticeitwasalreadyover12o’clock.A.didhe B.hedid C.washe D.hewas8.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke_____frombehindthehouse.A.rose B.rising C.torise D.risen9.—Howdoyoufindthefilmyousawlastnight?—_____Ican’tthinktoohighlyofit.Itmakesnosense B.ItalldependsC.It’sjustso-so D.It’sreallysplendid10.Hearingascream,Irusheddownstairsonlytoseemyhostess_____onthefloor.A.lainunconscious B.lyingunconsciousC.laidunconsciously D.lyingunconsciously11.—Whydon’tyouwearyourjoggingshorts,Mum?—Well,mylegsaretooskinny,ifyou_____know.should B.can C.need D.must12.—Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.—OK,I’llputtheminthecupboard.havebroken B.arebreaking C.getbroken D.willbebroken13.Mr.Smithisateacherwithrichteachingexperience,from_____muchcanbelearned.A.whom B.which C.where D.that14.______whatIhadoriginallythought,thetripturnedouttobefun.A.Insteadof B.Inspiteof C.Contraryto D.Becauseof15._____theworkingefficiency,thebossallowstheemployeestohaveacoffeebreak.A.Improving B.Toimprove C.HavingimprovedD.ImprovedKeys: 一，1-15ABDDABCBDBDCACB__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完型填空。Mr.Blacklivedinacityandhehadafewshopsthere.Hiswifeoften1himwhenhewaspoor.Sohelovedherverymuch.One2morningthewoman3hercaronanicyroadanditfellintoariverandshe4intheaccident.Hewasvery5andalwaysfeltalone.Hisfriendsadvisedhimto6twoweeksinasmalltown7wasbyaforestandhadmuch8init.Heagreedwiththemandwenttherebyhimself.Butthereheoftencherishedthememoryof(懷念Oneafternoonhewaswalkinginthetownwhilehesawanoldman9someparrots.Hestoppedtolookatthemandtheoldmanaskedhimtobuyone.He10themostbeautifulparrotandasked,“Canitspeak?”“Yes,sir,”answeredtheoldman.“Howmuchdoesit11?”“Fortypounds.”“It’stoo12,”saidMr.Black.“Isit13fortypounds?”Theoldmansaid14andturnedtothebirdandrepeatedthequestion,“Areyouworthfortypounds,dear?”“Certainly,”thebirdanswered15.Mr.Blackloveditatonceandboughtit,Whenhegothome,hewantedto16itmore,butitcouldn’tlearnanything17“Certainly”.Onemorninghe18thebirdsay“Certainly”again,hebecameangryand19,“Onlyafool(傻瓜)spentfortypoundsonsuchastupid(愚蠢的)bird!”“Certainly.”answeredtheparrot.Mr.Blackbeganto20andsetitfree.1.A.saved B.saw C.helped D.protected2.A.rainy B.snowy C.windy D.cloudy3.A.mended B.repaired C.washed D.drove4.A.hurt B.ill C.died D.disabled5.A.sad B.lucky C.unhappy D.pleased6.A.take B.spend C.have D.own7.A.which B.who C.where D./8.A.trees B.birds C.flowers D.wildlife9.A.selling B.catching C.feeding D.showing10.A.bought B.touched C.pointedto D.lookedafter11.A.fly B.cost C.pay D.give12.A.cheap B.expensive C.nice D.bad13.A.worth B.cost C.worthy D.take14.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing15.A.clearly B.carefully C.angrily D.recently16.A.ask B.tell C.teach D.think17.A.without B.but C.except D.besides18.A.saw B.heard C.watched D.listenedto19.A.smiled B.jumped C.replied D.shouted20.A.control B.escape C.laugh D.believe二，寫作。當前，“酒后駕車”(drinkinganddriving)成了人們熱議的話題。請你根據(jù)以下提示就“酒后駕車談談個人看法：“酒后駕車”的危害。如：引發(fā)交通事故，造成交通堵塞，構(gòu)成生命危險，造成財產(chǎn)損失等。你的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Nowadays,drinkinganddrivingisbecomingaheatedtopicamongpeopleinChina.Here,I’dliketoairmyviewsaboutit._________________________________________