2023年6月英語四級(jí)真題 (第1、3套)

htthttps:/zhent.urnnvocbularcom/PAGE12023年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（第1套）PartI (30Directions:Supposethestudentunionofyouruniversityisorganizinganonlinediscussiononinterpersonalrelationships.towriteanessayonwaystomaintainawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyourclassmatesandonthebenefitsofsucharelationship.willhave30minutesforthetask.shouldwriteatleast120butnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension (25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A.Amanwastakentoahospital.Amanwasbittenbyasnake.A.Whoownedthesnake.Howthesnakewascaptured.

Amanfelloffhistoiletseat.Amankepta4-footsnakeasapet.Whetherthesnakewasinfected.Wherethesnakehadbeentaken.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A.Postingherdaughter’sphotosonsocialmedia.Sharingherphotoswithfamousmoviestars.Amusingherselfbygoingtoballparties.hertrashoutinfancydresses.A.recordherachievements.pleaseherdaughter.amusepeople.makeherselfpopular.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A.Getafreemealafteransweringsomequestions.HaveamealeveniftheyhavenoHaveachanceofwinninga$100prize.Eatasmuchastheywantfor$10.A.Itwasbroughtupbytwostaffers.B.Itwassuggestedbysomeofhercustomers.A.Fiftycustomershaveoffereddonations.Moststaffershavereceivedmessagesofkindness.Manypeoplehavecometoeatattherestaurant.Morepeoplehavebeengivingthantaking.

Itoriginatedfromadonationtoherstaff.Ithelpedtopopularizeherrestaurant.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8toarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A.Heisafamouswriter.B.Heisapsychologist.A.Whyfriendsbreakoffcontactallofasudden.Whypeoplefailtorespondtoemailspromptly.Whyparentsraisetheirchildrenindifferentways.Whysocialmediaaccountsvanishwithoutatrace.10.A.Theyattempttoignorethewholesituation.Theyscreamtogettheirparentsback.

HeisahostforaTVprogram.Heisaprimaryschoolteacher.Theyavoidshowingtheiremotions.Theysimplyshutthemselvesdown.11.A.Theytrytoexpresstheirfeelingsandthoughtseffectively.Theyareonbettertermswithfriendsandromanticpartners.Theymayregardanydifferenceastheendofarelationship.Theyattachmorevaluetotheirrelationshipswithothers.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Theirquality. B.Theirdesign. C.Theirprice. D.Theircolor.13.A.JeansareavailableinagreatervarietyinAmerica.Americahasthebestweavingtoolsintheworld.Americamakesthebest-knownbrandsofjeans.JeansareatypicalAmericangarment.14.A.Theyareartificial.B.Theyareunique.15.A.Theyareworththeprice.Theyaremuchtoo

Theyarenatural.Theyarespecial.Theyarepopularwithboys.Theyareforcasualwearing.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Hewantstoseeitagain.Hedesiresmoreinlife.Helongstobecomeasuperstarhimself.Hefeelsasinspiredasotheraudiencemembers.17.A.Itisextremelyartistic.Itisratherunrealistic.

Itissomewhatcomplicated.Itisrelativelypredictable.18.A.Theyaretoosimple.Theyarefullofshootings.

Theyarebasicallymisleading.Theyarebiasedagainstwomen.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.Itisanintuitivewaytosolidifyfriendship.Itisameanstoinspirecreativethinking.

Itcanhelpconnectpeople.Itcanhighlightleadership.20.A.Makethemmoreopentolearning.Allowthemtorecitedatapoints.

Enablethemtorememberthemainidea.Stimulatethemtoengageindiscussions.21.A.Enrichtheirownexperience.Inspirelisteners’imagination.

Explaininsightfulideas.Conveyfundamentalvalues.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A.ThenumberofimmigrantstotheU.S.isdeclining.AnotherwaveofimmigrantsishittingtheU.S.ImmigrantshavebeencontributingtotheU.S.ImmigrantsoutnumberU.S.-bornAmericans.23.A.TheyhavefoundedmostFortune500companies.TheyhavefewerchancestobehiredbyU.S.companies.Moreofthemexpecttheirchildrentosucceedinbusiness.Moreofthemaresuccessfulbusinesspeople.24.A.Thirty-fourpercentofthemusecreditfortheirdailypurchases.Theirlevelofdebtislowerthanthatofnative-bornAmericans.Nineteenpercentofthemborrowmoneyfromfriendsandfamily.Theyhavehigherinstallmentloandebtthannative-bornAmericans.25.A.Collaboratewithnative-bornAmericans.Borrowmoneyfromfinancialinstitutions.

Keeptheirtraditionalvaluesandoldhabits.Findemploymentincompetitivebusinesses.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.requiredtoselectoneforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninabankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.maynotuseanyoftheinthebankbablyhaven’ttakenthetimetothinkofalltheworkthatwentintocreatingtheshirtonyourback.Imean,howharditcouldbetocreatefabricand26itintoashirtshape.Don’tmachinesdoallthat?creatingfabricfromcotton,whichisthemost27clothingmaterial,isactuallyaprocessthatinvolvesalotof2,700literspershirttobe28.alookatthevideobelowfromNationalGeographicforsomemoremind-blowing29aboutcottonclothingproduction.Cleanwateris30becomingoneofthemostsought-afterresourcesintheworld.Givenhowlargethe31andcottonindustriesare,theytakeupalotofourfreshwaterdemandsacrosstheworld,accordingtoTheHuffingtonPost.ThevideofromNationalGeographicwascreatedtospread32ofhowenvironmentallyharmfulcottonis.Butthesituationcanbemadebetter.Throughbetterwatermanagementandfarmingpractices,waterusageincottonproductioncanbecutdownby3340percent.Called“BetterCotton”,thisenvironmentallyconsciousproductwillsavemillionsoflitersofwaterayearsimplyfrom34thedemandsofcottonproduction.Cottondoesn’thavetogo,sinceitis,afterall,oneofthemostusefulcashcropsacrosstheglobe.However,aswatersupplies35,farmersandconsumersneedtobemoreconsciousoftheeffectthattheseproductshaveontheenvironmentasawhole.aabtractsabundatawareessconcenceexatincreainlyintenemendnearyreckoingreducngsewM.shrinkstatisicstexileSectionBDirections:Inthissection,yougoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphthanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheSpokengrowingmoreusedtochattingtoourcomputers,phonesandsmartspeakersthroughvoiceassistantslikeAmazon’sAlexa,Apple’sSiriandMicrosoft’sCortana.Blindandpartiallysightedpeoplehavebeenusingtext-to-speechconvertersfordecades.Outoftheseassistants,Siriisthemostwell-known.Theassistantusesvoiceinquiriesandanatural-languageuserinterface(界面)toanswerquestions.Thesoftwareadaptstousers’individuallanguageusages,searches,andpreferences,withcontinuinguse.Somethinkvoicecouldsoontakeoverfromtypingandclickingasthemainwaytointeractonline.Butwhatarethechallengesofmovingto“thespokenweb”?Whatuseiswrittenonlinecontentifyoucan’tread?Thatisthesituationfacingilliterate(不識(shí)字)Africanfarmers.Theyareoftendeniedcrucialinformationtheweboffersmanyothers.WithaliteracyrateinsomepartsofAfricaatonly22.6%,farmersareoften“underpaidfortheirproducebecausetheymightbeunawareoftheprevailingprices,”saysFrancisDittoh,aresearcherbehindMrMeteo,aspeech-basedweatherinformationservice.“Themostfrequentlyheardcomplaintisaboutrainfallpredictions,”saysMrDittoh,wholivesinnorthernGhana.“Theytellusthemethodstheirforefathersusedtopredicttheweatherdon’tseemtoworkaswellthesedays.”Thisisdowntoclimatechange,hebelieves.knowingwhengoingtorainisvitalforfarmerswantingtosowseeds,irrigatecropsortaketheiranimalsouttothefieldstofeedongrass.MrDittohsaystheideaofconvertingonlineweatherreportsintospeechcamefromthefarmersthemselves,afteraworkshopinthevillageofGuabuligah.“Theycameupwiththis,”hesays.MrMeteotakestheonlineweatherforecast,convertsittoashortrecordingintheappropriatelanguageandmakesitavailableonabasicphone.Farmersringuptoreceivetheinformation.ThelocallanguageDagbaniisspokenby1.2millionpeoplebutisnotservedbyanyonlinetranslationapplications.Theservicewasdesignedtobecheapandeasytorun,saysMrDitto.Heplanstobeginfieldteststhismonth,workingwithSavannaAgriculturalResearchInstitute.Thespokenwebcouldalsohelptheone-in-fiveadultsinEuropeandtheUSwithpoorreadingskills.Butbuildingthespokenweb—web-to-voiceandvoice-to-web—isn’tstraightforward.ForsoftwaretounderstandpizzaisservedatItalianrestaurantsiscovermultipledomainsandtobeabletohaveaconversationwithusersoneverysingletopicisstillalongwayoff.Soalthoughmanycomputerassistantscananswersimplequestionsabouttheweatherandplaymusicforus,anythingresemblingawide-ranginghumanconversationisdecadesArtificialintelligencejustisn’tsmartenoughyet.Eventurningyourvoiceintotext—automaticspeechrecognition—isoneofthehardestproblemstosolve,asthereareasmanywaystopronouncethingsastherearepeopleontheplanet.Sirihasoftenbeenpraisedforitsabilitytointerpretourcasuallanguageanddeliververyspecificandaccurateresult,sometimesevenprovidingadditionalinformation.Butitisstillsomewhatrestricted,particularlywhenthelanguagemovedawayfromstiffercommandsintomorehumaninteractions.Inoneexample,thephrase“SendatexttoJason,Clint,Sam,andLeesayingwe’rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant”wasinterpretedassendingamessagetoJasoncontainingthetext“ClintSamandLeesayingwe’rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestaurant”.IthasalsobeennotedthatSirilacksapropereditingfunction,assaying“Editmessagetosay:we’reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus”generates“ClintSamandLeesayingwe’rehavingdinneratSilverCloudrestauranttosaywe’reatSilverCloudrestaurantandyoushouldcomefindus”.Usingvoiceinteractionfeelsfarmoreintimatethansurfingthenettheold-fashionedThisisintentionalastheinformaltoneoftheassistanthelpscreateanemotionalattachment.Butifsomethingspeaks,itmustalsolisten.Ourphonesarealwaysnearusandtheyarecollectingdataaboutusallthetime.Thishasalreadyraisedprivacyconcerns.TheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionhasstatedthatdigitalassistantscreateathreattoprivacyfromhackers.Somepeoplehaveotherconcerns.Theyworryassistantswillonedaybeusedtodeliveradvertisingdirectlytous.Butdigitalvoicesneedmorepersonalitytomakethempopular.RobotsarenotyetSiriisboring.Thebenefitsofusingvoiceinsteadoftappingfingersobviouslydependonthecontext.Doctorscompletingonlineformsabouttheirpatientsbyspeech,forexample,candictate150wordsaminute,threetimesfasterthantypingonakeyboard.Thisenablesthemtospendlesstimeonadministrationandmoretimewithpatients.Lastyear,speechrecognitioncompanyNuancehelpedadoctors’surgeryinDukinfield,nearManchester,setupaspeechsystemforthepractice’ssixdoctors.Nowtheycandictatenotesonapatient’shealthconditionandtreatmentandasmartassistantautomaticallyenterstheinformationintotherightfieldsonawebform.Previously,thedoctorsmadevoicerecordingsthatwerethentranscribedbysecretaries—aprocessthatwascostlyandlikelytocausedelays.Thenewsystemmeansletterstopatientsnowhavemoredetail.Usingvoicealsomakessensewhenyou’redoingotherthingswithyourhands.Thinkaboutwhenyou’recooking,andyoujustwanttoknowwhatthenextstepintherecipeis.handsarecoveredwithoil;you’renotgoingtogetontheiPad,soalotmorenaturaltotalk.Andspeechobviouslymakessensewhenyou’redriving.IntheUS,29%ofdriversadmittheysurfbehindthewheel,accordingtoinsurancefirmStateFarm.Thisisupfrom13%in2009.Nowonderusingmobilephoneswhiledrivingcausesmorecrashesayearthandrinkdriving,saystheUSNationalSafetyCouncil.AccordingtoFrancisDittoh,theirspeech-basedweatherinformationservicewasmeanttobeinexpensiveandeasytouse.Usingvoiceinsteadoftypingenablesdoctorstospendmoretimetakingcareofpatients.Itisextremelydifficulttoconvertvoiceintotextbecauseofdifferentpronunciations.Africanfarmersunabletoreadoftendon’thaveaccesstoimportantinformationconveyedonline.Somephoneusersworryadvertiserswilltakeadvantageofvoiceassistantstosendadsdirectlytothem.Thespokenwebishelpfulwhenhandsareoccupied.Somepeoplebelieveonlineinteractionwouldsoondependmainlyonvoice.Srmationisextremelyimportanttofarmers.Somepeopleareconcernedaboutprivacybecausetheirphonesareconstantlycollectingtheirpersonalinformation.SectionCDirections:There2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheUnitedStatesisfacingahousingcrisis:Affordablehousingisinadequate,whileluxuryhomesabound(充裕),andhomelessnessremainsapersistentproblem.Despitethis,popularcultureandthehousingindustrymarkethappinessaslivingwithbothmorespaceandmoreamenities(便利設(shè)施).Bighousesareadvertizedasarewardforhardworkanddiligence,turninghousingfromabasicnecessityintoaThisisreflectedinourhomes.Theaveragesingle-familyhomebuiltintheUnitedStatesbefore1970waslessthan1,500squarefeetinsize.By2016,theaveragesizeofasingle-familyhomewas2,422squarefeet.more,homesbuiltinthe2000sweremorelikelythanearliermodelstohavemoreofalltypesofspaces:bedrooms,bathrooms,livingrooms,diningrooms,recreationroomsandgarages.Thereareconsequencesoflivingbig.Asmiddle-classhouseshavegrowntwothingshavehappened.First,largehousestaketimetomaintain,socleanersandotherlow-wageserviceworkersarerequiredtokeepthesehousesinSecond,once-publicspaces,wherepeoplefromdiversebackgroundsusedtocometogether,haveincreasinglybecomeprivatized,leadingtoareductioninthenumberofpublicfacilitiesavailabletoall,andareducedqualityoflifeforswimmingpools.Whilein1950,only2,500U.S.familiesownedpools,by1999thisnumberwas4million.Atthesametime,publicmunicipalpoolswereoftenclosed,leavinglow-incomepeoplenowheretoswim.Thetrendforbiggerhousingthusposesethicalquestions.ShouldAmericansacceptasysteminwhichthemiddleandupperclassesenjoyaluxuriouslifestyle,usingthelow-wagelaborofothers?Arewewillingtoacceptasysteminwhichanincreaseinamenitiespurchasedbytheaffluentmeansareductioninamenitiesforthepoor?Ibelieveneitherisacceptable.mustchangethewaywethink:livingwelldoesnotneedtomeanhavingmoreprivatespaces;instead,itcouldmeanhavingmorepublicspaces.Abettergoalthanbuildingbiggerhousesforsomeistocreatemorepubliclyaccessiblespacesandamenitiesforall.WhatarebighousespromotedtobeintheUnitedStates?Aluxuryforthehomeless.Arewardforindustriousness.

Anabundantsourceofcomforts.Anabsolutenecessityforhappiness.Whatisoneoftheconsequencesoflivingbig?ManyAmericans’qualityoflifehasbecomePeoplefromdiversebackgroundsnolongersocialize.Peoplenolongerhaveaccesstopublicswimmingpools.ManyAmericans’privatelifehasbeennegativelyaffected.Whatquestionsarisefromlivingbig?Questionsrelatedtomoralprinciples.Questionshavingtodowithlaborcost.

Questionsaboutwhatlifestyletopromote.Questionsconcerninghousingdevelopment.Whatkindofsocialsystemdoestheauthorthinkisunacceptable?Oneinwhichthewealthyexploitthelow-wagelaborersbuildingtheirhouses.Oneinwhichtherichpurchaseamenitiesatanincreasinglyunjustifiableprice.Oneinwhichtheupperclassesdeprivethelowerclassesofaffordablehousing.OneinwhichtheaffluentenjoyamorecomfortablelifeattheexpenseoftheWhatdoestheauthoradvocateforpeopletolivewell?Findingwaystoturnprivatespacesintopublicones.Buildingmorehousesaffordabletothoselessaffluent.MorepublicspacescreatedforeveryonetoAllamenitiesmadeaccessibletotherichandthepooralike.PassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofusintheentrepreneurialcommunityareblessed—orcursed—withhigher-than-averageambition.Ambitiouspeoplestronglydesireaccomplishmentsandarewillingtotakemorerisksandspendmoreefforttogetthem.Overall,thisisapositivequality,especiallyforpeopletryingtobuildtheirownbusinesses.Apparently,ifyou’remorenaturallydriventosetgoals,youaremorelikelytosucceed.Actually,thisisn’talwaysthecase.Infact,insomecases,extremeambitionmayendupdoingmoreharmthangood.Onemajorsideeffectofexcessiveambitionisthetendencytofocustoodeterminedlyononeparticularvisionorendgoal.Thisisproblematicbecauseithindersyourabilitytoadapttonewcircumstances,whichisvitalifyouwanttobeasuccessfulentrepreneur.Ifanewcompetitoremergestothreatenyourbusiness,youmayneedtochangedirection,evenifthatmeansstrayingfromyouroriginalvision.Ifyouhavetoomuchambition,you’llfindthishard,ifnotimpossible.Fewpeoplearesuccessfulwhentheytrytobuildtheirfirstbrand.Unfortunately,forthemostambitiousentrepreneurs,afailureisseenasdisastrous,andimpossibletorecoverfrom.acleardeparturefromtheintendedplantowardtheintendedgoal.Forpeoplewithlimitedambition,however,failureisviewedassomethingclosertoreality.Remember,failureisinevitable,andeveryfailureyousurviveisalearningexperience.Ambitiouspeopletendtobemorematerialisticallysuccessfulthantheirnon-ambitiouscounterparts.However,they’reonlyslightlyhappierthantheirless-ambitiouscounterparts,andtendtolivesignificantlyshorterlives.Thisimpliesthateventhoughambitiouspeoplearemorelikelytoachieveconventional“success,”suchsuccessmeansnothingfortheirhealthandhappiness—andifyoudon’thavehealthandhappiness.whatelsecouldpossiblymatter?Clearly,someamountofambitionisgoodforyourmotivation.Withoutanyambition,youwouldn’tstartyourownbusiness,setorachievegoalsandgetfarinlife.Butanexcessofambitioncanalsobedangerous,puttingyouatriskofburnout,stubbornnessandevenashorterlife.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofmostentrepreneurs?Theyaremorewillingtorisktheirownlives.Theyaremoreambitiousthanordinarypeople.Theyachievegreaternonconventionalsuccess.Theyhavemorepositivequalitiesthanmostofus.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“thisisn’talwaysthecase”(Line1,Para.3)?Ambitiouspeoplemaynothaveagreaterchanceofsuccess.Ambitiouspeoplemaynothavemorepositivequalities.Entrepreneurs’ambitiondoesasmuchgoodasharm.Entrepreneursaremorenaturallydriventosuccess.Whatdoestheauthorsayisofextremeimportanceforonetobecomeasuccessfulentrepreneur?Holdingontooriginalvision.Beingabletoadapttonewsituations.Focusingdeterminedlyononeparticulargoal.radicalchangeincareerdirection.Howdothemostambitiousentrepreneursregardfailureintheirendeavor?Itwillawakenthemtoreality.Itisalessontheyhavetolearn.

Itmeanstheendoftheircareer.Itwillresultinaslowrecovery.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoconcerningambition?Distinguishbetweenconventionalsuccessandourlifegoal.Followtheexampleofthemostambitiousentrepreneurs.takingunnecessaryriskswhenstartingabusiness.Prioritizehealthandhappinessovermaterialsuccess.PartIV (30Directions:Forthispart,youallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.shouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中國政府一直大力推行義務(wù)教育(compulsoryeducation)，以使每個(gè)兒童都享有受教育的機(jī)會(huì)。自19862008年秋季學(xué)期開始，義務(wù)教育階段學(xué)生無需繳納學(xué)費(fèi)。隨著一系列教育改革舉措的實(shí)施，中國義務(wù)教育的質(zhì)量也有顯著提高。htthttps:/zhent.urnnvocaularcomPAGE12023年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題（第3套）PartI (30Directions:Supposetheuniversitynewspaperisinvitingsubmissionsfromthestudentsforitscomingeditiononacampuseventthathasimpressedthemmost.nowtowriteanessayforsubmission.willhave30minutestowritetheshouldwriteatleast120butnomorethan180words.PartII ListeningComprehension (25minutes)提示：2023年12月四級(jí)全國只考兩套聽力，本套聽力內(nèi)容與第一二套相同，故本套未重復(fù)顯示。PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.requiredtoselectoneforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninabankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.EachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaPleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.maynotuseanyoftheinthebankthanonce.Whenpeoplesetouttoimprovetheirhealth,theyusuallytakeafamiliarpath:startingahealthydiet,gettingbettersleep,anddoingregularexercise.Eachofthesebehaviorsisimportant,ofcourse,buttheyall26onphysicalhealth—andagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatsocialhealthisjustas,ifnotmore,importantto27well-being.OnerecentstudypublishedinthejournalPLOSONE,forexample,foundthatthestrengthofaperson’ssocialcirclewasabetter28ofself-reportedstress,happinessandwell-beinglevelsthanfitnesstrackerdataonphysicalactivity,heartrateandsleep.Thatfindingsuggeststhatthe“29self”representedbyendlessamountsofhealthdatadoesn’ttellthewhole30.There’salsoaqualifiedself,whichiswhoIam,whataremyactivities,mysocialnetwork,andalloftheseaspectsarenot31inanyofthesemeasurements.Thisideaissupportedbyplentyof32research.Studieshaveshownthatsocialsupport—whetheritcomesfromfriends,familymembersoraspouse—is33associatedwithbettermentalandphysicalhealth.Arichsociallife,thesestudiessuggest,canlowerstresslevels,improvemood,encouragepositivehealthbehaviorsanddiscouragedamagingones,boosthearthealthandimproveillness34rates.baeeagrlyepecialyfocusindicatoroveralpreachebaeeagrlyepecialyfocusindicatoroveralpreachedpriorpromptpuzzequantfiedrecoeryM.reflecedstorystronglySectionBDirections:Inthissection,yougoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphthanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.andsocialnetworkingAsaparentoftwoboysatprimaryschool,Iworryabouttheissuesassociatedwithteenagersandsocialmedia.Newspapersareconstantlyfilledwithfrighteningaccountsofdrugaddictionandaggressivebehavioursupposedlycausedbyviolentvideogames.Butevenwhentheseaccountstouchonrealconcerns,theydonotreallyreflectthegreatmassofeverydayteenagesocialbehaviour:theonlinechat,thetexting,thesurfing,andtheemergenceofanewteenagespherethatisconducteddigitally.Newtechnologiesalwaysprovokegenerationalpanic,whichusuallyhasmoretodowithadultfearsthanwiththelivesofteenagers.Inthe1930s,parentsworriedthatradiowasgaining“anirresistibleholdoftheirchildren”.Inthe80s,thegreatdangerwastheSony(隨身聽).Whenyoulookattoday’sdigitalactivity,thefactsaremuchmorepositivethanyoumightexpect.”Indeed,socialscientistswhostudyyoungpeoplehavefoundthattheirdigitalusecanbeinventiveandevenbeneficial.Thisistruenotjustintermsoftheirsociallives,buttheireducationtoo.Soifyouuseatonofsocialmedia,doyoubecomeunable,orunwilling,toengageinface-to-facecontact?Theevidencesuggestsnot.ResearchbyAmandaLenhartofthePewResearchCentre,aU.S.thinktank,foundthatthemostpassionatetextersarealsothekidsmostlikelytospendtimewithfriendsinperson.Oneformofsocialisingdoesn’treplacetheother.Itexpandsit.“Kidsstillspendtimefacetoface,”Lenhartsays.Indeed,astheygetolderandaregivenmorefreedom,theyofteneaseuponsocialnetworking.Earlyon,thewebistheir“thirdspace”,butbythelateteens,replacedinreactiontogreaterindependence.TheyhavetobeonFacebook,toknowgoingonamongfriendsandbuttheyareambivalent(有矛盾心理的)aboutit,saysRebeccaEynon,aresearchfellowattheOxfordInternetInstitute,whohasinterviewedabout200Britishteenagersoverthreeyears.Astheygainexperiencewithlivingonline,theybegintoadjusttheirbehaviour,strugglingwithnewcommunicationskills,astheydointherealworld.Parentsarewrongtoworrythatkidsdon’tcareaboutInfact,theyspendhourschangingFacebooksettingsorusingquick-deletesharingtools,suchasSnapchat,tominimisetheirtraces.OrtheypostaphotographonInstagram,haveapleasantconversationwithfriendsandthendeleteitsothatnotracesremain.Thisisnottosaythatkidsalwaysusegoodjudgment.Likeeveryoneelse,theymakemistakes—sometimesseriousones.Butworkingouthowtobehaveonlineisanewsocialskill.Whilethere’splentyofdramaandmessinessonline,itisnot,formostteens,acycleofnon-stopabuse:aPewstudyfoundonly15%ofteenssaidsomeonehadbulliedthemonlineinthelast12months.Butsurelyallthisshort-formwritingisaffectingliteracy?Certainly,teachersTheysaythatkidsuseoverlycasuallanguageandtext-speakinwriting,anddon’thaveasmuchpatienceforlongreadingandcomplexarguments.studiesoffirst-yearcollegepaperssuggesttheseanxietiesmaybepartlybasedonmisguidednostalgia(懷