英國虛假新聞行業(yè)市場前景及投資研究報(bào)告-培訓(xùn)課件外文版2024.6自媒體

INDUSTRIES

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MARKETSFalsenewsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)CHAPTER

01NewsconsumptionoverviewNewsconsumerswhosawfalseormisleadinginformationaboutkeytopicsinthelastweekinselectedcountriesworldwideasofFebruary2023Consumerswitnessingfalseinformationoncertaintopicsworldwide2023ShareofrespondentsJapan15%Slovakia20%18%UnitedKingdom25%UnitedStates30%0%5%10%35%34%40%45%50%41%42%PoliticsCOVID-1926%30%31%42%12%17%ClimatechangeWarinUkraine22%21%35%45%19%26%3Description:Astudyheldinearly2023foundthatbetween30and45percentofsurveyedconsumersinselectedcountriesworldwidehadwitnessedfalseormisleadingCOVID-19newsintheweekrunningtothesurvey.Suspiciousorfalsepoliticalnewswasalsoaproblem,particularlyintheUnitedStates,whereasSlovakianconsumerswerethemostlikelytohaveseenfalseinformationaboutthewarinUkraine.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;JanuarytoFebruary2023;2,000*;*Thenumberofrespondentsforeachcountrywasapproximately2,000.

ReadmoreSource(s):ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism;YouGovShareofpeopleusingthefollowingsourcesofnewsweeklyintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2018to2023NewsplatformsusedweeklyintheUnitedKingdom2018-20232018201960%202020212022202390%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%77%75%74%74%74%73%71%66%55%53%52%41%40%39%39%38%

38%36%

36%22%17%15%14%Online*TelevisionSocialmediaPrint4Description:IntheUnitedKingdomin2023,52percentofrespondentsreportedthattheywatchednewsontelevisioninthelastweek.However,themostpopularwaytoaccessnewscontentwasonline,with74percentofrespondentsin2023accessingnewscontenteitherthroughsocialmediaorelsewhereontheinternet.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2018to2023;**2,107;18yearsandolder;*Onlineincludessocialmedia.**Basevaried:n(2018)=2,117;n(2019)=2,023;n(2020)=2,011,n(2021)=2,039,n(2022)=2,410,n(2023)=2,107

ReadmoreSource(s):ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism;YouGovLeadingEnglish-languagenewswebsitesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)inDecember2023,bymonthlyvisits(inmillions)LeadingnewswebsitesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2023,bymonthlyvisitsVisitsinmillions0510152025303540BBCTheSun37.924.7MailOnline23.2Mirror22TheGuardianTheIndependentSkyNews20.819.217.8ITV15.1TheTelegraphMetro13.813.7MoneySavingExpertDailyExpressManchesterEveningNews11.811.711.75Description:InDecember2023,theBBChadatotalof37.9millionmonthlyvisitsintheUnitedKingdom,accordingtotheresultsofdatadesignedtobenationallyrepresentativetakenfrom10thousandpeopleacross25thousanddevicesmeasuringwebsiteandappusage.TheSunfollowedwith24.7millionvisits,andthenMailOnlinewith23.2million.DigitalnativesiteMoneySavingExpertalsomadethetop20rankingwithmorethan11millionvisits.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;December2023;15yearsandolder;basedonmobilewebanddesktopvisits;top20ofatotal50rankedbymonthlyvisitsSource(s):IpsosIris;PressGazetteLeadingtelevisionchannelsusedfornewsbyconsumersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2013to2023TVchannelsmostusedfornewsUK2013-2023201373%43%21%20%10%6%201471%43%21%23%11%7%201572%41%20%19%12%7%201673%42%18%21%12%7%201878%52%33%30%22%17%13%7%201976%53%31%30%23%15%13%6%202075%55%28%33%24%14%11%8%202179%58%39%38%30%20%15%11%13%%202272%47%33%31%22%15%11%7%202371%49%33%30%24%16%12%8%BBCOneITV1/ITVWales/UTV/STVBBCNewsChannelSkyNewsChannelChannel4BBCTwoChannel55%4%4%4%CNN2%2%2%3%BBCParliamentGBNews1%1%2%%6%5%6%6%7%%%%%%%%6%6%6/statistics/266781/leading-tv-news-channels-sources-in-the-united-kingdom-ukTheleadingTVnewschannelintheUnitedKingdomremainsBBCOne,with71percentofrespondentstoasurveysayingtheyuseditfornews.ITV1rankedsecond(includingITVWales,STV,andUTV),whereasChannel5andBBCTwowerelesspopular.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2013to2023;2023:3,216;16yearsandolder;allwhouseTVfornewsSource(s):OfcomPressfreedomindexintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2013to2024PressfreedomindexintheUnitedKingdom2013-202484.083.1183.082.081.080.078080.079.078.077.076.078.71202278.51202378.41202178.377.74201777.77201977.51202477.07202076.75201820132014201520167Description:TheUnitedKingdom'spressfreedomindexscorein2024was77.51,aslightdropfromthepreviousyearwhenitwas78.51.Theindexpresentsanoverviewofthepluralityandindependenceofthemediaandhowsafeandfreeitisforjournalisttodotheirjob,withhigherscoresindicatingabettersituationforthepressandlowerscoresaworseone.Between2013and2024,theUK'spressfreedomindexdecreasedby5.6indexpointsoverall,meaningthatthesituationforjournalistsgot[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2013to2024Source(s):ReportersWithoutBordersCHAPTER

02Children'sconsumptionMethodsofaccessingnewsamongchildrenintheUnitedKingdom(UK)asofMarch2023,byagegroupNewsaccessbychildrenUnitedKingdom(UK)2023,byagegroup12

years67%13

years68%14

years65%15

years73%Total68%57%54%TalkingwithfamilyOnTV59%59%52%58%Throughsocialmediasitese.g.Facebook/Twitter/Snapchat/YouTubeetc47%54%53%63%Talkingwithfriends54%31%33%17%61%30%27%20%55%32%33%18%54%40%28%25%56%33%30%20%Ontheradio(inthecarorathome)Throughsearchenginese.g.GoogleorBingAnyotheronlinesourcesofnewswhetheranewswebsiteoranyothertypeofwebsiteorappe.g.BBCwebsite,Buzzfeed,AppleNews,Upday(onSamsungdevices),etcReadingpapercopiesofnewspapersReadingpapercopiesofmagazinesPodcasts17%13%9%15%10%11%13%9%16%10%9%15%11%9%6%9Description:AsurveyconductedintheUnitedKingdom(UK)inearly2023onchildren'snewsconsumptionrevealedthat68percentofchildrenaged12to15yearsoldgottheirnewsandupdatesbytalkingwiththeirfamily.Thoseaged15yearsoldwerethemostlikelytogetnewsviasocialmedia,whereas12to13-year-oldsweremoreinclinedtogetnewsviaTV.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;March6toApril4,2022;949*;12-15years;*Samplesizeiseffectivesamplenumber,moremethodologyavailablehere.

ReadmoreSource(s):OfcomShareofchildrenwhohaveseendeliberatelyuntrueormisleadingnewsonlineoronsocialmediainthelastyearintheUnitedKingdom(UK)asofMarch2023ChildrenreadingfakenewsonlineUnitedKingdom(UK)2023Yes34%Don'tknow32%No34%10Description:A2023studyonnewsconsumptionamongchildrenintheUnitedKingdomfoundthat34percentofrespondentsaged12to15yearsoldhadcomeacrossdeliberatelyuntrueormisleadingnewsonlineoronsocialmediaintheyearbeforethesurveywasconducted.Thesamesharesaidtheyhadnotseenanyfalsenews.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;February27toMarch20,2023;949*;12-15years;*Samplesizeiseffectivesamplenumber,moremethodologyavailablehere.

ReadmoreSource(s):OfcomLevelofdifficultyidentifyingwhetheranewsstoryonsocialmediaistrueamongchildrenintheUnitedKingdom(UK)asofMarch2023AbilitytoidentifytruenewsstoriesamongchildrenintheUnitedKingdom(UK)202345%41%40%35%29%30%25%20%15%10%5%17%5%5%2%0%VerydifficultQuitedifficultNeitherdifficultnoreasyQuiteeasyVeryeasyDon'tknow11Description:A2023studyonnewsconsumptionamongchildrenintheUnitedKingdomrevealedthat46percentofchildrenaged12to15yearsoldfounditveryorquitedifficulttotellwhetherornotanewsstoryonsocialmediawastrue.Justtwopercentfoundidentifyingthetruthfulnessofsocialmedianewstobeaveryeasytask.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;February27toMarch20,2023;516*;12-15years;amongthoseusingsocialmediafornews;*Samplesizeiseffectivesamplenumber,moremethodologyavailablehere.

ReadmoreSource(s):OfcomMostlikelyactionschildrenwouldtakewhenencounteringinaccuratenewsonlineoronsocialmediaintheUnitedKingdom(UK)asofMarch2023,byagegroupChildren'sresponsestoonlinefakenewsUnitedKingdom(UK)2023,byagegroup12

years13

years14

years15

yearsTotalIwouldtellmyparentsorothermemberofmyfamily37%40%33%31%35%Iwouldtellafriend19%14%19%10%18%19%14%14%18%14%IwouldleaveacommentsayingIthoughtitwasfakenewsIwouldreportittothesocialmediasite/website13%10%12%12%12%11%16%10%13%11%Iwouldshareitwithpeopleandtellthemit'snottrueIwouldtellateacherSomethingelse13%0%9%0%6%0%9%1%9%0%Iwouldprobablynotdoanythingaboutit/wouldignoreit31%34%34%42%35%Don'tknow7%8%8%6%7%12Description:Theresultsofa2023surveyonnewsconsumptionamongchildrenaged12to15yearsoldintheUnitedKingdomrevealedthat35percentofallrespondentssaidthattheywouldtelltheirparentsoranotherfamilymemberiftheyencountereddeliberatelyuntrueormisleadingnewsonlineoronsocialmedia.Informingparentsorrelativeswasthereforethemostpopularpotentialactionchildrenwouldtake,howeverthesamesharesaidtheywouldprobablynotdoanythingorwould[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;February27toMarch20,2023;949*;12-15years;*Samplesizeiseffectivesamplenumber,moremethodologyavailablehere.

ReadmoreSource(s):OfcomMostlikelyactionschildrenwouldtaketocheckthereliabilityofnewsonsocialmediasitesorappsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)asofMarch2023,byagegroupWayschildrenfact-checksocialmedianewsUnitedKingdom(UK)2023,byagegroup12

years13

years14

years15

yearsTotalLookatthecomments/whatpeoplehavesaidaboutthestory55%53%43%49%50%Checktoseeifthesamestoryappearsanywhereelse40%32%34%22%45%40%37%35%52%40%36%32%50%42%37%34%47%39%36%31%ThinkaboutthewhatthestoryisabouttoseehowlikelyisittobetrueThinkaboutwhetherthepersonwhoshareditwassomeoneItrustedLookathowprofessionalthestorylooks,e.g.aretherespellingmistakes,dotheimagesorvideoslookhighquality?CheckifwasbyanorganisationIhadheardof28%24%28%28%29%27%27%30%28%28%CheckifitwasbyanorganisationIthoughtwastrustworthy13Description:A2023surveyonnewsconsumptionamongchildrenintheUnitedKingdomfoundthat50percentofteensaged12to15yearssaidthatinordertofact-checknewsonsocialmediasitesorapps,theywouldlookatthecommentsorfindoutwhatpeoplehadsaidaboutthestory.Participantsaged12yearswerethemostlikelytodothis,whereas15-year-oldswerethemostinclinedtocheckifthesamestoryappearedelsewhereinordertoverifyit.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;February27toMarch20,2023;516*;12-15years;amongthoseusingsocialmediafornews;*Samplesizeiseffectivesamplenumber,moremethodologyavailablehere.

ReadmoreSource(s):OfcomChildrenintheUnitedKingdom(UK)abletoidentifyafakeonlineprofilein2022,bynationUKchildrenabletoidentifyafakeprofile2022,bynationShareofrespondents30%

40%0%10%20%50%60%70%80%WalesScotland75%72%NorthernIrelandEngland67%65%14Description:AccordingtoasurveyconductedintheUnitedKingdomin2022,75percentofchildrenandteenagersinWaleswereabletoidentifyfakeonlineaccounts,aswere72percentofrespondentsinScotland.Overall,67percentofkidsandteensinNorthernIrelandand65percentinEnglandwereabletospotfakeaccounts.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2022;2-17yearsSource(s):OfcomCHAPTER

03TrustandbiasShareofadultswhotrustnewsmediamostofthetimeinselectedcountriesworldwideasofFebruary2023Trustworthinessofnewsmediaworldwide2023Shareofrespondentswhotrustnewsmedia30%

40%

50%0%10%20%60%70%80%FinlandKenya69%63%PortugalNigeria58%57%DenmarkNetherlandsSouthAfricaNorway57%57%57%53%ThailandSweden51%50%Ireland47%SingaporeBelgium45%44%16Description:Astudyexaminingperspectivesonthenewsmediafromover40countriesrevealedthatlevelsoftrustdifferednotablyaroundtheworld.Scandinaviansinparticularhadgreatertrustinthenewsmediathancitizensfromotherpartsoftheworld,with69percentofFinnstrustingthenews,alongwith57percentofDanesand53percentofNorwegians.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;JanuarytoFebruary,2023;2,000*;18yearsandolder;*Totalsamplesizeforeachmarketwasapproximately2,000.

ReadmoreSource(s):ReutersInstitutefortheStudyofJournalism;YouGovNewsconsumerswithagreatdealorquitealotofconfidenceinthepressintheUnitedKingdom(UK)asofSeptember2022,bygenerationTrustinthepressintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2022,bygeneration30%25%25%20%15%10%5%15%13%11%5%0%Pre-warGenXBabyboomersMillennialsGenZ17Description:Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutin2022,onlyfivepercentoftheBritishpublicbelongtoGenZtrustedthepress.Olderconsumersweremorelikelytohaveagooddealoffaithinthenewsmedia,butthesharewhoreportedtrustingthepresswaslessthan30percentforadultsinallagebrackets.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;MarchtoSeptember2022;3,056respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):Ipsos;King’sCollegeLondon(PolicyInstitute);PressGazetteMostimpartialnewsplatformsaccordingtoweeklyusersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)asofMarch2023RankingofnewsplatformsbyimpartialityintheUK2023Shareofrespondents30%0%10%20%40%50%60%70%TVNewspapersRadio63%61%58%Socialmedia40%18Description:Asurveyexploringconsumerattitudestonewsoutletsrevealedtelevisionwasconsideredthemostimpartialnewsplatform,with63percentofrespondentsaged16yearsofageorabovewhowatchedTVnewsweeklyratingithighlyinthisregard.Socialmediafaredlesswellwithonly40percentconsideringittobeimpartial.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;November7,2022toApril3,2023;16yearsandolder;amongthosewhoratedthesourceshighly(7outof10orhigher);*DoesnotincluderatingsofSTVwebsite/app

ReadmoreSource(s):OfcomReasonsfornottrustingthenewsintheUnitedKingdomin2023ReasonsconsumersdonottrustthenewsUK2023Shareofrespondents0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%34%40%45%43%42%50%JournalistsspinthenewsThereisalotofmisreportingConcernsaboutfakenewsCorruptioninthemedia31%Goodthingsintheworldarenotreportedonenough/ifatallDon'tthinkit'saccurate27%23%22%21%TherearemediaconspiraciestohidesomethingsJournalistsaren'tasgoodastheyusedtobeOther5%Don'tknow7%7%N/A-Itrustthenewsfully19Description:In2023,asurveyfoundthat43percentofsurveyedadultsintheUnitedKingdomstatedthatjournalistsspinthenewsandthereforetheydonottrustthenews.Mistrustinthenewswasalsowidespreadforotherreasons,suchasconcernsaboutmisreportingandfalsenews.Morethanthreeintenrespondentsbelievedthatthereiscorruptioninthemediaindustry.Infact,22percentofthesurveyedevenbelievedthatthereareconspiraciesintheindustrywiththeaimtohidethings.Only[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2,000respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):Opinium;PressGazetteAccuracyorbiasofsearchengineresultsaccordingtousersintheUnitedKingdom(UK)from2012to2022AccuracyorbiasofsearchengineresultsintheUnitedKingdom(UK)2012-2022Ithinkthatsomewebsiteswillbeaccurateorunbiasedandsomewon'tbeIthinkthatiftheyhavebeenlistedbythesearchengine,thesewebsiteswillhaveaccurateandunbiasedinformationIdon'treallythinkaboutwhetherornottheyhaveaccurateorunbiasedinformation,IjustusethesitesIlikethelookofDon'tknow70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220Description:In2022,amajorityofsearchengineusersintheUnitedKingdom(UK),65percent,thoughtthatsomeofthewebsiteswouldbeaccurateandsomewon'tbe.From2012to2022,theshareofrespondentswhoexpressedtheiropinionthatthewebsiteslistedinthesearchresultswouldcontainaccurateandunbiasedinformationfluctuatedbetween18and25percent.Duringthemostrecentsurveyperiod,itwasrevealedthatsixpercentofrespondingindividualswhohadeverusedsearch[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedKingdom;2012to2022;2894*;16yearsandolder;adultswhoeverusedsearchengines;*n(2012)=1,305;n(2013)=1,199;n(2014)=1,516;n(2015)=1,520;n(2016)=1,520,n(2017)=1508,n(2018)=1.547;n(2019)=1,260;n[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):OfcomCHAPTER

04ConcernsaboutmisinformationNewsconsumerswhoareconcernedaboutthespreadoffalseinformationonsocialmediainselectedcountriesworldwideasofMarch2023Consumersworriedaboutfalseinformationonsocialmediaworldwide2023Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%IndonesiaIndiaGreatBritainFrance82%73%72%71%71%70%70%69%69%68%67%CanadaMexicoAustraliaSingaporeItalySpainUnitedStatesHongKongUAE64%64%22Description:Astudyheldinearly2023foundthatIndonesianadultswerethemostconcernedaboutthespreadoffalseinformationonsocialmedia,withover80percentsayingthattheywereveryorsomewhatworriedaboutthematter.WhilstSwedishandDanishrespondentswerelessconcernedaboutmisinformationonsocialmedia,theglobalaverageamongallcountrieswas68percent,highlightingthegrowingawarenessandworryaboutfalseinformationworldwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;March2023;seenotes*;18yearsandolder;amongthosewhoare'veryworried'or'somewhatworried';*Surveyheldin18marketsworldwide,samplesizepermarketvariedbetween512and2,007.

ReadmoreSource(s):YouGovNewsconsumerswhoareconcernedaboutthespreadoffalseinformationonsocialmediainGreatBritainasofMarch2023,by