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專題11相似三角形的綜合問題【中考考向?qū)Ш健磕夸汿OC\o"1-3"\h\u【直擊中考】 1【考向一(雙)A字型相似】 1【考向二(雙)8字型相似】 8【考向三母子型相似】 16【考向四旋轉(zhuǎn)相似】 24【考向五K字型相似】 37【直擊中考】【考向一(雙)A字型相似】例題:(2022·上?!ぞ拍昙?jí)專題練習(xí))如圖,在△ABC中,點(diǎn)D在邊AB上,點(diǎn)E、點(diǎn)F在邊AC上,且DESKIPIF1<0BC,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求證:DFSKIPIF1<0BE;(2)如且AF=2,EF=4,AB=6SKIPIF1<0.求證△ADE∽△AEB.【答案】(1)見詳解;(2)見詳解【分析】(1)由題意易得SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而問題可求證;(2)由(1)及題意可知SKIPIF1<0,然后可得SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而可證SKIPIF1<0,最后問題可求證.【詳解】解:(1)∵DESKIPIF1<0BC,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴DFSKIPIF1<0BE;(2)∵AF=2,EF=4,∴由(1)可知,SKIPIF1<0,AE=6,∵AB=6SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵∠A=∠A,∴△ADE∽△AEB.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查相似三角形的判定,熟練掌握相似三角形的判定方法是解題的關(guān)鍵.【變式訓(xùn)練】1.(2022·江蘇·九年級(jí)專題練習(xí))如圖,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,D是SKIPIF1<0上一點(diǎn),點(diǎn)E在SKIPIF1<0上,連接SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)F,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=__________.【答案】2【分析】過D作SKIPIF1<0垂直SKIPIF1<0于H點(diǎn),過D作SKIPIF1<0交BC于G點(diǎn),先利用解直角三角形求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),其次利用SKIPIF1<0,求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),得出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),最后利用SKIPIF1<0求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),最后得出答案.【詳解】解:如圖:過D作SKIPIF1<0垂直SKIPIF1<0于H點(diǎn),過D作SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于G點(diǎn),∵在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴在等腰直角三角形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,

又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:2.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查勾股定理,等腰直角三角形性質(zhì)及相似三角形的判定與性質(zhì)綜合,解題關(guān)鍵在于正確做出輔助線,利用相似三角形的性質(zhì)得出對(duì)應(yīng)邊成比例求出答案.2.(2023秋·安徽六安·九年級(jí)??计谀┤鐖D,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0邊上的高.求證:SKIPIF1<0.【答案】見詳解【分析】先證明SKIPIF1<0,即有SKIPIF1<0,再結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0,即可證明SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0邊上的高,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了相似三角形的判定與性質(zhì),掌握三角形的判定與性質(zhì)是解答本題的關(guān)鍵.3.(2021秋·山東濟(jì)寧·九年級(jí)??茧A段練習(xí))SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,現(xiàn)有動(dòng)點(diǎn)P從點(diǎn)A出發(fā),沿AC向點(diǎn)C方向運(yùn)動(dòng),動(dòng)點(diǎn)Q從點(diǎn)C出發(fā),沿線段CB也向點(diǎn)B方向運(yùn)動(dòng),如果點(diǎn)P的速度是4cm/s,點(diǎn)Q的速度是2cm/s,它們同時(shí)出發(fā),當(dāng)有一點(diǎn)到達(dá)所在線段的端點(diǎn)時(shí),就停止運(yùn)動(dòng).設(shè)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間為t秒.(1)求運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間為多少秒時(shí),P、Q兩點(diǎn)之間的距離為10cm?(2)若SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于t的函數(shù)關(guān)系式.(3)當(dāng)t為多少時(shí),以點(diǎn)C,P,Q為頂點(diǎn)的三角形與SKIPIF1<0相似?【答案】(1)3秒或5秒;(2)SKIPIF1<0;(3)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)根據(jù)題意得到AP=4tcm,CQ=2tcm,AC=20cm,CP=(20-4t)cm,根據(jù)三角形的面積公式列方程即可得答案;(2)若運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間為ts,則CP=(20-4t)cm,CQ=2tcm,利用三角形的面積計(jì)算公式,即可得出S=20t-4t2,再結(jié)合各線段長(zhǎng)度非負(fù),即可得出t的取值范圍;(3)分①SKIPIF1<0和②SKIPIF1<0,利用相似三角形得出比例式,建立方程求解,即可得出結(jié)論.【詳解】(1)解:由運(yùn)動(dòng)知,AP=4tcm,CQ=2tcm,∵AC=20cm,∴CP=(20-4t)cm,在Rt△CPQ中,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;∴SKIPIF1<0秒或SKIPIF1<0秒(2)由題意得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0;(3)分兩種情況:①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.因此SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0為頂點(diǎn)的三角形與SKIPIF1<0相似.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了勾股定理,相似三角形的性質(zhì),用方程的思想解決問題是解本題的關(guān)鍵.4.(2023·全國(guó)·九年級(jí)專題練習(xí))如圖,SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)D在SKIPIF1<0邊上,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)求證:SKIPIF1<0;(2)點(diǎn)E在SKIPIF1<0邊上,連接SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)F,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù).(3)在(2)的條件下,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的周長(zhǎng)等于30,求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).【答案】(1)見解析;(2)SKIPIF1<0=60°;(3)AF=11【分析】(1)根據(jù)三角形內(nèi)角與外角之間的關(guān)系建立等式,運(yùn)用等量代換得出SKIPIF1<0,證得SKIPIF1<0;(2)作CH=BE,連接DH,根據(jù)角的數(shù)量關(guān)系證得SKIPIF1<0,再由三角形全等判定得△BDH≌△ABE,最后推出△DCH為等邊三角形,即可得出SKIPIF1<0=60°;(3)借助輔助線AO⊥CE,構(gòu)造直角三角形,并結(jié)合平行線構(gòu)造△BFE∽△BDH,建立相應(yīng)的等量關(guān)系式,完成等式變形和求值,即可得出AF的值.【詳解】(1)證明:∵∠BDC=90°+SKIPIF1<0∠ABD,∠BDC=∠ABD+∠A,∴

∠A=90°-SKIPIF1<0∠ABD.∵∠BDC+∠BDA=180°,∴∠BDA=180°-∠BDC=90°-SKIPIF1<0∠ABD.∴

∠A=∠BDA=90°-SKIPIF1<0∠ABD.∴DB=AB.解:(2)如圖1,作CH=BE,連接DH,∵∠AFD=∠ABC,∠AFD=∠ABD+∠BAE,∠ABC=∠ABD+∠DBC,∴∠BAE=∠DBC.∵由(1)知,∠BAD=∠BDA,又∵∠EAC=∠BAD-∠BAE,∠C=∠ADB-∠DBC,∴∠CAE=∠C.∴AE=CE.∵BE=CH,∴BE+EH=CH+EH.即BH=CE=AE.∵AB=BD,∴△BDH≌△ABE.∴BE=DH.∵BE=CD,∴CH=DH=CD.∴△DCH為等邊三角形.∴∠ACB=60°.(3)如圖2,過點(diǎn)A作AO⊥CE,垂足為O.∵DH∥AE,∴∠CAE=∠CDH=60°,∠AEC=∠DHC=60°.∴△ACE是等邊三角形.設(shè)AC=CE=AE=x,則BE=16-x,∵DH∥AE,∴△BFE∽△BDH.∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.∵△ABF的周長(zhǎng)等于30,即AB+BF+AF=AB+SKIPIF1<0+x-SKIPIF1<0=30,解得AB=16-SKIPIF1<0.在Rt△ACO中,AC=SKIPIF1<0,AO=SKIPIF1<0,∴BO=16-SKIPIF1<0.在Rt△ABO中,AO2+BO2=AB2,即SKIPIF1<0.解得SKIPIF1<0(舍去)SKIPIF1<0.∴AC=SKIPIF1<0.∴AF=11.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了三角形角的性質(zhì)、等邊三角形的性質(zhì)與判定以及全等三角形的判定與性質(zhì)的綜合應(yīng)用,解題的關(guān)鍵是能熟練掌握三角形的性質(zhì)與全等判定并借助輔助線構(gòu)造特殊三角形的能力.【考向二(雙)8字型相似】例題:(2023·全國(guó)·九年級(jí)專題練習(xí))如圖,在菱形ABCD中,∠ADE、∠CDF分別交BC、AB于點(diǎn)E、F,DF交對(duì)角線AC于點(diǎn)M,且∠ADE=∠CDF.(1)求證:CE=AF;(2)連接ME,若SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,AF=2,求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).【答案】(1)見解析(2)2【分析】(1)通過已知條件,易證△ADF≌△CDE,即可求得;(2)根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,易求得BE和BF,根據(jù)已知條件可得SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,證明△AMF∽△CMD,SKIPIF1<0,再證明△ABC~△MEC,即可求出ME.【詳解】解:(1)∵四邊形ABCD是菱形,∴AD=CD,∠DAF=∠DCE,又∵∠ADE=∠CDF,∴∠ADE﹣∠EDF=∠CDF﹣∠EDF,∴∠ADF=∠CDE,在△ADF和△CDE中,SKIPIF1<0,∴△ADF≌△CDE,∴CE=AF.(2)∵四邊形ABCD是菱形,∴AB=BC,由(1)得:CE=AF=2,∴BE=BF,設(shè)BE=BF=x,∵SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,AF=2,∴SKIPIF1<0,解得x=SKIPIF1<0,∴BE=BF=SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,且CE=AF,∴SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,∵∠CMD=∠AMF,∠DCM=∠AMF,∴△AMF∽△CMD,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,且∠ACB=∠ACB,∴△ABC~△MEC,

∴∠CAB=∠CME=∠ACB,∴ME=CE=2.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了三角形全等,三角形相似和菱形的判定和性質(zhì),熟練它們的判定和性質(zhì)是解答此題的關(guān)鍵.【變式訓(xùn)練】1.(2022春·九年級(jí)課時(shí)練習(xí))如圖,在平行四邊形ABCD中,點(diǎn)E是AD上一點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,連接BE交AC于點(diǎn)G,延長(zhǎng)BE交CD的延長(zhǎng)線于點(diǎn)F,則SKIPIF1<0的值為()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】先根據(jù)平行四邊形的性質(zhì)得到AB∥CD,則可判斷△ABG∽△CFG,△ABE∽△DFE,于是根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì)和AE=2ED即可得結(jié)果.【詳解】解:∵四邊形ABCD為平行四邊形,∴AB∥CD,∴△ABG∽△CFG,∴SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0∵△ABE∽△DFE,∴SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,∵AE=2ED,∴AB=2DF,∴SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了平行四邊形的性質(zhì),相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),解題的關(guān)鍵是熟練掌握相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì)進(jìn)行解題.2.(2022春·陜西渭南·八年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期末)如圖在平行四邊形ABCD中,E是CD的中點(diǎn),F(xiàn)是AE的中點(diǎn),CF交BE于點(diǎn)G,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0___.【答案】2【分析】延長(zhǎng)CF、BA交于M,根據(jù)已知條件得出EF=AF,CE=SKIPIF1<0DC,根據(jù)平行四邊形的性質(zhì)得出DC∥AB,DC=AB,根據(jù)全等三角形的判定得出△CEF≌△MAF,根據(jù)全等三角形的性質(zhì)得出CE=AM,求出BM=3CE,根據(jù)相似三角形的判定得出△CEG∽△MBG,根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì)得出比例式,再求出答案即可.【詳解】解:延長(zhǎng)CF、BA交于M,∵E是CD的中點(diǎn),F(xiàn)是AE的中點(diǎn),∴EF=AF,CE=SKIPIF1<0DC,∵四邊形ABCD是平行四邊形,∴DC∥AB,DC=AB,∴CE=SKIPIF1<0AB,∠ECF=∠M,在△CEF和△MAF中SKIPIF1<0,∴△CEF≌△MAF(AAS),∴CE=AM,∵CE=SKIPIF1<0AB,∴BM=3CE,∵DC∥AB,∴△CEG∽△MBG,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵BE=8,∴SKIPIF1<0,解得:GE=2,故答案為:2.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了平行線的性質(zhì),平行四邊形的性質(zhì),全等三角形的性質(zhì)和判定,相似三角形的性質(zhì)和判定等知識(shí)點(diǎn),能綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推理和計(jì)算是解此題的關(guān)鍵.3.(2022秋·北京房山·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中)如圖,AD與BC交于O點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求CD的長(zhǎng).【答案】1.5【分析】由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0可得出SKIPIF1<0,利用相似三角形的性質(zhì)可得出SKIPIF1<0,代入SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即可求出CD的長(zhǎng).【詳解】解:∵AD與BC交于O點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.∴SKIPIF1<0.∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了相似三角形的判定與性質(zhì),解題的關(guān)鍵是掌握相似三角形對(duì)應(yīng)邊成比例列式.4.(2023秋·安徽六安·九年級(jí)??计谀┤鐖D1,在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AC=BC=1,D為AB上一點(diǎn),連接CD,分別過點(diǎn)A、B作AN⊥CD,BM⊥CD.(1)求證:AN=CM;(2)若點(diǎn)D滿足BD:AD=2:1,求DM的長(zhǎng);(3)如圖2,若點(diǎn)E為AB中點(diǎn),連接EM,設(shè)sin∠NAD=k,求證:EM=k.【答案】(1)見解析;(2)SKIPIF1<0;(3)見解析【分析】(1)證明△ACN≌△CBM(AAS),由全等三角形的性質(zhì)得出AN=CM;(2)證明△AND∽△BMD,由相似三角形的性質(zhì)得出SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)AN=x,則BM=2x,由(1)知AN=CM=x,BM=CN=2x,由勾股定理得出x=SKIPIF1<0,則可得出答案;(3)延長(zhǎng)ME,AN相交于點(diǎn)H,證明△AHE≌△BME(AAS),得出AH=BM,證得HN=MN,過點(diǎn)E作EG⊥BM于點(diǎn)G,由等腰直角三角形的性質(zhì)得出答案.【詳解】(1)證明:∵AN⊥CD,BM⊥CD,∴∠ANC=90°,∠BMC=90°,又∠ACB=90°,∴∠ACN+∠BCM=∠BCM+∠CBM=90°,∴∠ACN=∠CBM,又∵AC=BC,∴△ACN≌△CBM(AAS),∴AN=CM;(2)解:∵∠AND=∠BMD,∠ADN=∠BDM,∴△AND∽△BMD,∴SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)AN=x,則BM=2x,由(1)知AN=CM=x,BM=CN=2x,∵AN2+CN2=AC2,∴x2+(2x)2=12,∴x=SKIPIF1<0,∴CM=SKIPIF1<0,CN=SKIPIF1<0,∴MN=SKIPIF1<0,∴DM=SKIPIF1<0=SKIPIF1<0;(3)解:延長(zhǎng)ME,AN相交于點(diǎn)H,∵E為AB的中點(diǎn),∴AE=BE,∵∠ANM=90°,∠BMN=90°,∴AN∥BM,∴∠HAE=∠MBE,∠AHE=∠BME,∴△AHE≌△BME(AAS),∴AH=BM,又∵BM=CN,CM=AN,∴CN=AH,∴MN=HN,∴∠HMN=45°,∴∠EMB=45°,過點(diǎn)E作EG⊥BM于點(diǎn)G,∵sin∠NAD=k,∠NAD=∠EBG,∴sin∠EBG=SKIPIF1<0=k,又∵AC=BC=1,∴AB=SKIPIF1<0,∴BE=SKIPIF1<0,∴EG=SKIPIF1<0k,∴EM=SKIPIF1<0EG=SKIPIF1<0k=k.【點(diǎn)睛】本題是三角形綜合題,考查了全等三角形的判定與性質(zhì),銳角三角函數(shù)的定義,等腰直角三角形的判定與性質(zhì),相似三角形的判定與性質(zhì),勾股定理,熟練掌握全等三角形的判定與性質(zhì)是解題的關(guān)鍵.5.(2022·廣東佛山·??既#┤鐖D1,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0的內(nèi)角SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的平分線,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0,交SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求證:SKIPIF1<0;(2)如圖2,如果SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值;(3)如果SKIPIF1<0是銳角,且SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相似,求SKIPIF1<0的度數(shù),并直接寫出SKIPIF1<0的值.【答案】(1)見解析(2)SKIPIF1<0(3)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)由題意:SKIPIF1<0,證明SKIPIF1<0即可解決問題.(2)延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.證明SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.(3)因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相似,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0中必有一個(gè)內(nèi)角為SKIPIF1<0因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是銳角,推出SKIPIF1<0.接下來分兩種情形分別求解即可.【詳解】(1)證明:如圖1中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(2)解:延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(3)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相似,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0中必有一個(gè)內(nèi)角為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0是銳角,SKIPIF1<0.①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0.②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0相似,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題屬于相似形綜合題,考查了相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),平行線的判定和性質(zhì),銳角三角函數(shù)等知識(shí),解題的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會(huì)用分類討論的思想思考問題,屬于中考?jí)狠S題.【考向三母子型相似】例題:(2022秋·全國(guó)·八年級(jí)專題練習(xí))定義:如圖,若點(diǎn)P在三角形的一條邊上,且滿足SKIPIF1<0,則稱點(diǎn)P為這個(gè)三角形的“理想點(diǎn)”.(1)如圖①,若點(diǎn)D是SKIPIF1<0的邊AB的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,試判斷點(diǎn)D是不是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”,并說明理由;(2)如圖②,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,若點(diǎn)D是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”,求CD的長(zhǎng).【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的理想點(diǎn),理由見解析(2)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)由已知可得SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可證點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”;(2)由SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”,分三種情況:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0邊上的高,根據(jù)面積法可求SKIPIF1<0長(zhǎng)度;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)應(yīng)邊成比例即可求SKIPIF1<0長(zhǎng)度;SKIPIF1<0不可能在SKIPIF1<0上.(1)解:點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”,理由如下:SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”;(2)①SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),如圖:SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”,SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0邊上的高,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),同理可證SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0邊上的高,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,②SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0“理想點(diǎn)”SKIPIF1<0不可能在SKIPIF1<0邊上,③SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0邊上時(shí),如圖:SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的“理想點(diǎn)”,SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了相似三角形、勾股定理等知識(shí),解題的關(guān)鍵是理解“理想點(diǎn)”的定義.【變式訓(xùn)練】1.(2022秋·黑龍江哈爾濱·九年級(jí)??计谥校┤鐖D,SKIPIF1<0中,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則線段SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為___________.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,可得等腰SKIPIF1<0和等腰SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,再證明SKIPIF1<0,利用相似三角形對(duì)應(yīng)邊成比例即可求出SKIPIF1<0.【詳解】解:如圖所示,延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0到SKIPIF1<0,使SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題主要考查了等腰三角形性質(zhì)和相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),利用已知二倍角關(guān)系①構(gòu)造等腰SKIPIF1<0和②構(gòu)造等腰SKIPIF1<0是解題關(guān)鍵.2.(2022秋·安徽蚌埠·九年級(jí)??计谥校┤鐖D,在△ABC中,D為BC邊上的一點(diǎn),且AC=SKIPIF1<0,CD=4,BD=2,求證:△ACD∽△BCA.【答案】證明見解析.【分析】根據(jù)AC=SKIPIF1<0,CD=4,BD=2,可得SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)∠C=∠C,即可證明結(jié)論.【詳解】解:∵AC=SKIPIF1<0,CD=4,BD=2∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∵∠C=∠C∴△ACD∽△BCA.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了相似三角形的性質(zhì)和判定,掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)是解題關(guān)鍵.3.(2022秋·安徽蚌埠·九年級(jí)??计谥校┤鐖D,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0邊上的高,SKIPIF1<0的平分線SKIPIF1<0分別交SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求證:SKIPIF1<0;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的面積,(3)若SKIPIF1<0,請(qǐng)直接寫出SKIPIF1<0的值為______.【答案】(1)證明見解析(2)SKIPIF1<0(3)SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)利用同角的余角相等可得SKIPIF1<0,再由角平分線的定義可得SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)相似三角形的判定即可得證;(2)先根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0定理可證SKIPIF1<0,推出SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,利用勾股定理SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì)求解即可得;(3)由SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0推出SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)一元二次方程的解法求解即可得.【詳解】(1)證明:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0邊上的高,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的平分線,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(2)解:在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,如圖,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的平分線,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0.(3)解:如上圖,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0(不符題意,舍去),∴SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了相似三角形的判定與性質(zhì)、角平分線的性質(zhì)定理、解直角三角形的應(yīng)用、一元二次方程的應(yīng)用等知識(shí)點(diǎn),熟練掌握相似三角形的判定與性質(zhì)是解題關(guān)鍵.4.(2022·江蘇·九年級(jí)專題練習(xí))如圖:在矩形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,動(dòng)點(diǎn)Р以SKIPIF1<0的速度從A點(diǎn)出發(fā),沿AC向C點(diǎn)移動(dòng),同時(shí)動(dòng)點(diǎn)Q以SKIPIF1<0的速度從點(diǎn)C出發(fā),沿CB向點(diǎn)B移動(dòng),設(shè)P、Q兩點(diǎn)移動(dòng)的時(shí)間為t秒SKIPIF1<0.(1)SKIPIF1<0______m,SKIPIF1<0______m,SKIPIF1<0_____m(用含t的代數(shù)式表示)(2)t為多少秒時(shí),以P、Q、C為頂點(diǎn)的三角形與SKIPIF1<0相似?(3)在P、Q兩點(diǎn)移動(dòng)過程中,四邊形ABQP與SKIPIF1<0CPQ的面積能否相等?若能,求出此時(shí)t的值;若不能,請(qǐng)說明理由.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0;(3)四邊形ABQP與SKIPIF1<0CPQ的面積不相等,理由見解析【分析】(1)根據(jù)矩形和勾股定理的性質(zhì),計(jì)算得SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合題意,根據(jù)代數(shù)式的性質(zhì)計(jì)算,即可得到答案;(2)結(jié)合(1)的結(jié)論,根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì)列方程并求解,即可得到答案;(3)過點(diǎn)P作SKIPIF1<0,交BC于點(diǎn)M,通過證明SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)相似比的性質(zhì),推導(dǎo)得SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)題意列一元二次方程,根據(jù)一元二次方程判別式的性質(zhì)分析,即可得到答案.【詳解】(1)∵矩形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0m∵動(dòng)點(diǎn)Р以SKIPIF1<0的速度從A點(diǎn)出發(fā),沿AC向C點(diǎn)移動(dòng),同時(shí)動(dòng)點(diǎn)Q以SKIPIF1<0的速度從點(diǎn)C出發(fā),沿CB向點(diǎn)B移動(dòng),∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0故答案為:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(2)根據(jù)(1)的結(jié)論,得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,或SKIPIF1<0時(shí),以P、Q、C為頂點(diǎn)的三角形與SKIPIF1<0相似當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),得SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),得SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0;(3)如圖,過點(diǎn)P作SKIPIF1<0,交BC于點(diǎn)M∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∵四邊形ABQP與SKIPIF1<0CPQ的面積相等,SKIPIF1<0四邊形ABQP面積SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0無(wú)解,即四邊形ABQP與SKIPIF1<0CPQ的面積不相等.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了代數(shù)式、相似三角形、一元二次方程、一元一次方程的知識(shí);解題的關(guān)鍵是熟練掌握相似三角形、一元二次方程判別式的性質(zhì),從而完成求解.【考向四旋轉(zhuǎn)相似】例題:(2022秋·貴州貴陽(yáng)·九年級(jí)校考期中)如圖1,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0分別是邊SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),連接SKIPIF1<0.將SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn),記旋轉(zhuǎn)角為SKIPIF1<0.(1)問題發(fā)現(xiàn)①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0=______;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0=______;(2)拓展探究試判斷當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的大小有無(wú)變化?請(qǐng)僅就圖2的情形給出證明;(3)問題解決當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)至SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)在同一條直線上時(shí),求線段SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).【答案】(1)①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0(2)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,大小沒有變化,證明見解析(3)線段SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)①先利用勾股定理可得SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)線段中點(diǎn)的定義可得SKIPIF1<0,由此即可得;②先畫出圖形,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)可得SKIPIF1<0,再利用勾股定理可得SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)線段和差分別求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),由此即可得;(2)根據(jù)相似三角形的判定證出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì)即可得;(3)分①點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線上和②點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上,利用勾股定理求出SKIPIF1<0,從而可得SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),再根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0求解即可得.【詳解】(1)解:①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0分別是邊SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0;②如圖1,SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0分別是邊SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,如圖,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得:SKIPIF1<0的大小不變,仍等于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0長(zhǎng)度不變,仍等于2,SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)度不變,仍等于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.(2)解:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,大小沒有變化,證明如下:由旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)得:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(3)解:①如圖,當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的延長(zhǎng)線上時(shí),在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;②如圖,當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在線段SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;綜上,線段SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查了旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì)、相似三角形的判定與性質(zhì)、勾股定理、三角形中位線定理等知識(shí)點(diǎn),較難的是題(3),正確分兩種情況討論是解題關(guān)鍵.【變式訓(xùn)練】1.(2023·浙江寧波·??家荒#┤鐖D1,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)D,E分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn).把SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)B旋轉(zhuǎn)一定角度,連結(jié)SKIPIF1<0.(1)如圖2,當(dāng)線段SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)部時(shí),求證:SKIPIF1<0.(2)當(dāng)點(diǎn)D落在直線SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),請(qǐng)畫出圖形,并求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).(3)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0面積最大時(shí),請(qǐng)畫出圖形,并求出此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0的面積.【答案】(1)見解析(2)見解析;SKIPIF1<0(3)見解析,SKIPIF1<0【分析】(1)根據(jù)點(diǎn)D,E分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),得到SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn),得到SKIPIF1<0,即可得證;(2)勾股定理定理求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),中位線定理得到SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而得到SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)旋轉(zhuǎn),得到SKIPIF1<0,推出SKIPIF1<0,利用勾股定理求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng);(3)設(shè)點(diǎn)E到SKIPIF1<0的距離為h,判斷出h最大SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的面積最大,過點(diǎn)D作SKIPIF1<0于H,證明SKIPIF1<0,利用對(duì)應(yīng)邊對(duì)應(yīng)成比例,求出SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng),利用SKIPIF1<0進(jìn)行求解即可.【詳解】(1)證明:∵點(diǎn)D,E分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0∴SKIPIF1<0,

由旋轉(zhuǎn)知,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0;(2)解:如圖,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,由(1)圖∵點(diǎn)D,E分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∵點(diǎn)D落在SKIPIF1<0上,∴SKIPIF1<0,由(1)知,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)勾股定理得,SKIPIF1<0;(3)解:如圖,設(shè)點(diǎn)E到SKIPIF1<0的距離為h,則SKIPIF1<0,要SKIPIF1<0的面積最大,則h最大,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),此時(shí),h最大SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,由旋轉(zhuǎn)知,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,過點(diǎn)D作SKIPIF1<0于H,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,在題干圖1中,∵點(diǎn)D,E分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.【點(diǎn)睛】本題考查相似三角形的判定和性質(zhì),旋轉(zhuǎn)的性質(zhì),三角形的中位線,勾股定理.本題的綜合性較強(qiáng),難度較大,解題的關(guān)鍵是根據(jù)題意,正確的畫出圖形.2.(2022·山東棗莊·校考模擬預(yù)測(cè))如圖1,在等腰直角三角形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),以SKIPIF1<0為邊作正方形SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.將正方形SKIPIF1<0繞點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn),旋轉(zhuǎn)角為SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0).(1)如圖2,在旋轉(zhuǎn)過程中,①判斷SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0是否全等,并說明理由;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng).(2)如圖3,延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0交直線SKIPIF1<0于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.求證:SKIPIF1<0;【答案】(1)①SKIPIF1<0,理由見解析;②SKIPIF1<0(2)證明見解析【分析】(1)①根據(jù)“邊角邊”,證明SKIPIF1<0即可;②過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)①中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)三線合一的性質(zhì),得出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)勾股定理,得出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0,得出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)相似三角形的性質(zhì),計(jì)算即可得出答案;(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)(1)SKIPIF1<0,得出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)角之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系,得出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)

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