高中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

XX主謂一致

（一）主謂一致的應(yīng)用

1.名詞作主語

1）某些集體名詞，如family,team等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂

語

動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如：

Hisfamilyisahappyone.

ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.

這類名詞有：audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,

government,group,party,public,team等。

2）某些集體名詞,如people,police,cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語動詞必

須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.

4）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),

往

往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語用單數(shù)

形式。如：

Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.

5）不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時(shí),

謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.

6）如果主語有morethanone很多非常…或manya許多構(gòu)成，盡管從意

義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.

Manyagirlhasbeenthere.

7）一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常用

復(fù)數(shù)

形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。

但如果主語用"akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構(gòu)

成時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：

Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.

8）thiskindofmen的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，menofthiskind的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，

allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Thiskindofmenisdangerous.

Menofthiskindaredangerous.

9）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意

義時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works

（工廠），species

（種類），Chinese,Japanese等。如：

The（This）glassworkswassetupin1980.（這家玻璃廠建于1980年。）

The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.（這些玻璃在火

車站附近。）

10）all,most,half,restof看of后面的詞，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用

復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：

Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.

Allofthewaterisgone.

11）在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：

Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.

2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

1）用and或both...and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

Plasticsandrubberneverrot.

Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.

2）當(dāng)主語后面是艮有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,along

with,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto

等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由引導(dǎo)詞前面的主語而定。如：The

teacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.

3）以or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等連接的名詞（代

詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：

Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.

Eitheryouorheistogo.

3.代詞作主語

1）關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)

與

句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：

Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.

Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.

2）疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時(shí)一，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的

息、

思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：

Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.

Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.

Whatproduce(s)heat?

4.分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語

1)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由"alotof,lotsofplentyof,alarge

quantityof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞要與短語

中。f后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞，而

短語中前

面的量詞是修飾語，例如：

Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.

Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsof

theworkersherearewomen.

和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”謂語用復(fù)數(shù)譯為大量，許

多，

thenumberof中心詞是number,謂語用單數(shù)，譯為…的數(shù)量

Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.

Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantitiesof

不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.

短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為"大量"；insmallquantities

意為“少量〃。

2)agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂

語動詞通常用單數(shù)；largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語

動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

Alargeamountof（Agreatdealof）damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.

Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.

3）表示數(shù)量的。neandahalf后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語

時(shí)，

謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：

Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.

5.名詞化的形容詞作主語

如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）〃結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這

類

詞有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,

thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；

Theblindstudyinspecialschools.

Thepoorliveinaundevelepedcountry

6.從句作主語

1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語

動詞

一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之，單數(shù)。例如：

Whatweneedismoretime.

Whatweneedaredoctors.

diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.

A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeople

C.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples

2.Eitheryouorthepresidenttheprizestothesegiftedwinners

atthemeeting.

A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout

C.arehandingoutD.istohandout

3.1,whoyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.

A.amB.isC.areD.be

4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008inBeijingofChina,which

knowntousall.

A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;was

C.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is

5.TherealotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep

up.

A.were;itB.are;them

C.was;itD.is;them

6.Threemilliontonsofcoaleveryyearinthecity.

A.isexploitedB.areexploited

C.hadexploitedD.haveexploited

7.StoriesoftheLongMarchpopularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.

A.isB.wasC.areD.were

8.Mathematicsthelanguageofscience.

A.areB.aregoingtobe

C.isD.istobe

9.Bothriceandwheatgrowninourcountry.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

10.eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?

A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is

11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneedgoodbooks.

A.isB.areC.haveD.has

12.ThewholefamilyTVattentively.

A.arewatchingB.iswatching

C.isseeingD.areseeing

13.Nothingbutseveralglassesboughtbymyfatherthedaybefore

yesterday.

A.wasB.were

C.havebeenD.wouldbe

14.Atthebusstopasoldierandtwoyoung

peopleontheirwaytothevillage.

A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits

15.Iflawandorder,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.

A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreserved

C.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved

16.Therelittlechangeinthatmiddleschool.

A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen

17.Whatsuchasunsetisstrangetousall.

A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that

18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearthssurfacewithwater.

A.iscoveredB.iscovering

C.werecoveredD.arecovered

19.Thefollowingsomeothermentaldiseases.

A.beingB.areC.wasD.were

20.NotonlyyoubutalsoIabletohelphimout.

A.areB.isC.amD.were

/

21."TheKites"usastoryofthekiteshistory.

A.havetoldB.tells

C.weretoldD.wastold

22.YouandItwinsisters.

A.wereB.areC.isD.am

23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacherussomethingaboutvolunteer

workers.

A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven

24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbishoveralargeperiodoftime.

A.rotsawayB.rotaway

C.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway

25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkersthenewly-builtstadium.

A.iscleaningB.arecleaning

C.werecleaningD.havecleaned

26.ManyastudentsomethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.

A.haveknownB.knows

C.isknownD.areknown

27.Thedefenceworksbuiltlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.

A.wereB.hasbeen

C.hadbeenD.was

28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage'UsingtheMindagainst

Disease7?!'

A.NobodyofushasB.Nobodyofushave

C.NoneofushasD.Noneofusdid

29.AgroupofItaliansoldiersquicklytowardstheirposition.

A.wereadvancingB.wereadvanced

C.wasadvancingD.advancing

30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoungsportsandgames.

A.isenjoyB.wereenjoying

C.enjoysD.enjoy

1.解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)不加-s

2.解析：選D.當(dāng)either...or連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和

上和后一個(gè)主語保持一致。"be+不定式〃表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動

作。

3.解析：選A.wh。為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I,所以謂語動

詞要

用rr-iam.

4.解析：選D.主語theOlympicGames意為：奧運(yùn)會，謂語動詞要用非第三

人稱

單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單

數(shù)形式。

5.解析：選C.therebe句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，alotof

rubbish（不可數(shù)名詞），因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。

6.解析：選A.主語為coal,是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。

7.解析：選A.主語StoriesoftheLongMarch是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱

單數(shù)形式。

8.解析：選C.此處mathematics為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動詞要用第三人

稱單

數(shù)形式。

9.解析：選B.both--and一連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動詞要用非第

人稱單數(shù)形式。

10.解析：選C.either是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一

致。

1L解析：選B.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞

的數(shù)來

決定，此處要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

12.解析：選A.此處指：家里的各個(gè)成員，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單

數(shù)形式。

13.解析：選A.此處nothing句子的主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

14.解析:選A.此句為倒裝句，句子的主語是asoldierandtwoyoungpeople.

15.解析：選B.此處主語lawandorder指的是同一個(gè)概念，所以謂語動詞要

用第

三人稱單數(shù)形式.

16.解析：選D.此處therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語littlechange是不可數(shù)名詞。

17.解析：選C.本句是主語從句，缺謂語，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

18.解析：選A.本句缺謂語，主語percent后面是不可數(shù)名詞，所以要用第三

人稱

單數(shù)形式。

19.解析：選B.本句的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)

形。

20.解析：選C.根據(jù)就近一致性原則，謂語用am.

21.解析：選B.本句的主語是書名，從整體考慮，謂語是第三人稱單數(shù)形。

22.解析：選B.用and連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語用非第三人稱單數(shù)形.

23.解析：選B.本句主語是同一個(gè)人，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

24.解析：選B.本句主語是tons,是復(fù)數(shù)形式，rot是不及物動詞，不可用被動

形

式。

25.解析：選A.本句主語Mayor是單數(shù)形式，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

26.解析：選B.主語manyastudent意思是復(fù)數(shù)，形式是單數(shù)。謂語動詞要

用第三

人稱單數(shù)形。

27.解析：選D.主語works是集合名詞，當(dāng)成整體考慮，謂語動詞要用第三

人稱單

數(shù)形。Longago表示過去.

28.解析：選C.因?yàn)閱柧涫峭瓿蓵r(shí)態(tài)，答句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)回答，另外主語不

可用

nobodyofus.

29.解析：選A.主語agroupof在本句中表示具體每個(gè)人。

30.解析：選C.本句主語是不定代詞everyone,為單數(shù)主語，謂語動詞要用

第三人

稱單數(shù)形。

練習(xí)：主謂一致

,whoyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

2.Therichnotalwayshappy.

3.NeitherTomnorJackandIhisstudents.

4.MaryaswellashersistersChineseinChina.

A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.

studiesD.study

5.NeithermyfathernorIathome.

6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgood

painters.,

;are;am;are

；is

7.Every'boyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty,

like

8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.

C.would

be

9.ThepopulationofChinalargerthanthatof.anyothercountryinthe

world.

10.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutanyresult.

A.havebeentobeto

beD.hasbeen

11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,forhavingbrokentherule.

A.waspunishedB.punishedC.were

punishedD.beingpunished

12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitoraskedtoattendthe.meetingthis

afternoon.

being

13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor.

A.isanoldmanB.arebotholdmen

C.isanoldmanandayoungmanD.weretwoChinese

14.Thereapen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.

15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclassgirls.

A.areB.wasC.

isD.be

16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildrosesmuchifpeopleleave

thingsastheyare.

A.doesn11change'tchange

17.TheArabianNightswellknowntotheEnglish.

A.isB.areC.

wasD.were

18.ChairmanMao'sworkspublished.

A.has

beenbeen

19.Achemicalworksbuiltthere.

A.istobeingbeenC.were

tobeen

20.TheOlympicGamesheldeveryyears.

;four;four;five

;five

21.TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesinthe

world.

istheonlyoneofdiestudentswhoelected.

A.

are

isoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthatasked.

C.have

beenbeen

amancometohelpus.

25."Allpresentandallgoingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.

;is;are;is

;are

26.Thepolicethemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedina

theatre.

A.issearchingforB.weresearchingfor

C.aresearchingforD.were

searching

trousersmusthavewashed.

them

pairoftrouseistoolongforhim.

29.Oneandahalfbananasleftonthetable.

30.Eighttimeseightsixty-four.

31.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.

themoneynmout.

A.Three-fifth;hasB.

Three-fifth;hasbeen

C.Three-fifths;hasD.

Three-fifths;have

33.Thewholeclasstheteacherattentively.

A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningto

listeningD.is

listening

havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhichmore

difficult.

35.Betweenthetworowsoftreestheteachingbuilding.

C.

standing

36.Largequantitiesofwaterforirrigation.

A.isneededB.has-neededC.are

neededD.need

37.Thattheywerewronginthesemattersnowcleartousall.

A.

is

weneedgoodtextbooks.

39.Whatyousaidjustnowthematterwearediscussing.

somethingtoatB.hassomethingtodowith

somethingtodowithbeensomethingtodowith

40.Morethanonememberagainsttheplan.

A.

is

41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.

A.hasnotdecidedB.isnotdecided

C.arenotdecidedD.havenotdecided

42.Halfofthefruitbad.

A.areB.hasC.

isD.have

43.eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?

A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is

44.Mathematicsthelanguageofscience.

A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe

45.My