新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4課后答案

.tivereadingngforajobafteruniversityFirstgetoffthesofadingliarwords3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsorevents(proceed)theprocessofchangingfromonesituationformorstatetoanother(transition)notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotionalway(detached)referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(uping)esittingstillinapositionthatisnotuprightslumptoreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehavingreverttosaywhathappenedrecountpletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity3.isnteasytomakethetransitionfromabusyuniversitystudenttoanunemployedyoungadult)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindlesstelevisionshow,wonderingifandhowtheircareerisgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiodofinactivitylikethis,when(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetimerefertothesamestrangepsychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressuretogoandlookforajob,andtendtoregard(6)upinginterviewsasiftheywerenotveryimportant.Typically,backathomeafterthreeor.v..fouryearsawaythey(7)reverttooldhabits,startseeingoldfriends,and,inmanycases,beedependentagainontheirparents.ReplacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsintheboxYoumayneedtomakeotherchanges.IwenttoamixedabilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon.(prehensive)Igotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence.(cop)HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford(aerial)Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice.(clutched)YoushouldspeaktoTobyhesansupporterofflexibleworkinghoursadvocate)Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsagoanditstillhasn’tgotbetterpletely.(healed)6Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.1Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofuture"madifficultorbeasytosolve3Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)moreactivethanusual"4Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon’twantto,or(b)bylisteningtowhatyouhavetosayttoachangetheworldorbstayathomeanddonothing"7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.1Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayforsomething"2Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthesamejourneytogetheror(b)inthesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation".v..3Ifyoufeelyouhaveefullcircle,doyou(a)feelyouarebackwhereyoustarted,or(b)feelasenseofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavepletedsomething"4Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakindandsympatheticway,orbinalazywaywithoutmakingadecision"5Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself(a)well,or(b)Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,or(b)notcareabout7Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyouencouragingthemto(a)takebilityagainorbtakeiteasy8Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineitcarefullyandsensitivelyorbrefertoitquicklyandthenchangethesubject"Activereading2)liarwords4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.nyorentertainingamusingusedforemphasizingthatsomethinggoodhashappenedespeciallybecauseofgoodanamountofmoneythatapersonbusinessorcountryborrows,usuallyfromabanktotakeanamountornumberfromatotal(deduct).v..emostexcitingimpressiveorinterestingpartofaneventhighlightshowthatyouunderstandsomeonesproblemssympathizeneedingalotoftimeability,andenergy(demanding)pletetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivityAAfterthreeyearsatuniversity,I’mnowquiteheavilyindebt.BIsympathizewithyouIknowwhatitsliketohavefinancialproblemsBut(2)fortunatelyIdidntneedtotakeoutastudent(3)loanwhenIwasatuniversity,becauseIhadapart-timejob.AWhatdidyoudoBIworkedinarestaurantatweekends.AThatmusthavebeenvery(4)demanding.BYesitwasIhadtogettherightbalancebetweenworkandstudyButtheotherpeoplewhoworkedthereweregoodfuntobewith,soitwasquite(5)amusingtoo.The(6)highlightoftheweekendwasalwaysSaturdaynightwhenweworkedovertime.AButIdontexpectyoumadealotofmoney"BNotherewasntmuchaftertheyddeductedtaxandpensioncontributionsButitwasenoughtokeepmegoing.Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.1WhenIwasatcollegeIkeptallmypersonalthingsinanoldcupboard.2Alotofpeoplewholeaveuniversitybeforegettingadegreeendupingoodjobs.3Ithinkshe’llgetagooddegree,butIwouldn’triskmymoneyontheexactresult..v..4ThemoneyIspentatcollegewasmorethanwhatIearnedinmypart-timejob.Thechancesofmybeingofferedajobafterthatinterviewmustbequiteremote.6Ourbusinesshasdoneverywellsincewechangedouradvertising.7Ithinktellingthetruthandnotcheatingisalwaysthebestpolicy.Keybelongingsdropoutsgambleexceeded(5)oddsvedhonesty7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.1Ifsomethingisnotallit’scrackeduptobe,isit(a)validandinteresting,or(b)justalittlebitdisappointing"Ifsomeonekeepsbangingonaboutsomethingareyoulikelytobe(a)interestedin,or(b)boredbywhattheysay"3Ifthereisalotofhassleinyourlife,areyoulikelytofeel(a)stressed,or(b)relaxed"4Ifsomethinghappensoutoftheblue,isit(a)unexpected,or(b)partofyourplan"5Ifyousayyouendedupinaparticularjob,doyousuggestthat(a)youhavefulfilledyourambition,or(b)ithappenedalmostbychance"6Aretheregularsinapub(a)thecustomerswhoeveryoften,or(b)thefoodthepubstofteneryeasyorbnoteasyatall8Ifyoutreatsomeonetosomething,doyou(a)buysomethingniceforthem,or(b)em9Ifyoucheeraplaceup,doyou(a)maketheplacelookbrighter,or(b)makethepeopleppier.v..ing8Lookatthesentencesfromthepassageandidentifythestylefeatures.Twelveyearsatschoolandthreeyearsatuniversity,teachersbangingonaboutopportunitiesinthebigwideworldbeyondourshelteredlifeasstudents,andwhatdoIdThisshowstheinformalityofaninpletesentenceinthefirstpart,theuseofaninformalexpressionbangingonandarhetoricalquestiontothereader(WhatdoIfind")TryasImighttostaycheerfulallIevergetishassle,sometimeswithpeople(especiallyboysgodwhenwilltheygrowup")…Thishastheuseofaninformalword(hassle),aninformalexclamation(god)andaquestiontheenwilltheygrowup3Actually,IhadmyeyeonthecourseattheLondonSchoolofEconomics(LSE).thereisadiscoursemarkertypicalofspeechActuallyandaninformalphrasehadmyeyeon).4Ikindofunderstandit,andnotjustbecausemydegreeisineconomics.general,vagueornotdefinite).Iwantedsomethinginfinanceandinvestmentsbecauseyouknowmaybewithajoblikethat,Icouldusemydegree.Thishasadiscoursemarkerofinformalspeech(youknow).6...it’strue,hereallydidseemtohavethreehands..v..Againhereisadiscoursemarkerofinformalspeech(it’strue).7Italkedtohimabout...well,aboutprettywelleverything…Thishasanotherdiscoursemarkerofinformalspeech(well)andaninformalphrase(prettywell).ordformationpoundnounsWritethepoundnounswhichmeanadegreewhichisawardedafirstclass(afirst-classdegree)rkinahospitalhospitalworkticketforaplanejourneyaplaneticketadiscountforstudents(astudentdiscount)passwhichallowsyoutotravelonbusesabuspassaroomwhereaninterviewisheldaninterviewroom)aperiodspentintrainingatrainingperiod)ordformationnounphrasesitethenounphraseswhichmeanacareerwhichisrewardingfromthefinancialpointofview(afinanciallyrewardinglegislationwhichhasbeenintroducedrecentlyrecentlyintroducedlegislation)instructionswhicharemoreplexthanusualunusuallyplexinstructionsaninstitutionwhichisorientatedtowardsacademic(academicallyorientatedwork)hichmakesphysicaldemandsonyouphysicallydemandingwork.v..informationwhichhasthepotentialtobeimportantpotentiallyimportantinformationcandidateswhohavebeenselectedafteracarefulprocedure(carefullyselectedtesacoursebookinwhicheverythinghasbeenplannedbeautifullyabeautifullyplannedxtbooktryasmight3Rewritethesentencesusingtryas…might.1I’mtryingtofillthislastpage,butIjustcan’tthinkofanything.TryasImighttofillthislastpage,Ijustcan’tthinkofanything.2ItrytobefriendlywithMarta,butshedoesn’tseemtorespond.TryasImighttobefriendlywithMarta,shedoesn’tseemtorespond.3Itryhardtogettosleep,butIcan’thelpthinkingaboutmyfamily.TryasImighttogettosleep,Ican’thelpthinkingaboutmyfamily.4Hejustdoesn’tseemtogetthepromotionhedeserves,eventhoughhekeepstrying.Tryashemighthejustdoesn’tseemtogetthepromotionhedeserves./Tryashemighttogetthepromotionhedeserves,hejustdoesn’tseemtogetit.Ikeeptryingtorememberhername,butmymindisablank.TryasImighttorememberhername,mymindisablank.giventhat…4Rewritethesentencesusinggiventhat…1SinceIknowseverallanguages,IthoughtIwouldlookforworkabroad..v..GiventhatIknowseverallanguages,IthoughtIwouldlookforworkabroad.2XiaoLihasthebestqualifications,sosheshouldgetthejob.GiventhatXiaoLihasthebestqualifications,sheshouldgetthejob.3Sincewe’reallhere,Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideatogetdowntosomework.Giventhatwe’reallhere,Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideatogetdowntosomework.4Sinceit’sratherlate,Ithinkweshouldleavethislasttaskuntiltomorrow.Giventhatit’sratherlate,IthinkweshouldleavethislasttaskuntilroducedbythanRewritethesentencesusingclausesintroducedbythan.1She’sexperiencedatgivingadvice.I’mmoreexperienced.SheslessexperiencedatgivingadvicethanIamImmoreexperiencedatgivingadvicethansheis.2Youeattoomuchchocolate.Itisn’tgoodforyou.Youeattoomuchchocolatethanisgoodforyou.3Sheworkedveryhard.Mostpart-timersdon’tworksohard.Sheworkedharderthanmostpart-timersdo.4Youhavearrivedlatetoomanytimes.Thatisn’tacceptable.Youhavearrivedlatemoretimesthanisacceptable.Idon’tthinkyoushouldhavegivensomuchpersonalinformation.Itisn’twise.Ithinkyouhavegivenmorepersonalinformationthaniswise.ns6Readtheexplanationsofthewords.Answerthequestions..v..1highlightAhighlightisthemostexciting,impressive,orinterestingpartofanevent.(a)Whatwouldyouliketobethehighlightofyourcareer"ldlikethehighlightofmystudentcareertobetoreceiveanationalawardforthebeststudentresearchproject.(b)Howcanyouhighlightanimportantsentenceinatext"Youcanunderlineitinpencilorpenoryoucanusecolouredpensorhighlighters.(c)Whataretheeditedhighlightsofafootballmatch"Thehighlightsarewhensomeonescoresagoalorpreventsonefrombeingscored.2loanAloanisanamountofmoneysomeoneborrowsfromsomeoneelse.(a)Haveyouevertakenoutaloan"NoIhavent.Butmyparentshavetakenoutseveralloanstobuykitchenequipment.(b)Whatisthebestwaytopayoffaloan"Itisbesttopayaloanoffquickly,althoughyouwillstillhavetopaysomeinterest.whatdoyouhavetodowithitYouhavetoreturnitbeforethedateitisdue,otherwiseyoumayhavetopayafine.3thriveTothrivemeanstobeverysuccessful,happyorhealthy.(a)Whatsortofbusinessthrivesbestinyourpartofthecountry"Inmypartofthecountry,lightindustriesandelectronicspaniesthrive.(b)Whichsortofplantsthriveinahotclimate"tclimateyoucanseetropicalfruitandvegetablesthriveandalsotropicalplantsandtrees.(c)Whydoyouthinksomecouplesthriveonconflict".v..ifficulttounderstandwhysomecouplesthriveonconflictMaybeeachonewantstot7TranslatetheparagraphsintoChinese.IfyouaskmereallifeisnotallitscrackeduptobeTwelveyearsatschoolandthreeyearsatuniversityteachersbangingonaboutopportunitiesinthebigwideworldbeyondourshelteredlifeasstudents,andwhatdoIfind"TryasImighttostaycheerfulallIevergetishassle,sometimeswithpeople(especiallyboysgodwhenwilltheygrowup"),butmostlywithmoney.It’sjustsoexpensiveouthere!Everyonewantsasliceoffyou.TheInlandRevenuewantstodeductinetax,thebankmanagerwantsrepaymentsonmystudentloan,thelandlordwantstherent,gas,water,electricityandmymobilebillskeepingin,andallthat’sbeforeI’vehadanythingtoeat.Andthensomebrightsparkcallsmeoutoftheblue,askingifI’minterestedinbuyingapension.AtthisrateIwontevenlasttilltheendoftheyearletalonetillIm.〔?翻譯時(shí)可以根據(jù)直在沒完沒了地談?wù)撛诎矊幍膶W(xué)生生活之外那個(gè)廣闊天地里的各種時(shí)機(jī)，可我遇到的又是什么呢.持心情愉快，麻煩事總是接踵而來：有時(shí)是跟人爭(zhēng)吵〔尤其是跟男孩，天都很貴！人人都想從我國稅局要收個(gè)人所得稅，銀行經(jīng)理要我償清學(xué)生貸款，房東催我交房租、燃?xì)?，手機(jī)賬單也不斷地寄來。所有這些還沒算上吃飯的錢。更可氣的是，不知從.v..丁地給我打，問我要不要買養(yǎng)老金。照這樣下去，我連今年8TranslatetheparagraphsintoEnglish.第二專業(yè)并不適合每一位本科生。我大學(xué)本科主修英語專業(yè)，大一時(shí)就開場(chǎng)輔修無疑，我是班里最用功的學(xué)生。我竭盡全力想同時(shí)到達(dá)兩個(gè)不同專業(yè)的要求，但還的時(shí)候。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)需要良好的數(shù)學(xué)根底，我不得不花大量時(shí)間鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，因而忽英國文學(xué)"及"宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)"兩門課不及格給我敲響了警鐘，這可是我一生中第一次考，這大大打擊了我的自信心。雖然我不是一個(gè)容易向命運(yùn)低頭的人，在暑假完畢的時(shí)是決定放棄經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，以免兩個(gè)專業(yè)都難以完成。當(dāng)我只需修一個(gè)專業(yè)的時(shí)候，一切似bowtofateetoaclose;forfearthat;nowthat)uaskmetakingasecondmajorisntgoodforeveryundergraduateInmyfreshmanyearasanEnglishmajor,Itookeconomicsasmyminor.Byallodds,Iwasthemosthardworkingstudentinmyclass.ButtryasImighttomeettherequirementsofthetwodifferentsubjectsIstillcouldn’tdowellenoughtopassalltheexams.Giventhatthestudyofeconomicsrequiredagoodmandofmathematics,IhadtospendsomuchtimeonmaththatIneglectedmyEnglishmajor.thesecondsemestersoundedthealarmformeThiswasthefirsttimeIdidnotpassacourseinmylife,whichhadgreatlysappedmyconfidenceAlthoughIwasnotamanwhowouldeasilybowtofate,asthesummerbreakcametoacloseIdecidedtogiveupeconomicsforfearthatIwouldfailin.v..thsubjectsNowthatIhadonlyonesubjecttoattendtoeverythingseemedtobeontherighttrackagain.slationofthepassagestivereading第一要義：別躺在沙發(fā)上做夢(mèng)融危機(jī)的背景下，做父母的該如何鼓勵(lì)他們.歲英俊的兒子穿上學(xué)士袍，戴上四方帽，驕傲地握著優(yōu)等學(xué)士學(xué)位證書，。等到暑假快要完畢，全國各地的學(xué)生正在為新學(xué)期做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候，你發(fā)現(xiàn)大學(xué)酒。這位前"千禧一代〞的后裔一夜之間變成了哼哼一代的成員。他能找到工作嗎.中的大多數(shù)人不知道自己下一步該做什么。父母只會(huì)嘮叨，而兒女們那么毫無緣由住的另外5個(gè)男孩也都跟他一樣，進(jìn)去又出來了。找工作的壓力不大，雖然他所認(rèn)識(shí)的大他說："我申請(qǐng)政治學(xué)研究工作，但被拒了。他們給的年薪是1萬8千鎊，交完房租后所剩一罐煮豆子，可他們還要有研究經(jīng)歷或碩士學(xué)位的人。然后我又申請(qǐng)了公務(wù)員.v..覺得自己不可能那樣，但我顯然就是那樣的。〞太多，已經(jīng)到了影響安康的地步。跟朋友談自己漫無目標(biāo)的日子時(shí)，他才發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的"酒吧工作，我上的是綜合性中學(xué)，我拼命讀書才考上了一所好大學(xué)。到了大學(xué)，我又，才得到一個(gè)好學(xué)位?？涩F(xiàn)在我卻跟那些沒上過大學(xué)的朋友處在同一個(gè)水平線上，他作?，F(xiàn)在找工作很難，因?yàn)槿绻阌辛藢W(xué)位，學(xué)位就會(huì)為你提供新的時(shí)機(jī)，至少你自己會(huì)這么想。〞態(tài)度還比較溫和，但是她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期的假之后，他他們交了大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)，所以他們也該給我們一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)回報(bào)了。南美度假就是一個(gè)分水嶺，他回來以后如果找不到工作，那就打圣誕節(jié)零工好了。〞工作的轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)孩子和父母來說都很困難，關(guān)鍵是他們要在支持理解孩子和不溺愛孩定要找他們想方法。但很多父母心太軟了。必須限制孩子的零花錢，要求他們交.v..擔(dān)日常生活或養(yǎng)寵物的花銷。父母要過正常的生活，不要讓孩子隨便用你們的銀行卡或者榨干你們的情感能量。〞寬容，但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折，父母應(yīng)該體諒他們，寬容他們幾天甚子。她說，由于男人和女人處理挫折的方式不同，孩子們需要跟男人談話，才能度持他們?nèi)ゾ瓢晒ぷ鳎耗鞘且种飘厴I(yè)冷漠癥的一劑良方。這工作好不好要取決于你就是在酒吧打工的時(shí)候，林登費(fèi)爾德找到了她的第一份工作，當(dāng)航拍助手。她說很快就會(huì)升職。所以，把它看作是時(shí)機(jī)，那些最終能成功的人士都有在超市上貨的經(jīng)歷。〞大的雞套裝站在墨西哥快餐連鎖店ElPolloLoco的門口招攬生意。他們中沒有一個(gè)人因?yàn)檫@些Activereading2)依我看，現(xiàn)實(shí)生活與人們想象的不一樣。我們上了12年的中、小學(xué)，又上了3年的大學(xué)，.v..一直在沒完沒了地談?wù)撛诎矊幍膶W(xué)生生活之外那個(gè)廣闊天地里的各種時(shí)機(jī)，可我遇到的又是什么呢.持心情愉快，麻煩事總是接踵而來：有時(shí)是跟人爭(zhēng)吵〔尤其是跟男孩，天么東西都很貴！人人都想從我錢去：國稅局要收個(gè)人所得稅，銀行經(jīng)理要我償清學(xué)生貸款，房東催我交房租、燃?xì)?、電費(fèi)，手機(jī)賬單也不斷地寄來。所有這些還沒算上吃飯的錢。更可氣的是，不知從一個(gè)自作聰明的家伙冷不丁地給我打，問我要不要買養(yǎng)老金。照這樣下去，我連今年都活不過去了，更別提活到60歲領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金了。出去工作。我的意思是，我并不是個(gè)中途輟學(xué)者，但我知道自己以后可能不繼__續(xù)攻讀碩士學(xué)位。實(shí)際上，我已經(jīng)瞄上了倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院的課程，這是一所頂尖給我的履歷表增添一段榮耀的經(jīng)歷。但當(dāng)我跟媽媽談起這件事時(shí)，她說她沒法繼續(xù)辛茹苦。這些年來，父親大局部時(shí)間都不在家。就算在家，他也沒錢。他把錢都拿管人們說什么，幸運(yùn)的是世上還是有很多好心人。麥克就是其中的一個(gè)。大學(xué)想如果我回家，媽媽會(huì)覺得她有責(zé)任照顧我。所以，我就收拾行去倫敦找工作。我投資方面的職位，因?yàn)槟阒肋@樣我就可以用上我的專業(yè)知識(shí)?？墒悄菚r(shí)候已經(jīng)沒的什么地方，你都能找到一個(gè)好酒吧。有一天，我意識(shí)到這個(gè)城里沒有人.v..最擅長(zhǎng)做的事情：為那些口渴的顧客效勞，沒人能比得上他。所以我就走上前去問人。好吧，長(zhǎng)話短說，某個(gè)周五的午餐時(shí)間我開場(chǎng)在那個(gè)酒吧打工。這份工作要求得我挺逗樂的，這也讓我感覺好一些。有位穿西服的中年?？涂傄肫访摽嗥〔酥?，面包皮要消掉。他叫托尼。我一看見他進(jìn)來，不等他開口就開場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備他個(gè)人沒錢的時(shí)候花錢最容易。我開場(chǎng)琢磨怎么花第一個(gè)月的薪水了。我住的公第一個(gè)月的大筆賬單，但是我估計(jì)還能剩點(diǎn)錢好好犒勞一下自己。我想，何不買CD或買盆花草裝點(diǎn)一下房間.天正好是我的生日，除了麥克和托尼，我在倫敦就沒有別的朋友了。如果你知沒有男朋友，你就會(huì)理解我為什么覺得對(duì)不起自己了。我給自己定了些鮮花，讓賣凳和旁邊幾個(gè)人說話。記?。核鳡柶澆锞瓢墒窃谑兄行?，這里所有的顧客都在銀行、保險(xiǎn)或證券市場(chǎng)工作。第二天，他拿著幾價(jià)值共2萬英鎊的支票來到酒吧，他對(duì)我給我們。如果你還不了錢，那就太糟了，金融生意就是這樣。但是，我相信你還得了。〞我沒說話，我怕我自己要哭了。世上這么好的人能有幾個(gè)..v..到這些鮮花，不是嗎.憶這些年的經(jīng)歷，我發(fā)現(xiàn)人一輩子只需要一兩次的轉(zhuǎn)折就能成功。就算吃苦受酒吧干了一年之后，我去了倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院深造。拿到碩士學(xué)位之后，我在一家投資銀行找到了一份工作。我把那兩萬英鎊投進(jìn)了證券市場(chǎng)，在2021年金融崩盤之前賣掉錢正好可以用來改造房子，房子改造后他就可以坐著輪椅在家里自由活動(dòng)了。下面還對(duì)你的信任和你的老實(shí)都獲得了百倍的回報(bào)。依我看，在人身上投資能帶來你最希望看到的回報(bào)。〞依我看，他說得對(duì)。你說呢.tivereadingooksmaychangeyourlifeintsLewisCarrollisthepennameofCharlesDodgsonHewasapriest,amathematicianwhotaughtatOxfordUniversityaphotographer,humoristandwriteroftureAlicesAdventuresinWonderlandwasimmediatelysuccessfulamasterpiecewhichrevolutionizedchildrensliteraturegivingcoherenceandlogicthrough.v..witandhumourtounlikelyorimpossibleepisodesinwhichimaginarycreaturesembodyrecognizablehumancharacteristics.HeisalsoknownforThroughtheLookingGlassandwhatAlicefoundthere(1871)andnonsensepoems,suchasTheHuntingoftheSnark(1876).WilliamCowper–1800):anotableEnglishpoet,writerofhymnsandletter-writer.HewrotegentlepiousdirectpoemsabouteverydayrurallifeandscenesofthecountrysidewhichhavebeenseenasforerunnersoftheRomanticmovement:ColeridgecalledCowper"thebestmodernpoet”.HetranslatedHomer’sGreekepics.TheOdysseyandTheIliadintoEnglishAnotherexampleofhisverseswhichhavebeemonsayingsis"Godmovesinmysteriousways,Hiswonderstoperform…”JohnSteinbeck1902–1968):AmericannovelistwhowasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962.TheGrapesofWrath(1939)isawell-known,longtragicnovelaboutanAmericanfamilyoffarmerswhoaredrivenofftheirlandinOklahomabysoilerosioninthefamous"dustbowl”era.TheyfleetoCaliforniatowhattheyhopewillbeabetterlife.ThebookwonthePulitzerPrizeandwasmadeintoafilminOtherwellknownnovelsincludeOfMiceandMen(1937),CanneryRow(1945),ThePearl(1947),EastofEden(1952)andanaccountofapersonalrediscoveryofAmerica,TravelswithCharlie(1962).JohnIrving1942–):AmericannovelistandscreenwriterwhotaughtEnglishatcollegeandwasawrestlingcoachTheFourthHandisaicsatiricalnovelaboutaTVjournalist,Wallingtonwhosehandisseenbymillionsofviewerstobebittenoffbyacircuslion.Asurgeongiveshimahandtransplant(athirdhand)butthewifeofthedeaddonorwantsto.v..visitherhusbandshandandhaveachildbyWallington,whofeelswherehisoriginalhandusedtobe(thefourthhand).AudreyNiffenegger–):Americancollegeprofessorwhoteacheswritingtovisualartistsandshowsstudentshowtomakebooksbyhand.Herfirstnovel,TheTimeTraveller’sWife(2003)–filmedin2021–isasciencefictionandromancebestselleraboutamanwhotravelsuncontrollablyintimetohisownhistoryandvisitshiswifeinherchildhood,youthandoldageHiswifeneedstocopewithhisabsencesanddangerouslifewhilehetravels.Thestoryisametaphorfordistanceandmismunicationinfailedrelationships.PaulTordayaBritishbusinessmanwhoworkedforapanythatrepairedship’senginesformanyyears.SalmonFishingintheYemen(2007)washisfirstnovel.ItisapoliticalsatireandedyaboutadullcivilservantwhobeesinvolvedinaplantopopulatethedesertwithScottishsalmon.Politiciansmanagethemediato"spin”thisasaplantheysupportinordertodivertattentionfromproblemsintheMiddleEast.Therearethemesofcynicismandbelief,andEast-Westcultureclashes.AleksandrSolzhenitsyn2021):aRussianwriterwhowasimprisonedinSovietlabourcampsinaftereightyearshewasexiledtoKazakhstanandnotfreeduntil1956,whenhebecameateacherInhewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturebutnotreceiveituntilHewenttoGermany,SwitzerlandandtheUSA,returningtoRussiain1994.Hisbestknownnovelswerebasedonhisexperiencesasaprisonerandinclude:OneDayintheLifeofIvanDenisovich(1962),CancerWard(1968),TheGulagArchipelago(1974–1978).HislaterworkswereaboutRussianhistoryandidentity.GrahamGreeneaBritishnovelist,short-storywriter,playwright,travelwriter.v..andessayistHewroteanumberofthrillershecalledthem‘entertainments’)whichdramatizeanambiguousmoraldilemma,oftenrevealingguilt,treachery,failureandathemeofpursuitGreenewasalsoafilmcriticandallofthesenovelshavebeenmadeintofilms:BrightonRock(1938),ThePowerandtheGlory(1940),TheHeartoftheMatter(1948),heQuietAmericanandOurManinHavanaEMForsteraBritishnovelistandwriterofshortstoriesandessays.HelivedatdifferentperiodsinItalyEgyptandIndiaandtaughtatCambridgeUniversity.HisbestknownnovelsincludeARoomwithaView(1908),Howard’sEnd(1910),APassagetoIndiawhichhaveallbeenmadeintofilms.Hiswritingaboutreadingandwritingincludesabookoflectures,AspectsoftheNovel(1927).ThomasMerton–1968):anAmericanCatholicwriter,whowasaTrappistmonkinKentuckyHewroteover70books,includingmanyessaysaboutBuddhismandathemeetingofEasternandWesternculturesandwrotemanyletterstowriters,poets,scholarsandthinkersHereadalotinEnglish,Latin,FrenchandSpanishandsaidhealwayshadatleastthreebookswhichhewasreadingatanyonetime.WilliamBlake–1827):aBritishpoet,artistandmystic,whoreadwidelyinEnglish,FrenchItalianLatinGreekandHebrew.HemademanyengravingstoillustratetheworkofsuchwritersasVirgilDanteandChauceraswellashisownpoems.Hestressedthatimaginationwasmoreimportantthanrationalismandthematerialismofthe18thcenturyandcriticizedtheeffectsoftheindustrialrevolutioninEnglandbuthisworkwaslargelydisregardedbyhispeers.HeisbestknownforhispoetryinSongsofInnocence(1787)and.v..SongsofExperience(1794).HisbeliefintheonenessofallcreatedthingsisshowninhismuchquotedverseToseetheworldinagrainofsandAndaheaveninaflower,/HoldAndeternityinanhourCliftonFadiman1999):anAmericanwriter,radioandTVbroadcasterandeditorofanthologiesForoveryearshewasaneditorandjudgefortheBook-of-the-MonthClub.In1960hewroteapopularguidetogreatbooksforAmericanreaders,TheLifetimektheeditioninc