2024屆高考英語閱讀理解高頻詞匯超詳細(xì)梳理(醫(yī)學(xué)類)清單

高考英語閱讀理解高頻詞匯超詳細(xì)梳理（醫(yī)學(xué)類）詞匯解析：1.disable(v.)/d?s?e?bl/使...失去能力例句：Theaccidentdisabledhimforlife.(這次事故讓他終身殘疾。)同義詞：impair,cripple反義詞：enable2.transplant(vt./vi./n.)/?tr?nspl?nt/移植(器官/植物)；移居例句：Thedoctorstransplantedanewheartintothepatient.(醫(yī)生給病人移植了一顆新的心臟。)同義詞(v.)：graft搭配：transplantsurgery(移植手術(shù))3.prescribe(vt./vi.)/pr??skra?b/開藥方；規(guī)定，命令例句：Thedoctorprescribedantibioticsfortheinfection.(醫(yī)生開了抗生素來治療感染。)同義詞(vt.)：order,recommend搭配：prescribemedication(開藥)4.diagnose(vt./vi.)/?da??ɡno?z/診斷(疾病)；判斷例句：Thedoctordiagnosedherwithpneumonia.(醫(yī)生診斷她患有肺炎。)同義詞：identify,determine搭配：diagnoseadisease(診斷疾病)5.soothe(v.)/su?e/緩和，使...安靜，安慰例句：Thenursesoothedthecryingchild.(護(hù)士安慰了哭泣的孩子。)同義詞：calm,comfort搭配：soothepain(緩解疼痛)6.alleviate(vt.)/??li?vie?t/減輕，使...緩和例句：Themedicationalleviatedhersymptoms.(藥物減輕了她的癥狀。)同義詞：reduce,relieve搭配：alleviatesuffering(減輕痛苦)7.chronic(adj.)/?kr?n?k/長期的，慢性的，慣常的例句：Hesuffersfromchronicbackpain.(他患有慢性背痛。)同義詞：persistent,long-term反義詞：acute搭配：chronicdisease(慢性病)8.dizzy(adj.)/?d?zi/暈眩的,傻的,(速度)極快的,困惑的例句：Shefeltdizzyandlightheaded.(她感到頭暈?zāi)垦！?同義詞：giddy,lightheaded搭配：feeldizzy(感到頭暈)9.resistant(adj./n.)/r??z?st?nt/抵抗的，反抗的；抵抗者例句：Thebacteriaisresistanttoantibiotics.(這種細(xì)菌對(duì)抗生素有耐藥性。)同義詞：immune,opposed搭配：antibiotic-resistantbacteria(抗生素耐藥細(xì)菌)10.immune(adj./n.)/??mju?n/免疫的；免疫者例句：Sheisimmunetochickenpox.(她對(duì)水痘免疫。)同義詞：resistant,protected搭配：immunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))11.disorder(n./vt.)/d?s???rd?r/雜亂，混亂；擾亂例句：Thepatientsuffersfromasleepdisorder.(病人患有睡眠障礙。)同義詞(n.)：disease,illness搭配：eatingdisorder(飲食失調(diào))12.discomfort(n./vt.)/d?s?k?mf?rt/不便之處，不適；使不適例句：Sheexperiencedsomediscomfortafterthesurgery.(手術(shù)后她感到有些不適。)同義詞(n.)：pain,ache搭配：causediscomfort(造成不適)13.syndrome(n.)/?s?ndr??m/綜合征，綜合癥狀；（不良情況的）典型表現(xiàn)，典型行為例句：Downsyndromeisageneticdisorder.(唐氏綜合癥是一種遺傳疾病。)搭配：chronicfatiguesyndrome(慢性疲勞綜合癥)14.handicap(n./vt.)/?h?ndik?p/障礙賽,障礙;加障礙物，妨礙例句：Hisdisabilityisahandicapinfindingajob.(他的殘疾是他找工作的障礙。)同義詞(n.)：disadvantage,impairment搭配：physicalhandicap(身體障礙)15.strain(n./vt./vi.)/stre?n/張力；拉緊；負(fù)擔(dān)；扭傷；血緣；拉緊；濫用；濾去；竭力例句：Shestrainedamuscleinherback.(她背部肌肉拉傷了。)同義詞(n.)：tension,stress搭配：musclestrain(肌肉拉傷)16.surgeon(n.)/?s??rd??n/外科醫(yī)生例句：Thesurgeonperformedtheoperationsuccessfully.(外科醫(yī)生成功地進(jìn)行了手術(shù)。)搭配：brainsurgeon(腦外科醫(yī)生)17.physician(n.)/f??z??n/內(nèi)科醫(yī)生例句：Sheconsultedaphysicianaboutherheadaches.(她就她的頭痛咨詢了醫(yī)生。)同義詞：doctor搭配：familyphysician(家庭醫(yī)生)18.pregnancy(n.)/?preɡn?nsi/懷孕例句：Sheannouncedherpregnancytoherfamily.(她向家人宣布了她懷孕的消息。)搭配：earlypregnancy(早期妊娠)19.remedy(n./vt.)/?rem?di/藥物，治療法，補(bǔ)救;治療，補(bǔ)救，矯正例句：Thereisnoeasyremedyforthisproblem.(這個(gè)問題沒有簡單的解決辦法。)同義詞(n.)：cure,treatment搭配：homeremedy(家庭療法)20.bacteria(n.)/b?k?t??ri?/細(xì)菌例句：Bacteriacancausemanydiseases.(細(xì)菌可以引起許多疾病。)搭配：harmfulbacteria(有害細(xì)菌)21.stress(n./vt./v.)/stres/緊張，壓力；強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重；負(fù)載例句：Stresscanaffectyourhealth.(壓力會(huì)影響你的健康。)同義詞(n.)：tension,pressure搭配：reducestress(減輕壓力)22.absentminded(adj.)/??bs?nt?ma?nd?d/心不在焉的，茫然的，恍惚的例句：Hewassoabsentmindedthatheforgothiskeys.(他心不在焉，以至于忘記了鑰匙。)同義詞：forgetful,preoccupied23.bandage(n.)/?b?nd?d?/繃帶例句：Thenurseappliedabandagetothewound.(護(hù)士在傷口上敷了繃帶。)搭配：applyabandage(敷繃帶)24.stroke(n./vt./vi.)/stro?k/中風(fēng)；沖程；筆畫；打擊；嘗試；輕撫；撫摸；敲擊；劃尾槳；劃掉；擊球；作尾槳手；敲擊鍵盤例句：Hesufferedastrokelastyear.(他去年中風(fēng)了。)搭配：haveastroke(中風(fēng))25.capsule(n./vt./adj.)/?k?psju?l/莢膜,膠囊,簡縮,太空艙；裝入膠囊，簡縮，概括；精簡的，小巧的例句：Sheswallowedthecapsulewithaglassofwater.(她用一杯水吞下了膠囊。)搭配：vitamincapsule(維生素膠囊)26.pill(n./vt./vi.)/p?l/藥丸，無法逃避的討厭事，屈辱事；服用藥丸，把...制成藥丸，被搶劫；起球粒，成丸狀，階段性完成例句：Hetakesapillforhisheadacheeverymorning.(他每天早上吃一片藥來治療頭痛。)搭配：birthcontrolpill(避孕藥)27.tablet(n.)/?t?bl?t/藥片,匾,片狀物例句：Thedoctorgavehersometabletsforhercough.(醫(yī)生給了她一些藥片治療咳嗽。)同義詞：pill搭配：painrelieftablet(止痛片)28.scar(n./vt./vi.)/skɑ?r/疤痕，傷痕，斷崖；結(jié)疤，使...有傷痕，痊愈例句：Thescaronherarmwasareminderoftheaccident.(她手臂上的傷疤提醒著她那次事故。)搭配：leaveascar(留下傷疤)練習(xí)：一、語法填空。Theoldmanistoo______(weak)tocarrytheheavybox.Thecompanyis______(willing)toofferyouahighersalaryifyouarequalified.She______(wipe)awayhertearsandcontinuedherspeech.He______(win)thefirstprizeintheNationalEnglishSpeechContest.The______(wide)useofcomputershasgreatlychangedourlife.______(with)thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlifeisbecomingmoreandmoreconvenient.Itis______(worthwhile)spendingtimewithyourfamily.I______(wonder)ifyoucouldhelpmewithmyEnglishstudy.We______(warn)thechildrennottoplayneartheriver.Thewasteoffoodisaseriousproblemthatneedstobe______(solve).二、單句改錯(cuò)。HeisveryinterestedinChinesecultureandwishestovisitChinaoneday.Thedoctorprescribedhersomemedicineandtoldhertotakeitthreetimeaday.Iwonderthathewillcometothepartyornot.Sheisaverycarefulperson,sosheseldommakesmistakesinherwork.Withalotofworktodo,hehadnotimetohavearest.三、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子，每空一詞。醫(yī)生診斷他患有肺炎。(diagnose...with)Thedoctor______him______pneumonia.移植手術(shù)很成功。(transplantsurgery)The____________wassuccessful.他因車禍導(dǎo)致殘疾。(disable)Hewas______bythecaraccident.這種藥可以緩解疼痛。(alleviate)Thismedicinecan______pain.由于環(huán)境污染，許多人患有呼吸疾病。(disorder)____________environmentalpollution,manypeoplesufferfromrespiratory______.四、根據(jù)括號(hào)的要求翻譯句子。盡管他很富有，但他并不快樂。(although)我想知道明天是否會(huì)下雨。(wonder)老師經(jīng)常提醒我們上課要認(rèn)真聽講。(remindsb.todosth.)這部電影值得一看。(beworthdoing)由于天氣原因，航班延誤了。(dueto)五、閱讀理解（一）Passage1:AdvancementsinCancerTreatmentCancer,agroupofdiseasescharacterizedbyuncontrolledcellgrowthandspread,remainsamajorpublichealthchallengeworldwide.However,advancementsinmedicalresearchandtechnologyhaveledtosignificantimprovementsincancerdiagnosis,treatment,andprevention.Earlydetectionplaysacrucialroleinsuccessfulcancertreatment.Screeningtests,suchasmammogramsforbreastcancerandcolonoscopiesforcoloncancer,canhelpidentifycanceratanearlystagewhenitismorelikelytobecurable.Diagnosticimagingtechniques,suchasMRIandCTscans,providedetailedimagesofthebody,allowingphysicianstopreciselylocateandassesstumors.Treatmentoptionsforcancervarydependingonthetypeandstageofthedisease.Surgery,radiationtherapy,andchemotherapyarethemostcommonformsoftreatment.Surgeryaimstoremovethetumor,whileradiationtherapyuseshigh-energybeamstokillcancercells.Chemotherapyinvolvestheuseofdrugstokillorslowthegrowthofcancercells.Newertreatments,suchastargetedtherapyandimmunotherapy,offerpromisingresultsforcertaintypesofcancer.Targetedtherapydrugsspecificallytargetthemolecularchangesthatdrivecancergrowth,whileimmunotherapyhelpstoboostthebody'simmunesystemtofightcancercells.Despitetheseadvancements,challengesremain.Cancertreatmentcanbeexpensiveandhavesignificantsideeffects.Additionally,somecancersremaindifficulttotreat.However,ongoingresearchandclinicaltrialsofferhopeforfurtherprogressinthefightagainstcancer.1.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?(A)Thecausesofcancer(B)Thechallengesofcancertreatment(C)Advancementsincancerdiagnosisandtreatment(D)Thehistoryofcancerresearch2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommoncancertreatment?(A)Surgery(B)Chemotherapy(C)Radiationtherapy(D)Acupuncture3.Whatisthegoaloftargetedtherapy?(A)Toboostthebody'simmunesystem(B)Topreventthespreadofcancercells(C)Totargetspecificmolecularchangesincancercells(D)Toreducethesideeffectsofchemotherapy4.Whichwordinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“identify”?(A)Locate(B)Assess(C)Detect(D)Cure5.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthefutureofcancertreatment?(A)Pessimistic(B)Hopeful(C)Uncertain(D)IndifferentPassage2:TheImpactofStressonHealthStress,anaturalresponsetochallengingordemandingsituations,canhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonhealth.Insmalldoses,stresscanbemotivatingandhelpusperformbetterunderpressure.However,chronicstress,orstressthatispersistentandoverwhelming,cantakeatollonbothphysicalandmentalhealth.Physically,chronicstresscanmanifestinavarietyofways.Itcanleadtoheadaches,muscletension,fatigue,anddigestiveproblems.Stresscanalsoweakentheimmunesystem,makingusmoresusceptibletoinfections.Furthermore,chronicstresshasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskofheartdisease,highbloodpressure,andstroke.Mentally,chronicstresscancontributetoanxiety,depression,anddifficultyconcentrating.Itcanalsodisruptsleeppatterns,leadingtoinsomniaandfatigue.Furthermore,stresscanleadtounhealthycopingmechanisms,suchasovereating,smoking,orsubstanceabuse,whichcanfurtherexacerbatehealthproblems.Managingstressisessentialformaintaininggoodhealth.Effectivestressmanagementtechniquesincluderegularexercise,relaxationtechniquessuchasmeditationoryoga,spendingtimeinnature,andconnectingwithlovedones.Ifstressbecomesoverwhelming,seekingprofessionalhelpfromatherapistorcounselorcanbebeneficial.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(A)Toexplainthecausesofstress(B)Todiscusstheeffectsofstressonhealth(C)Topromotestressmanagementtechniques(D)Tocomparedifferenttypesofstress2.Whatisonephysicalsymptomofchronicstress?(A)Increasedcreativity(B)Improvedmemory(C)Enhancedphysicalcoordination(D)Fatigue3.Howcanstressweakentheimmunesystem?(A)Byincreasinginflammation(B)Bycausinghormonalimbalances(C)Bydisruptingsleeppatterns(D)Alloftheabove4.Whatisoneunhealthycopingmechanismforstressmentionedinthepassage?(A)Exercise(B)Meditation(C)Substanceabuse(D)Spendingtimeinnature5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestformanagingstress?(A)Avoidingallstressfulsituations(B)Usingmedicationtosuppressstressresponses(C)Implementinghealthylifestylechangesandstress-reducingtechniques(D)IgnoringstressandhopingitwillgoawayPassage3:UnderstandingMentalHealthDisordersMentalhealthdisorders,suchasanxiety,depression,andbipolardisorder,arecommonandcanaffectpeopleofallages,genders,andbackgrounds.Thesedisorderscanmanifestinavarietyofways,includingchangesinmood,behavior,andthinkingpatterns.Whiletheexactcausesofmentalhealthdisordersarecomplexandofteninvolveacombinationofgenetic,biological,andenvironmentalfactors,thereareeffectivetreatmentsavailable.Onecommonmentalhealthdisorderisanxiety,characterizedbyexcessiveworry,fear,andnervousness.Peoplewithanxietydisordersmayexperiencephysicalsymptomssuchassweating,rapidheartbeat,anddifficultybreathing.Depression,anotherprevalentmentalhealthdisorder,ischaracterizedbypersistentfeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,andlossofinterestinactivitiesonceenjoyed.Bipolardisorderisamooddisordercharacterizedbyextremeshiftsinmood,energy,andactivitylevels.Individualswithbipolardisorderexperienceepisodesofmania,characterizedbyelevatedmoodandenergylevels,andepisodesofdepression.Treatmentformentalhealthdisordersofteninvolvesacombinationoftherapyandmedication.Cognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)helpsindividualsidentifyandmodifynegativethoughtpatternsandbehaviorsthatcontributetotheirsymptoms.Medication,suchasantidepressantsormoodstabilizers,canhelptoregulatebrainchemistryandalleviatesymptoms.Itisimportanttoseekhelpifyouorsomeoneyouknowisstrugglingwithamentalhealthdisorder.Withpropertreatmentandsupport,individualswithmentalhealthdisorderscanleadfulfillingandproductivelives.1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?(A)Todescribethesymptomsofcommonmentalhealthdisorders(B)Toexplainthecausesofmentalhealthdisorders(C)Topromoteawarenessandunderstandingofmentalhealthdisorders(D)Toadvocateforincreasedfundingformentalhealthresearch2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasymptomofanxiety?(A)Excessiveworry(B)Difficultyconcentrating(C)Lossofappetite(D)Rapidheartbeat3.Whatisonecharacteristicofbipolardisorder?(A)Persistentfeelingsofsadness(B)Extremeshiftsinmoodandenergylevels(C)Excessiveworryandfear(D)Socialwithdrawalandisolation4.Whattypeoftherapyiscommonlyusedtotreatmentalhealthdisorders?(A)Physicaltherapy(B)Occupationaltherapy(C)Cognitive-behavioraltherapy(D)Speechtherapy5.Whatistheauthor'smainmessageregardingmentalhealthdisorders?(A)Theyareincurable.(B)Theyareasignofweakness.(C)Theyaretreatablewithprofessionalhelp.(D)Theyareonlyexperiencedbyasmallminorityofpeople.Passage4:TheImportanceofVaccinationVaccinationisoneofthemosteffectivepublichealthinterventionsinhistory,preventingmillionsofdeathsanddisabilitiesworldwide.Vaccinesworkbystimulatingthebody'simmunesystemtorecognizeandfightspecificdiseases.Theytypicallycontainweakenedorinactiveformsofvirusesorbacteria,whichtriggeranimmuneresponsewithoutcausingthefull-blownillness.Childhoodvaccinationprogramshavebeenparticularlysuccessfulincontrollingandeveneradicatingdiseasessuchaspolio,measles,andmumps.Theseprogramshaveledtoasignificantdeclineinchildhoodmortalityandmorbidity.Vaccinesarenotonlyimportantforchildrenbutalsoforadults.Certainvaccines,suchastheinfluenzavaccineandthetetanusbooster,arerecommendedforadultstomaintainimmunityandprotectagainstpotentiallyseriousillnesses.Whilevaccinesaregenerallysafeandeffective,theycancausemildsideeffects,suchassorenessattheinjectionsite,fever,orfatigue.Thesesideeffectsareusuallytemporaryandresolveontheirown.Inrarecases,vaccinescancausemoreseriousadversereactions,butthebenefitsofvaccinationfaroutweightherisks.Despitetheoverwhelmingevidencesupportingthesafetyandefficacyofvaccines,vaccinehesitancyremainsaconcern.Misinformationandmistrustofsciencecanleadsomeindividualstodelayorrefusevaccinationsforthemselvesortheirchildren.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,asitcanleadtooutbreaksofpreventablediseases.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?(A)Thehistoryofvaccination(B)Therisksandbenefitsofvaccination(C)Thesciencebehindhowvaccineswork(D)Thecontroversysurroundingvaccines2.Howdovaccineswork?(A)Bykillingvirusesandbacteria(B)Bystimulatingthebody'simmunesystem(C)Bypreventingthespreadofdisease(D)Bytreatingthesymptomsofdisease3.Whatisonepotentialsideeffectofvaccination?(A)Chronicpain(B)Fever(C)Organdamage(D)Cancer4.atisvaccinehesitancy?(A)Thefearofneedles(B)Thedelayorrefusalofvaccination(C)Thebeliefthatvaccinesareineffective(D)Thehighcostofvaccines5.atistheauthor'sviewonvaccination?(A)Itisunnecessary.(B)Itisdangerous.(C)Itisbeneficial.(D)Itiscontroversial.參考答案：一、語法填空。weak(形容詞修飾名詞，用形容詞)willing(bewillingtodosth.固定搭配)wiped(根據(jù)語境，動(dòng)作已完成，用過去式)won(win的過去式)wide(形容詞修飾名詞，用形容詞)With(with+名詞/代詞+doingsth.伴隨狀語)worthwhile(itisworthwhiletodosth.固定搭配)wonder(wonderif/whether...固定搭配)warned(根據(jù)語境，動(dòng)作已完成，用過去式)solved(needtobedone,need后面接動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式)二、單句改錯(cuò)。wishes→hopes(wish表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，hope表示對(duì)將來的期望)time→times(threetimesaday一天三次)that→whether/if(wonder后面接if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)careful→careless(根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)為“粗心”）With→Withsomuch(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，此處應(yīng)用somuch修飾work)三、根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子，每空一詞。diagnosed,with(diagnosesb.withsth.診斷某人患有...)transplant,surgerydisabled(disablesb.使某人殘疾)alleviate(alleviatepain緩解疼痛)Dueto,respiratory,disorders(dueto由于；respiratory呼吸的；disorder疾病)四、根據(jù)括號(hào)的要求翻譯句子。Althoughheisrich,heisnothappy.Iwonderwhetheritwillraintomorrow.Theteacheroftenremindsustolistencarefullyinclass.Thefilmisworthwatching/seeing.Theflightwasdelayedduetotheweather.五、閱讀理解Passage1:AdvancementsinCancerTreatmentC(原文首段提到：“However,advancementsinmedicalresearchandtechnologyhaveledtosignificantimprovementsincancerdiagnosis,treatment,andprevention.”因此，文章主要關(guān)注癌癥診斷和治療方面的進(jìn)展。)D(原文第三段列舉了癌癥的常見治療方法：“Surgery,radiationtherapy,andchemotherapyarethemostcommonformsoftreatment