定語從句學(xué)案

PAGEPAGE22014屆高三語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案定語從句對名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾和限定作用的叫做定語，譯為“……的”。定語可以由形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語等來擔(dān)任。如果一個句子擔(dān)任定語，這個句子就叫________。而被修飾的詞就叫_______詞。定語從句放在所修飾詞(即先行詞)之_____，由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。定語從句可以修飾_____詞或______詞，還能修飾______________。Eg1.ThemanwhocamefirstisJohn.2.Thehandkerchiefwhichyougavemewasn’tclean.3.Myfatherdoesmorningexerciseeveryday,whichisgoodforhishealth.注意：1.定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作成分。2.定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，限定性定語從句寫時不用逗號分開。非限定性定語從句往往用逗號和主句分開。考點一：關(guān)系代詞的選擇1.指人用who,that,whom(賓格),whose(誰的)指物用which,that,whose(誰的)Eg.⑴Ourmonitorisaboy___________________________________(戴著一副厚厚的眼鏡)。(wear)⑵Ourmonitorisaboy______________________(我們英語老師要他)tostandupjustnow.(ask)總結(jié)：定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作成分。如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作________這個引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。⑶Thehouse_______________(他付了)alargesumofmoneyforlastyearisnowworthtwiceasmuch.(pay)(4)Thehouse________________(他付了)alargesumofmoneylastyearisnowworthtwiceasmuch.(pay)總結(jié)：如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，這個介詞可以放到引導(dǎo)詞________。此時這個引導(dǎo)詞不能省略。常見結(jié)構(gòu)為________________或_________________。(5)Theoldtemple____________________(它的屋頂)wasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.總結(jié)：whose+n.=_______________________=______________________.=________________________=______________________關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法區(qū)別只用that，不用which的情況⑴先行詞為不定代詞，如_______________________________________________________等。Eg.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?Everything______canbedonehasbeendone.Hehasgotall________heneeds.注意：what前無先行詞，譯為“…所”不定代詞+that=what⑵先行詞被_____________________________________________等詞修飾時，只能用that引導(dǎo)。Eg.Theonlything________Icandoistohavearest.Youcanborrowanybook________youwanttoread.⑶先行詞有_______________________________時Eg.Thisisthebestfilm________Ihaveeverseen.Thefirstplace______theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.⑷先行詞__________________________時，只用that。E.g.Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings___________theycouldremember.考點二：關(guān)系副詞的選擇(when,where,why)Thisistheschool_________westudyeveryyear.//Thisistheschool______wevisitedyesterday.Istillremembertheday_________ishisbirthday.//Ineverforgettheday________hedied.Idon’tknowthereason_______hedidn'tcome.//Thereason______hegaveforbeinglateisabsurd.總結(jié)：如果代替先行詞作主語或賓語，定語從句關(guān)系詞用______/______.如果代替先行詞作地點/時間/原因狀語則用________.when=介詞+which；where=介詞+which;why=for+which考點三：as/which1.as與which引導(dǎo)定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容,as位置較靈活可放在句首句中及句末,意為“正如、恰如”。一般as放在句首指代逗號后的整個句子，而which只能放在逗號后指代逗號前的整個內(nèi)容，譯為“這，這個…”Eg.⑴____________(正如我們所知道的)，ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingthismonth.(know)⑵Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingthismonth,______________(這個我們都知道).(know)⑶_________(如往常一樣),Mikewaslateagainandmadeupanexcusetofooltheboss.(case)2.as引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句先行詞常被thesame,such,so修飾，即構(gòu)成：_____________________.考點四：一些特殊詞之后的wherewhere引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。1.I’vecometothepoint___________Ican’tstandhim.Thecountryisinthesituation____________awarwillbreakoutatanytime.總結(jié)：如果定語從句分別修飾_______________________________等表示抽象意義的詞,常用where引導(dǎo),意思是“到了某種地步,在某種境況中”?？键c五：theway用做先行詞1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.總結(jié)：_______________________________________________________.考點六：定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)句子_______來確定，即先行詞為單數(shù)，從句謂語動詞為______數(shù)，先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語動詞為_______數(shù)。1.Iwho____________(be)astudentmuststudyhard.2.T