（湖北專用）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題十七 詞義猜測

專題十七詞義猜測Passage1(湖北,E)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):342Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuildings,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevatorsroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheelevatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,withcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally(水平地),andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical(垂直的)columns.Ifwetendtoignorethesignificanceofelevators,itmightbebecauseridinginthemtendstobesuchabrief,boring,andevenawkwardexperience—onethatcaninvolveunexpectedlymeetingpeoplewithwhomwehavenothingincommon,andanunpleasantawarenessofthefactthatwerehangingfromacableinalongpassage.Inanewbook,Lifted,GermanjournalistandculturalstudiesprofessorAndreasBernarddirectedallhisattentiontothisexperience,studyingtheoriginsofelevatoranditsrelationshiptohumankindandfindingthatridinginanelevatorhasneverbeenatotallycomfortableexperience.“After150years,wearestillnotusedtoit,”Bernardsaid.“Westillhavenotexactlylearnedtocopewiththemixtureofclosenessanddispleasure.”Thatmixture,accordingtoBernard,setstheelevatorrideapartfromjustabouteveryothersituationwefindourselvesinaswegoaboutourlives.Today,astheworldsurbanpopulationexplodes,andcitiesbecomemorecrowded,taller,andmorecrowded,Americastotalnumberofelevators—900,000atlastcount,accordingtoElevatorWorldmagazines“VerticalTransportationIndustry”—areaforcethatsbecomingmoreimportantthanever.Andforthepeoplewhoreally,reallylovethem,itseemslikehightimethatwelookedseriouslyatjustwhatkindofforcetheyare.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A.Theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.B.Thedesireforaremarkablemachine.C.Theparticularinterestsofexperts.D.Thegeneralviewofelevators.2.Theauthorspurposeinmentioningcarsis.

A.toexplainpeoplespreferenceforelevatorsB.torevealtheirsecretwaragainstelevatorsC.toemphasizetheimportanceofelevatorsD.tocontrasttheirfunctionswithelevators3.AccordingtoProf.Bernard,whathasmadetheelevatorridedifferentfromotherlifeexperiences?A.Uncomfortableconditions.B.Littlephysicalspace.C.Lackofexcitement.D.Verticaldirection.4.Theauthorurgesreaderstoconsider.

A.therelationshipbetweencarsandelevatorsB.theroleofelevatorsincitydevelopmentC.theseriousfuturesituationofelevatorsD.theexactnumberofelevatorlovers答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文。題材為科普知識類。文章主要介紹了電梯在城市發(fā)展中所起的巨大作用。1.D2.C3.B4.BPassage2(課標(biāo)Ⅰ,B)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):298Passengerpigeons(旅鴿)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericansneedforwood,whichscattered(驅(qū)散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.1.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons.

A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons.

A.escape B.ruinC.liberation D.evolution3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure. B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney. D.Toprotectcrops.4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic. B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair. D.Itwasstrict.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為環(huán)境與自然類。曾幾何時在美國蔚藍(lán)的天空飛翔著一種鳥,這種鳥可能是當(dāng)時美國數(shù)量最多的鳥類——旅鴿。但是慢慢地這種鳥的數(shù)量急劇減少,人們幾乎看不到它們了。發(fā)生了什么事?這些鳥去哪兒了呢?1.D2.B3.C4.BPassage3(課標(biāo)Ⅱ,C)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):276Oneofthelatesttrends(趨勢)inAmericanchildcareisChineseaupairs.AuPairinStamford,Conn.,forexample,hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestsforChineseaupairsfromzerotoaround4,000since.Andthatstrueallacrossthecountry.“IthoughtitwouldbeveryusefulforhimtolearnChineseatanearlyage,”JosephStocke,themanagingdirectorofacompany,saysofhis2-year-oldson.“Iwouldatleastliketogivehimthechancetousethelanguageinthefuture.”Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredforbya25-year-oldwomanfromChina,theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicChinesedailyexpressions,hisdadsays.LiDrake,aChinesenativeraisingtwochildreninMinnesotawithanAmericanhusband,hadanotherreasonforlookingforanaupairfromChina:Shedidntwantherchildrentomissoutontheirroots.“BecauseIamChinese,myhusbandandIwantedthechildrentokeepexposedto(接觸)thelanguageandculture,”shesays.“Stayingwithanativespeakerisbetterforchildrenthansimplysittinginaclassroom,”saysSuzanneFlynn,aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.“Butparentsmustunderstandthatjustoneyearwithanaupairisunlikelytoproducewonders.Completemasterydemandscontinuedlearninguntiltheageof10or12.”ThepopularityofaupairsfromChinahasbeenstrengthenedbytheincreasingnumbersofAmericanparentswhowanttheirchildrentolearnChinese.ItisexpectedthatAmericandemandforaupairswillcontinuetoriseinthenextfewyears.1.Whatdoestheterm“aupair”inthetextmean?A.Amotherraisingherchildrenonherown.B.Achildlearningaforeignlanguageathome.C.Aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.D.Ayoungforeignwomantakingcareofchildren.2.LiDrakehasherchildrenstudyChinesebecauseshewantsthem.

A.toliveinChinasomedayB.tospeakthelanguageathomeC.tocatchupwithotherchildrenD.tolearnabouttheChineseculture3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.LearningChineseisbecomingpopularinAmerica.B.Educatedwomendobetterinlookingafterchildren.C.ChineseaupairsneedtoimprovetheirEnglishskills.D.Childrencanlearnaforeignlanguagewellinsixmonths.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材是社會文化類。在美國開始盛行雇用中國換工互惠生來照看孩子,因為越來越多的父母希望孩子可以盡早學(xué)習(xí)漢語。1.D2.D3.APassage4(北京,D)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):351StoreScent(香味)Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayed(展示)attheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticedthesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashopsscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovingtobeanincreasinglypowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customersintentiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinParis,scentisjustasimportanttoabrandssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistantsdisprovingattitudeanddont-touch-what-you-cant-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores(實體店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut(椰子)scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestoreswindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstores?A.Friendlyassistants. B.Uniquescents.C.Softbackgroundmusic. D.Attractivewindowdisplay.2.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto.

A.showtheadvantagesofbricks-and-mortarstoresB.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitudeC.pushstorestousesightsandsoundsD.introducetheriseofe-commerce3.Theunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means.

A.aplatformthatexhibitsgoodsB.aspotwheretravelersliketostayC.aplacewherecustomerslovetogoD.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.compareandevaluate B.examineandassessC.argueanddiscuss D.informandexplain答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為社會文化。文章告訴我們商店都是有它們獨特的氣味的,這種氣味可以讓顧客更加喜歡在商店購物。1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage5(湖南,C)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):328Thebehaviourofabuildingsusersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissions(排放)by80percentby2050,partofwhichwillbeachievedbyallnewhomesbeingzero-carbonby.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown—thoughextremelyimportant—isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率),whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.“Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,”explainsKatyJanda,aUKERCseniorresearcher,“consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.”Inotherwords,oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home.Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbill-payersdonthavetheknowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergy-usehabits.Withoutspecificinformation,itshardtoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.Feedback(反饋)facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors,couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension(方面),suggestingthatindividualsbehaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted—whetherpeoplethrowopentheirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat(恒溫器),forexample.Jandaarguesthateducationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammetoteachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheirownbehaviourinthem.1.Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof.

A.zero-carbonhomesB.thebehaviourofbuildingusersC.sustainablebuildingdesignD.thereductionofcarbonemissions2.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“”.

A.theways B.theirhomesC.developments D.existingefforts3.WhatareKatyJandaswordsmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusershabits.B.Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.C.Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.D.Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.4.Theinformationgapinenergyuse.

A.canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilitiesB.affectsthestudyonenergymonitorsC.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmetersD.willbecausedbybuildingusersoldhabits5.Whatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest?A.Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.B.Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.C.Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.D.Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為社會生活類?，F(xiàn)在人們提倡減少碳排放,我們以節(jié)能為核心來關(guān)注樓房設(shè)計的同時,也不能忽視人們是如何使用樓房的。1.B2.D3.A4.A5.CPassage6(福建,B)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):409WaltDisneyiscreditedforcreatingsuchwonderfulthingsasDonaldDuckandMickeyMouse.However,hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell-lovedcharacters,suchasCinderellaandSnowWhite.TheyarealmostautomaticallyassociatedwithDisneybecauseDisneyturnedoldfables(寓言)intocartoonmovies.TheoriginalCinderellavariesverymuchfromtheDisneyversionweknowtoday.Itstartedoffwiththegirlmourninghermothersdeathandgoingtohertombthreetimesaday.Inaddition,therewereonlybirdsthathelpedCinderella;therewasnosuchthingasafairygodmotherorhelpfulmice,norwastherementionofahorseandcarriage.Thestepsisterswerecruel:theyalwaysthrewCinderellasfoodintotheashesofthefire,andmadehersleepontheashesonthefloor,hence(因此)hername.Intheoriginalstory,thekingsballactuallylastedforthreedays.Withthehelpofthebirds,thegirl,beautifullydressed,dancedwiththeprinceonallthreenightsandtheprincefellinlovewithher.However,shebrokeawayfromhimtorushbackhomeeachnight.Onthelastnight,theprinceplacedsomethingstickyonthestairs;asCinderellamadeherescape,ashoegotstuckonit.Herenowiswherethestorybecomesunpleasant:whentheprincewenttothehouselookingforthegirlwhosefootfittheshoe,thewicked(邪惡的)stepmothertoldoneofhertwodaughterstocutoffherbigtoetofitintotheshoe.Thedaughterdidastold.Sotheprincetookherawaytobehisbride.But,whentheypassedthetombofCinderellasmother,thebirdscalledouttotheprince,“Turnandpeep,theresbloodwithintheshoe;Theshoeistoosmall,thetruebridewaitsforyou.”Realizinghehadbeentricked,theprincereturnedthedaughtertohermother;theotherthenhadtocutoffpartofherheelinordertofitintotheshoe,withthesameresult.OnlyCinderellasfootfitperfectlyandsotheprincechosetomarryher.Thestoryendswiththeweddingday:asCinderellastwostepsistersfollowedher,pretendingtobedevotedtohersothattheycouldenjoythekingsriches,twobirdsflewbyandplucked(啄)outtheireyes.Becauseoftheirwickednessandfalsehood,theyhadtospendtherestoftheirdaysblind.TheoriginalCinderellaissodifferentfromtheDisneyversion.ThankgoodnessDisneymadesuchchanges;itindeedwasawisemove.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Suchwonderfulthings. B.Otherwell-lovedcharacters.C.Oldfables. D.Cartoonmovies.2.HowdidCinderellagethername?A.Thebirdscameupwithit.B.ItwasgivenbyDisney.C.Itcamefromtheword“ash”.D.Shegotitfromhermother.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheoriginalstory?A.HelpfulmicegotCinderellaabeautifuldress.B.Theballwasheldtocelebratetheprinceswedding.C.Cinderellalefthershoeonthestairsonpurpose.D.Thebirdstoldtheprincethathehadbeencheated.4.Themoraloftheoriginalstoryisthat.

A.awickedpersoncannotescapepunishmentB.adevotedpersoncertainlydeservesrespectC.awell-behavedchildearnsagreatrewardD.adishonestchildcannotgetmotherlove5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheDisneyversion?A.Excellent. B.Ordinary.C.Dull. D.Ridiculous.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為文學(xué)類,介紹了《灰姑娘》的由來。1.B2.C3.D4.A5.APassage7(廣東,B)體裁:夾敘夾議詞數(shù):342Itwasacoldwinterday.AwomandroveuptotheRainbowBridgetollbooth(收費站).“Impayingformyself,andforthesixcarsbehindme,”shesaidwithasmile,handingoverseventickets.Oneafteranother,thenextsixdriversarrivingatthetollboothwereinformed,“Someladyupaheadalreadypaidyourfare.”Itturnedoutthatthewoman,NatalieSmith,hadreadsomethingonafriendsrefrigerator:“Practicerandomkindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty.”Thephraseimpressedhersomuchthatshecopieditdown.JudyForemanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays,shegaveupanddroveallthewaybacktocopyitdown.“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful,”shesaid,explainingwhyshedtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters,“l(fā)ikeamessagefromabove.”Herhusband,Frank,likedthephrasesomuchthatheputitupontheclassroomwallforhisstudents,oneofwhomwasthedaughterofAliceJohnson,alocalnewsreporter.Aliceputitinthenewspaper,admittingthatthoughshelikedit,shedidntknowwhereitcamefromorwhatitreallymeant.Twodayslater,AlicegotacallfromAnneHerbert,awomanlivinginMarin.ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper,afterturningitaroundinhermindfordays.“Herestheidea,”Annesays.“Anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof,doitrandomly.”Herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofshabbyschools,leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown,andgivingmoneysecretlytoaproudoldlady.Annesays,“Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolencecan.”

Theactsofrandomkindnessspread.Ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid,whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater.Likeallgreatevents,kindnessbeginsslowly,witheverysingleact.Letitbeyours!1.WhydidNatalieSmithpayforthesixcarsbehindher?A.Sheknewthecardriverswell.B.Shewantedtoshowkindness.C.Shehopedtopleaseothers.D.Shehadseventickets.2.JudyForemancopieddownthephrasebecauseshe.

A.thoughtitwasbeautifullywrittenB.wantedtoknowwhatitreallymeantC.decidedtowriteitonawarehousewallD.wantedherhusbandtoputitupintheclassroom3.Whocameupwiththephraseaccordingtothepassage?A.JudyForeman. B.NatalieSmith.C.AliceJohnson. D.AnneHerbert.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceabove?A.Kindnessandviolencecanchangetheworld.B.Kindnessandviolencecanaffectonesbehavior.C.Kindnessandviolencecanreproducethemselves.D.Kindnessandviolencecanshapeonescharacter.5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstothoseinneed.B.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytoofferittoothers.C.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstostrangerstheymeet.D.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytopayitbacktothegiver.答案[語篇解讀]本文是夾敘夾議文,題材為生活哲理類。文章講述一位婦女曾在朋友的冰箱上看到一句俗語,從而有感而發(fā)。她在收費站為素不相識的其他六名司機(jī)支付費用,這個故事告訴我們,勿以善小而不為。1.B2.A3.D4.C5.BPassage8(江西,D)體裁:議論文詞數(shù):422Everyonelooksforwardtoprogress,whetherinonespersonallifeorinthegeneralsociety.Progressindicatesapersonsabilitytochangethewayheislivingatthemoment.Progressmustleadtoabetterlifeandabetterwayofdoingthings.Allthese,however,remaintrueonlyinsofaraspeoplewanttoaccepttechnologyandmoveforwardbyfindingnewandmoreefficientwaysofdoingthings.However,atthebackofthemindsofmanypeople,especiallythosewhomissthe“goodolddays”,efficiencycomeswithaprice.Whencommunicationbecomesmoreefficient,peopleareabletocontactoneanothernomatterwheretheyareandatwhatevertimetheywishto.Theclickofabuttonallowspeoplemilesaparttotalkorseeeachotherwithoutevenleavingtheirhomes.Withthecommunicationgadgets,suchasmobilephonesandiPads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.Apersonalvisitcarrieswithittheadditionalfeatureofhavingtobeinthepersonspresenceforaslongasthevisitlasts.Wecannotunnecessarilyexcuseourselvesorturntheotherpersonoff.

Withefficiencyalsocomesmassproduction.Suchisthenatureoffactoriesandthesuccessofindustrializationtoday.Factorieshaveimprovedefficiency.Unskillfultasksarelefttomachinesandproductsarebettermadeandproducedwithgreateraccuracythananyhumanhandcouldeverhavedone.However,withtheimprovementsinefficiencyalsocomesthelossofthepersonaltouchwhenmakingtheseproducts.Forexample,manyhandicrafts(手工藝品)arenowproducedinafactory.Althoughthismeansthatsupplyisbetterabletoincreasedemand,nowthatthesupplyisquickandefficient,thedemandmightfallbecausemassproductionlowersthequalityofthehandicraftanditisdifficulttofinduniquedesignsoneachitem.Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.Infact,progresshasallowedtraditiontokeepup.Itisonlywithprogressandtheinventionofnewtechnologythatmanyoldproductscanbebroughtbacktotheiroldstate.Newtechnologyisrequiredforoldproductstostayold.Itispeoplesattitudetowardsprogressthatcausesthetypeofinfluencethattechnologyhasonsociety.Technologyisflexible.Thereisnofixedwayofmakinguseofit.Everythingdependsonpeoplesattitude.Theworsteffectsofprogresswillfallonthosewhoareunabletorethinktheirattitudesandviewsofsociety.Whenweacceptprogressandadaptittosuitourneeds,anew“past”iscreated.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,progresscanbenefitpeoplewhentheyarewillingto.

A.liveabetterlifeB.lookforbettermethodsC.changewaysoflivingD.accepttechnologyandadvancesteadily2.Theunderlinedword“gadgets”isclosestinmeaningto.

A.tools B.messages C.barriers D.skills3.Theauthorexplains“efficiencycomeswithaprice”by.

A.describingaprocessB.usingexamplesC.followingtimeorderD.makingclassification4.Comparedwithhome-madehandicrafts,machine-madeproducts.

A.lackgreataccuracy B.lackthepersonaltouchC.areofhighvalue D.arequitewelcome5.WhatcanbelearnedabouttechnologyfromParagraph4?A.Itcandestroyoldtraditions.B.Itcanleadtosocialprogress.C.Itcanbeusedtocorrectmistakes.D.Itcanbeusedtopreserveoldproducts.6.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Progresscansuittheneedsofdailylife.B.Peoplereviewthepastwithgreatregret.C.Technologyshouldbeintroducedinafixedway.D.Peoplesattitudedecidestheuseoftechnology.答案[語篇解讀]本文為議論文,題材為社會生活類。眾所周知,人類在追求進(jìn)步,每個人都向往進(jìn)步。人們通過找到更新的、更有效的做事方式來接受日新月異的科技,然后穩(wěn)步前進(jìn),這樣才能擁有更美好的生活。然而,我們應(yīng)該從不同角度看待所謂的有效性。人們對進(jìn)步所持的態(tài)度直接決定了科技的利用效果。1.D2.A3.B4.B5.D6.DPassage9(四川,D)體裁:說明文詞數(shù):237Witharound100studentsscheduledtobeinthat9amMondaymorninglecture,itisnosurprisethatalmost20peopleactuallymakeittotheclassandonly10ofthemarestillawakeafterthefirst15minutes;itisnotevenasurprisethatmostofthemarestillintheirpyjamas(睡衣).Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.Allhumanbeingspossessabodyclock.Alongwithotheralerting(警報)systems,thisgovernsthesleep/wakecycleandisthereforeoneofthemainprocesseswhichgovernsleepbehaviour.Typically,thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayedinadolescents,whichleadstomanystudentsnotfeelingsleepyuntilmuchlaterintheevenings.Thistypicalsleeppatternisusuallyreferredtoasthe“nightowl”scheduleofsleep.Thisisopposedtothe“earlybird”schedule,andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.Suchapersonhasgreatdifficultyinwakingupinthemornings.Researchsuggeststhatnightowlsfeelmostalertandfunctionbestintheeveningsandatnight.Researchfindingshaveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedas“nightowls”andonly10percentcanbeclassifiedas“earlybirds”—theother70percentareinthemiddle.Althoughthisisclearlynottrueforallstudents,fortheoneswhoaretruenightowlsthisgivesthemanexcellentexcuseformissingtheirlectureswhichunfortunatelyfallbeforemidday.1.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph1?A.Manystudentsareabsentfromclass.B.StudentsareverytiredonMondaymornings.C.Studentsdonotadjusttheirsleeppatternswell.D.StudentsarenotwellpreparedforclassonMondays.2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Moststudentsprefertogetuplateinthemorning.B.Studentsdontsleepwellbecauseofalertingsystems.C.Onesbodyclockgovernsthesleep/wakecycleindependently.D.Adolescentsdelayedsleep/wakecycleisntthepreferredpattern.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“classified”?A.Criticised. B.Grouped. C.Organised. D.Named.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Functionsofthebodyclock.B.The“nightowl”phenomenon.C.Humanbeingssleepbehaviour.D.Theschoolscheduleof“earlybirds”.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,題材為科普知識類。每個人的體內(nèi)都有一個生物鐘,有的人習(xí)慣了熬夜,但是他們早上醒來是一件很困難的事情,這叫“夜貓子”型。有的人習(xí)慣早睡早起,這叫“早起鳥”型。也有的人屬于中間類型。那么你屬于哪個類型呢?1.C2.D3.B4.BPassage10(安徽,D)體裁:議論文詞數(shù):267Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons—forexample,economic(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)reasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyown