初高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基本復(fù)習(xí)(三)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

初高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基本復(fù)習(xí)(三)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)四、動(dòng)詞1、動(dòng)詞的分類：類別意義例句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞含有實(shí)在的意義,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),在句子中能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。可分為及物動(dòng)詞vt，其后接賓語(yǔ)和不及物動(dòng)詞vi，不接賓語(yǔ)。Shehassomebananas.她吃些香蕉。Theyeatalotofpotatoes.他們常吃土豆。I’mreadinganEnglishbooknow.我現(xiàn)在正看一本英文書(shū)。連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。Hisfatherisateacher.他父親是教師。Twinsusuallylookthesame.雙胞胎通常看起來(lái)一樣。Theteacherbecameveryangry.老師變得很生氣。助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表示否定、疑問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)或其它語(yǔ)法形式,助動(dòng)詞自身有人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.他不說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。Doyouhaveabrother?你有兄弟嗎？Weareplayingbasketball.我們?cè)诖蚧@球。(be也可作助動(dòng)詞)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義,不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式。Youcankeepthebooksfortwoweeks.這些書(shū)你可以借兩個(gè)星期。MayIsmokehere?我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？Wemustgonow.我們現(xiàn)在得走了。2、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作now,atthismoment過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作atthistimeyesterday,at4p.m.yesterday現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示說(shuō)話之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)for,since,sofar=uptonow(到目前為止),already,never,yet,inthepast/lastfewyears(在過(guò)去的幾年里)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”；表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)bytheendof+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一、完成下列表格練習(xí)：一、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1、Whensheisintrouble,sheoften(ask)herteacherforadvice.2、He(go)abroadlastmonth.3、Thechild(notwatch)TVathomenow.4、It(rain)forawholemonth.5、I(go)withyouifIhavetime.6、He(listen)totheradiowhenIcamein.7、Ididn'tmeethim.He(leave)whenIgotthere.8、Heishungry.He(noteat)anythingforthreedays.9、English(speak)inmanycountries.10、Myhometown(liberate)in1949.11、Theplay(put)onnextSunday.12、Hetoldusthatthesportsmeeting(put)offtillnextSunday.13、Anewteachingbuilding(build)nowinourschool.14、Shesaidthatthebicycle(repair)byherfather.15、Anewschool(build)inourvillage.16、Shetoldmethatthebicycle(repair)byherfather.二、翻譯下列句子A.請(qǐng)用不同的時(shí)態(tài)翻譯下列句子：1、上周日他一整天都在研究那只小鳥(niǎo)。___________________________________________________________________2、格林先生正在寫(xiě)另外一部小說(shuō)。_____________________________________________________________________3、經(jīng)常有人聽(tīng)到她唱歌。______________________________________________________________________________4、至今，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了1600個(gè)單詞。_____________________________________________________________________5、我們將在下星期完成這項(xiàng)工程。_______________________________________________________________________6、我們從未想過(guò)他會(huì)這么快完成這幅畫(huà)。________________________________________________________________7、他說(shuō)他之前已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。______________________________________________________________________8、瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)割傷了手指。________________________________________________________________________B.請(qǐng)將上列句子轉(zhuǎn)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.________________________________________________________________________________________2.____________________________________________________________________________________3.________________________________________________________________________________________4._______________________________________________________________________________________5.________________________________________________________________________________________6._______________________________________________________________________________________7.________________________________________________________________________________________8._______________________________________________________________________________________tips:怎樣把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?步驟：1.先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；2.再找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)；3.把賓語(yǔ)用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)；4.注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.Hehaswrittentwoletters.→Twolettershavebeenwrittenbyhim.3.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.三、短文填空（涉及8種時(shí)態(tài)）I1________(have)aletterfrommysisteryesterday.ShelivesinNigeria.She2_________(be)thereforthreeyears.Inherletter,shesaidthatshe3____________(come)toEnglandnextyear.Shealsosaidthatshewasstill4___________(learn)theFrenchlanguage.Ifshecomes,she5____(get)asurprise.We6__________(be)nowlivinginabeautifulnewhouseinthecountry.Workonit7__________(begin)beforemysisterleft.Thehouse8__________(complete)fivemonthsago.Inmyletter,Itoldherthatshe9____________(can)staywithus.Thehousehasmanylargeroomsandthere10_______(be)alovelygarden.Itisaverymodernhouse,soit11__________(loo