2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第27講閱讀理解記敘文（核心考點(diǎn)）（原卷版）

第27講閱讀理解記敘文（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.三年真題記敘文考點(diǎn)細(xì)目表時(shí)間卷次主題語(yǔ)境字?jǐn)?shù)題型分類(lèi)2023年新高考I卷人與自然：生態(tài)機(jī)器凈化污水340+1342個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會(huì)：UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目幫助學(xué)生通過(guò)體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活。273+1261個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題全國(guó)甲卷人與自然：DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能277+1372個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)：風(fēng)景攝影師312+1471個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題3個(gè)推理判斷題北京卷人與自我：作者職業(yè)成功的經(jīng)歷385+1151個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題3個(gè)推理判斷題浙江卷人與自我：作者如何在家庭中過(guò)零浪費(fèi)的生活方式350+1572個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題天津卷2022年新高考I卷///新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會(huì)：孫子把兒童讀物當(dāng)成平板電腦326+1303個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題全國(guó)甲卷人與社會(huì)：GinniBalinton往南極洲的旅程305+1182個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題全國(guó)乙卷///北京卷人與社會(huì)：參加保護(hù)自然活動(dòng)治愈好了焦慮348+1243個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題浙江卷人與自我：工作讓作者接受真實(shí)世界的多樣性人與自我：Merebeth從事的新工作.329+992）352+1101.）1個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題2）2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題天津卷人與自我：獲得自尊就要首先學(xué)會(huì)接受自己本來(lái)的面目410+1872個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題2021年新高考I卷人與自我：鋼琴演奏者做翻頁(yè)師324+1063個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題新高考=2\*ROMANII卷人與社會(huì)：照顧兩只老虎幼崽人與社會(huì)：獎(jiǎng)金幫助別人317+120272+1151）2個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題2）2個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)主旨大意題全國(guó)甲卷人與自我：適應(yīng)倫敦新生活334+1393個(gè)推理判斷題1個(gè)詞義猜測(cè)題全國(guó)乙卷///北京卷人與自我：第一印象不總是可信379+1553個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題。浙江卷6月卷人與自我：LeslieNielsen的演藝生涯人與自我：拍攝自己的旅行279+116314+1302個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)推理判斷題；2個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題1個(gè)主旨大意題浙江卷1月卷人與社會(huì)：走失孩子長(zhǎng)大之后找回家人347+1253個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題天津卷（第一次）天津卷（第二次）人與自我：愛(ài)寫(xiě)作并制定計(jì)劃一直堅(jiān)持下來(lái)380+2263個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題2個(gè)推理判斷題2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】縱觀近三年高考試卷，通常一套卷有一篇記敘文，個(gè)別試卷選用兩篇記敘文。所選的記敘文多以第一人稱(chēng)或第三人稱(chēng)為主，講述一個(gè)短小精悍、有教育意義的故事，有時(shí)也會(huì)選用生活中的軼聞趣事。所講述的故事題材豐富多樣、富有生活氣息，多按時(shí)間順序敘述，偶爾也會(huì)有倒敘或插敘的情形。從語(yǔ)言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)上看，英語(yǔ)記敘文以描寫(xiě)敘述為主，主要描寫(xiě)人物、事件、地點(diǎn)或過(guò)程。其特點(diǎn)是：主題往往隱藏在字里行間，沒(méi)有直接地表達(dá)出來(lái)；文章主旨要通過(guò)人物、事件來(lái)進(jìn)行提煉；文章大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來(lái)展開(kāi)。閱讀記敘文應(yīng)采取略讀和掃讀的方法，快速抓住文中描寫(xiě)的主要內(nèi)容，從整體上把握文章的連貫性，進(jìn)而大體上揣測(cè)出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及文章的情感主線(xiàn)。從命題上看，記敘文閱讀理解以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，以觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、寫(xiě)作意圖題、詞義猜測(cè)題和代詞指代題為輔，難度總體上屬于中等程度。記敘文閱讀理解題要求考生能理清記敘的順序與所講故事的情節(jié)，能準(zhǔn)確把握人物的情感態(tài)度和作者的寫(xiě)作目的?！緜淇疾呗浴吭谧鲩喿x理解題時(shí)，首先要通讀全文，弄清六要素和記敘的順序，特別要注意文章中提到的多個(gè)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和人物，理清事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果；然后閱讀題干，在文章中查找相關(guān)的信息；最后根據(jù)查找到的相關(guān)信息作出正確的選擇。如果文中所涉及的人物較多，還要弄清人物之間的關(guān)系。一般故事性記敘文，通讀全文，了解故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局；寓言哲理類(lèi)記敘文，要理解故事所蘊(yùn)含的哲理意義，尤其關(guān)注故事結(jié)尾的升華；逸聞趣事，人物傳記類(lèi)記敘文，要體會(huì)對(duì)話(huà)的風(fēng)格，感受故事的精髓?！久}預(yù)測(cè)】從近三年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，預(yù)測(cè)2024年高考記敘文閱讀理解試題難度會(huì)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，但會(huì)繼續(xù)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題主旨大意題和詞義猜測(cè)題等題型?？键c(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過(guò)程、論述等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的。有些問(wèn)題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。常見(jiàn)的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題；2.以Accordingto…開(kāi)頭提問(wèn)方式；3.少數(shù)試題以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.eq\a\vs4\al([正確選項(xiàng)特征])1．同義替換。替換關(guān)鍵詞，如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork；變換詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變語(yǔ)態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2．信息歸納。用精練的語(yǔ)言來(lái)概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。3．正話(huà)反說(shuō)。把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。eq\a\vs4\al([干擾選項(xiàng)特征])1．張冠李戴。是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。2．無(wú)中生有。符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。3．曲解文義。與原文極其相似，在細(xì)節(jié)處有變動(dòng)。4．顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至相反。5．正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。一、直接信息題【2023年北京卷】Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振動(dòng))inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.A.criticisethereviewprocess B.staylongerintheSaharaDesertC.applytotheoriginalprojectagain D.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork（2023·河南·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Asachild,IneverconsideredmyselfanathleteatallasIwasveryuncoordinated(不協(xié)調(diào)的).However,IdidlovetorunbecauseIfeltasifIwereflying.ButthisallchangedtwoyearsagowhenIsufferedakneeinjury.Iwasbedridden(臥床不起的)fortwoweeksandIhadadifficulttimemovingevenshortdistances.Iliterallycriedmyselfonmywaytothecarforafewdays.Whentherapywasn’tworkingwellforme,Isignedupforahotyogaclassforgirls,BikramYoga,tobeexact.Startingayogapracticewastrulyagodsend(天賜之物)becauseithelpedmegainstrengthinmykneesbut,mostimportantly,yogahelpedmeattainamorepeacefulstateofmind,bodyandspirit.Sinceeachclasswasheatedto105℉,everytimeIsteppedfootintheyogastudio,I’dfeelasurgeofnegativethoughtseuponmelikeabigoceanwave.Someofthesethoughtswere,atthebeginningofmypractice,sostrongthatIwalkedoutoftheclassseveraltimes.However,asthemonthspassedby,InoticedthatwhenIwasn’tdisturbedbymynegativethoughts,Icouldstayinthehotroomforlonger.After34monthsofpracticinghotyoga,Imadesomeprogress.IalsowokeupwithsomuchmoreenergythanIhadbeforestartingmyyogapracticeandIgraduallystartedlosingweightfrommybody.YogaliterallymademefeelasifI’dtakenabottleofenergydrinkandjustgavemetheburstthathelpedmykneehealandmademyoverallhealthbetter.AsIsawsomeofmyclassmatesdoposesthatlookedappealingtome,IstartedtothinkmaybeIcoulddothemtoo.Therefore,yogahelpedshowmethatIhadnoreallimitationsphysicallyunlessIsetthoselimitationsmyselfthrougheatingjunkfoodandthinkinginnegativelimitingterms.Also,practicingyogainfrontofamirrorhelpedmehavemoreconfidenceandpracticingwithagroupofpeoplereallyhelpedmetofeelagreatersenseofconnectionwithhumanity(人道).Overall,thisyogapracticehashelpedmetoseeI’mpartofabiggerpictureinlife!21．Whydidtheauthordecidetoattendayogaclass?A．Herinjurywasn’tsoserious. B．Thetreatmentwasoflittleuse.C．Sheattemptedtohaveacharmingfigure. D．Herparentsaskedhertohaveatrythere.24．Whatinspiredtheauthortothinkshecoulddowellinyoga?A．Shehadpletelyrecoveredfromherkneeinjury.B．Shewashelpedbyhertrainerwithmuchpatience.C．Shewasattractedbyherclassmates’yogaposes.D．Shefullyunderstoodthetheoryofyoga.二、間接信息題1.【2023年全國(guó)甲卷B篇片段】Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)estoanend.Sheadds:“I’vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it’sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidanychargeswhenI’vemovedout.”26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore. B.Byfurnishingitherself.C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate. D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.2.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷·B片段)OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazylookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute（路線(xiàn)）soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgeeinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.26.WhatcanweinferfromtheauthortripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.1.（2023·福建廈門(mén)·統(tǒng)考三模）Dressedinashinymetallicsuit,KatiaKrafft’ssmallframeisovershadowedbytheredcurtainofmoltenrockthatburstsfromthegroundbeforeher.Thedramaticmomentwascaptured(捕捉)inaphototakenatopIceland’sKraflavolcanoin1984,duringthefinalbreathingofamultiyearlongeruption.Lookingattheimage,onecanalmostfeelthevolcano’sheat,hearitsroar,andsenseKrafft’sheartpoundingasthevolcanologistdoeswhatshelovesmost:bearingwitnesstoourplanet’sstronganger.KatiaKrafftwasafearlesspioneerinvolcanology,studyingtheexplosivepeaksatatimewhentherewerefewwomeninthefield.ShewasbornintheRhinevalleyofnortheastFrancein1942,curingtheheightofWorldWarII.ThechaotichumanworlddrovebothKatiaandherhusband,MauriceKrafft,alsoavolcanologist,toseekfortinnature.Themomentavolcanoexploded,theydroppedeverythingtoanalyzeandcapturethebeautyandmysteryofeachevent.TheKrafftsusedtheirvideosofexplosiveeruptionstoexplaintheplexrisksanduncertaintiesofthesedisasters.Itchangedtheabilitytomunicatevolcanoscience.TheirvideosarecreditedasoneoftheprimaryreasonsthatofficialsinthePhilippinestookthewarningsignsofMountPinatubo’seruptionin1991seriously.YettheKraffsdidn’tlivetoseethateruption.ThecouplediedlessthantwoweeksearlierinJapanduringamonstrouseruption,whichclaimed41otherlives.Katia’simpactonvolcanologyhasreachedfarbeyondherdeathandhasencouragedmanyyoungwomentostudyourrestlessplanet.“KatiaKrafftisdefinitelythereasonwhyI’mdoingthisjob,”saysCarlaTiraboschi,apostdoctoralresearcherattheUniversityofMinster,Germany.TiraboschifirstsawKatiainadocumentarywhenshewasjustsixorsevenyearsoldandhasbeencrazyaboutvolcanoeseversince.Shenowstudiestheprocessesatworkdeepbelowthevolcanicpeaks.2．Whatcanweknowaboutthevideosofexplosiveeruptions?A．Theypreventedanaturaldisaster. B．TheyservedasawarninginJapan.C．Theyhelpedspreadvolcanoscience. D．TheycoveredMountPinatubo’seruption.3．HowdidKatiainfluenceCarlaTiraboschi?A．Katia’sdeathmadeherrestless. B．Katiahelpedherwithherresearch.C．Katia’sdeedsinspiredhercareerchoice. D．Katiataughthertomakeadocumentary.2.（2023·陜西寶雞·統(tǒng)考二模）WhenIwasyounger,Ihadbeenatopstudentwithastrongdesiretoattendatopuniversity.Butthingsstartedtogodownhillformeinhighschoolaftermyparentsdivorced.Tornbetweenwantingtobewithmymother,whomovedtoCanadaalonewithnosupport,andwithmybelovedaginggrandfatherinPakistan,Imovedbackandforth,strugglingwithmystudies.Ibarelygraduatedfromhighschoolandenteredanordinarycollege,feelingthatIhadalreadyfailed.Igotdiscouraged,andbegantosufferfromseveredepression.Thedeathofmygrandfatherwasthefinalstraw.Withnorealhopeforthefuture,IdroppedoutandreturnedtomymotherandsistersinCanada.ThenIwasridingwithatruckingpanytohelpsupportmymotherandsisters.Duringthoselonghoursontheroad,mygrandfather’slastwordscamebacktome:“Pleaseacceptthechallengesoflifeandworkharder.Itisnowornever.Ihopeyouwillneverdisappointus.”Withhiswordsringinginmyears,Idiscoveredanewfoundresolve.Mypathsuddenlybecameclear:IhadtofinishwhatIhadstartedandgobacktoschool.Togetbackontrack,Ineededtotakeafullcourseloadwhilecontinuingtoworkenoughparttimehourstohelppaythebills.Aftergraduatingfromhighschoolagain,Ibeganuniversityengineeringcooperationprogram,inwhichIworkedasapaidintern(實(shí)習(xí)生)everyotherterm,allowingmetokeepmystudentloansincheck.Atthesametime,Itriedmybesttofocusonmystudies.Afterpletingmyuniversity,Iwentontoamaster’sandnowaPhD,winingseveralresearchawardsalongtheway.Mypathtothispointhasmadeonethingclear:Neverfearfailure.IhopeIhavemademygrandfatherproud.5．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’slifeinhisfirsthighschool?A．Struggling. B．Ordinary. C．Fruitful. D．Boring.6．Whydidtheauthordropoutofcollege?A．Hehadabigfamilytosupport. B．Hehadtogetawellpaidjob.C．Hefelthopelessaboutthefuture. D．Hefoughtwithhisclassmate.7．Howdidtheauthorgettheideaofreturningtoschool?A．Hewaslaughedatbyhismotherandsisters. B．Hewasencouragedtowinresearchawards.C．Hewasmotivatedbyhisgrandfatherswords. D．Hewasforcedtoacquiremoreskillsatwork.考點(diǎn)二主旨大意題題型概述主旨大意題即考查細(xì)節(jié)理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能力,難度較大。不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力，也對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。文章中沒(méi)有明顯的解題依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。命題方式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?What'sthefirst/second/thirdparagraphmainlyabout?What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/..paragraph?怎樣理解段落及文章整體的主旨大意——主題句定位法文章是由段落組成的。段落是發(fā)展一個(gè)主題的一群句子，段落圍繞著中心思想展開(kāi)，而段落的中心思想又是為文章整體的中心思想服務(wù)的。尋找具體段落的中心思想的方法是：通過(guò)分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每小段的主題句，通過(guò)主題句找出文章的主題。找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是確定文章主旨大意的關(guān)鍵。主題是文章要表達(dá)的中心思想，文章的主題句通常都有一個(gè)話(huà)題，它是文章的核心。“主題句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。但是由于文章的不同，表現(xiàn)的手法也各有不同，主題句出現(xiàn)的位置也不是一成不變的。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說(shuō)明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)尋找短文的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾（含在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句）。因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類(lèi)文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類(lèi)試題多采用瀏覽法(skimming)，瀏覽時(shí)，一般不需逐句細(xì)讀，只選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重點(diǎn)搜索主題線(xiàn)索和主題信息。文章主題常常可以通過(guò)文章的寫(xiě)作方法來(lái)體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：1.中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。這是英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的演繹法寫(xiě)作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫(xiě)作方法。新聞報(bào)道通常就采用這種寫(xiě)法。新聞報(bào)道的首句通常稱(chēng)為“新聞導(dǎo)語(yǔ)”，“導(dǎo)語(yǔ)”實(shí)際上就是主題句，是對(duì)全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話(huà)找到答題依據(jù)。一、段落大意題【2023年全國(guó)乙卷D片段】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.1.（2023·安徽安慶·安慶一中?？既＃㏒agarikaSriramwas10yearsoldwhenshestartedreadingnewspaperstoriesaboutaplanetintrouble,oneofwhichwasaboutturtleswithplasticintheirstomachs.Sagarikaknewsheneededtodosomething.First,shejoinedagroupwhichorganizedcleanupcampaignsinherhomecity,Dubai“ThegrouphelpedmeunderstandwhatanindividualcandoandhowIcanreallymakeadifference,”shesays.ThenSagarikacreatedKidsforaBetterWorld.It’sadigitalplatformwhichhasbroughttogethernearly10,000youthsfromallovertheworldwiththegoaltocreateagreenerworld.Sagarikaisnow16.She’spartofagrowingnumberofyoungclimateactivists.“We’rethegenerationthatisgoingtofacetheresultsiftheclimatecrisisisnotdealtwith,”shesays.Shebelievesevenindividualactionscancreatea“rippleeffect”.Sagarikasaysthiscanbuildmomentumandcanmovethingsintherightdirection.KidsforaBetterWorldisforpeopleaged8to16.Itteachesthemaboutwhattheycandotoreverseclimatechange.Theycangrowfood,planttrees,collectrecyclablesandavoidusingplasticbags.“Thisistheinformationwhichcanhelpchangeourfuture,”Sagarikasays.Dubaiisadesertmetropolis.GrowinguptherehasmadeSagarikaveryawareoftheneedforaction.Hercityfacestheriskofrisingtemperaturesanditswatersupplyisshrinking.Shebelievesyoungpeoplecanbringattentiontotheseenvironmentalchallenges.Sagarikaisallaboutsmallactions,butshehasbigplans.She’dliketogotocollegeinCalifornia.Whileshe’sthere,she’llcontinuebeinganactivist.She’llalsoberunningKidsforaBetterWorld.Shehopestoinspireotherstofightforagreenerplanet.Othershaveinspiredher.“We’recreatingourownsystemofinspirationalchangemakers,”shesays.19．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytellus?A．Whatcanhelpchangeourfuture. B．Whatpeopleshoulddoatpresent.C．WhatKidsforaBetterWorlddoes. D．Whatcoursesaretaughtontheplatform.2.（2023春·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈九中?？计谥校￤hensheworkedinbanking,IriniTzortzoglou’sideaofcookingwastopickupareadymealfromMarks&Spenceronherwayhome,andputitintheoven(烤箱).Butnow,sincewinningtheBBCcookingpetitionMasterChefattheageof60,withmenusinspiredbyherGreekheritage(遺產(chǎn)),foodhasbeeherlifeandnewcareer.Shehadnotbeenoverlyinterestedincooking,thoughasachild,foodwasanimportantpartofherlife.Tzortzoglou,64,wasborninGreece,wherehergrandparents’housewasalwaysopen,andhergrandmotherwouldoftenbecookingfordozensofpeople.Tzortzoglouwouldhelpout:“Ilovedthesmells.Ilovedtheprocesses.”Tzortzogloufeltveryboredafterretiring.Thenonedayherhusbandsaid,“Whydon’tyoutryMasterChefbecauseyoualwayslovewatchingit.”Shewasareasonablygoodcook,wholovedentertainingandcouldputtogetheradecentdinnerpartymenubutpetingontheshowdemandedawholenewskilllevel.“Ididn’twanttoembarrassmyselfbyleavinginroundone,soItrainedmyselfforayear,”shesaid.Sheputintime,effortandmoney.ShewenttoAthenstoseewhatwashappeningwithGreekfoodtoday.SheateatMichelinstarrestaurantstoseewhatGreekMasterChefandtheyoungchefsweredoing.Andthenshestartedpracticing.Shealsostartedphysicaltrainingbecauseshecouldseehowtoughitwastorunaroundthekitchenwhilefilming,orstandforhours.Sinceherwin,Tzortzoglouhasbeeimmersedin(沉浸于)Greekfood,andhaswrittenacookerybook,UndertheOliveTree.“Idon’thavefreetime,butIloveit,”shesaid.“Ifeellikeachildletlooseinasweetshop.”35．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A．Tzortzoglou’sloveforGreekfood. B．Tzortzoglou’sefforttowinthepetition.C．Tzortzoglou’sdesiretogobacktoAthens. D．Tzortzoglou’sperformanceatthepetition.二、文章大意題【2022年全國(guó)甲卷·B片段】Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlastminutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“Ijustdecidedwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.1.（2023·湖南衡陽(yáng)·衡陽(yáng)市八中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）BeforearrivinginChina,IhadreadlotsofbooksaboutChina.Therefore,whenIarrived,Iwasexcitedtobelivinginthishugehistoricallyandculturallyrichcountry.ItwassogreatlydifferentfromtheUK.Thefood,thelandmarks,thebigcitiesandeverydaylife—Icouldn’twaittoexplore.However,learningChinesehadn’tevenenteredmymind,notbecauseIwaslazy,butbecauseIhadnoconfidencetolearnthemostdifficultlanguageintheworld.Besidesthis,onceImovedtoChina,IlivedinShanghai.Itisaninternationalcity,withmanypeoplespeakingEnglishasasecondlanguage.SoIthoughtEnglishwouldbesufficient.ButafterayearinChinaIfoundmanyexpats(僑民)spokeChinese.Perhapsitwasachievableafterall?IfeltunfortablebecausesomanyChinesepeoplecouldspeakEnglishwhileIcouldn’tevenspeakthemostbasicChinese.Tofacethechallenge,IdecidedtobeginmylanguagejourneyandmyonlyregretisthatIdidn’tstartearlier.InthetwoyearssincestartingtolearnIhavemadegreatprogress.Now,IamabletotalkinChineseonmanytopics.LearningtospeakChineseisn’tasdifficultasIonceexpected.WhenIspeaktoChinesepeopleinChinese,theyalmostalwaysunderstandme.ThemostchallengingthingislisteningsinceChinesepeopletalkatsuchaspeed.Ican’talwaysunderstandwhat’sbeensaid,butmyweeklyonlinelanguageexchangeshelpwiththis.LearningChinesehastakenalotofhardwork.ButthereisstillalongwaytogobeforeIreachmygoaloffluency(流利).LearningChinesenotonlyhelpsmeindaytodaylife,butdeepensmyculturalunderstandingofsuchagreatcountry.So,toallmynonChinesefriendsIsaythis,don’tbeafraid,facethechallengeandbeconfident.9．WhatdidthewriterdoafterarrivinginChina?A．ReadalotofbooksaboutChina. B．Couldn’twaittostudyChinese.C．TriedtolearnmoreaboutChina. D．MissedhislifeinhishomeofUK.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sufficient”probablymean?A．Enough. B．Important. C．Necessary. D．Possible.11．Whydoesthewriterthinklisteningisthemostchallenging?A．Hehasahearingproblem.B．Chinesepeoplespeaktoofast.C．Chineseisthemostdifficultlanguage.D．Hedoesn’tknowmuchaboutmanytopics.12．Whichisthemainideaofthetext?A．Anewopinioninlearning.B．ExploringthejoyoflearningChinese.C．Thewriter’sjourneyoflearningChinese.D．Thevalueoflearninganewlanguage.2.（2023·河北衡水·衡水市第二中學(xué)?？既＃㎡nNovember11,awomanfromtheUnitedKingdomsetouttoexploreAntarctica,inanattempttobeethefirstfemaleexplorertocrossthecontinentaloneandunsupported.PreetChandiaimstocovermorethan1,100milesinajourneythatwilllikelytake70to75days.Pullingallhersuppliesonasled(雪橇)calledapulk,whichweighedmorethan250poundsatthestartofherjourney,the33yearoldwillbattletemperaturesofminus58degreesFahrenheitandwindspeedsupto60milesperhour.Chandi—alsocalled“PolarPreet”—setarecordlastyearasthefirstwomanofcolortopleteanunsupportedexpedition(探險(xiǎn))totheSouthPole.Shefinishedthejourneyin40days—justtwodayslongerthanJoannaDavidsonofSweden,whoholdsthefemaleworldrecord.“AlotofpeopletellmeIdon’tlooklikeapolarexplorer,”ChanditoldBBCNews’SandishShokerlastyearbeforethetrek.“It’sconsideredoutofthenormforanAsianwomantodothis—it’sdifferent.Andthat’spartofthereasonwhyIwantedtodothis—forpeoplewhodon’tfitacertainimage.”ChandigrewupinanIndianSikhmunityinEnglandandjoinedtheArmyReserveatage19.In2012,shegraduatedfromcollege,beingthefirstinherfamilytoearnadegree.Afterrunningherfirsthalfmarathonat20yearsold,Chandi’sappetiteforgreaterchallengesstartedtogrow.Shehasbeenonhikingandclimbingtripsacrosstheworld,includinginKenya,Morocco,Mexico,Peru,IcelandandNepal.Earlierthisyear,shepletedtheMarathondesSables,aweeklong,156mileultramarathonintheSaharaDesert.ShecurrentlyservesintheBritishArmy,organizingtrainingforinjuredsoldiers.“Weareextremelyproudtohavesucharemarkableambassador,“theGeneralStaffSharonNesmithsays.”CaptainChandihasthequalitiesweseekofallwhoserve—courage,mitmentandthedesiretobethebestwecanbe.”16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Settingaworldrecord. B．Challengingoneself.C．Travellingaroundtheworld. D．Seekingasuitableambassador.三、標(biāo)題歸納題【2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷B片段】Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlowineschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallyetoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theyetousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehandsonexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flowerandseeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardens B.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLovers D.ChangingLocalLandscape1.（2023·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·長(zhǎng)沙一中?？级＃㊣t’seighto’clockonChristmasmorning,andUncleTomsayshewantstolistentothenews.Iamwonderingwhyonearthgrownupswouldbeinterestedinthenewswhenthereareimportantthingstobedone,suchashandingoutpresents.Andthen,whileIamonlyhalflisteningtotheradiobroadcast,somethingsurpris