電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯 課件 11-Power system relay protection、12-Insulation and Grounding

電力專業(yè)英語(11)Powersystemrelayprotection參考教材：朱永強.電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.Relaysarethelogicelementsofaprotectionsystemwhichsensethefaultandcausethecircuit-breakertripcircuitstobeenergizedandthebreakerstoopentheircontacts.嘗試翻譯1.Relaysarethelogicelementsofaprotectionsystemwhichsensethefaultandcausethecircuit-breakertripcircuitstobeenergizedandthebreakerstoopentheircontacts.生詞n.

跳閘，解扣，松開(彈簧)trip

翻譯繼電器是保護系統(tǒng)的邏輯元件，它感知故障，并使斷路器解扣電路帶電和斷路器打開觸點。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明由which引導的定語從句修飾的主體為thelogicelements而不是aprotectionsystem。定語從句有兩個并列的謂語動詞sense和cause，第一個and就是連接這兩個動詞短語的。而cause又帶有兩個并列的賓補結構，中間也是用and連接。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Arelayusedforprotectionshouldmakeitsdecisionasquicklyaspossible,consistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit.嘗試翻譯2.Arelayusedforprotectionshouldmakeitsdecisionasquicklyaspossible,consistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit.生詞adj.一致的；與…一致的consistent

翻譯在與其它外加要求相容的條件下，用于保護的繼電器應該盡可能快的做出決定。朱永強zyq@BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明詞組asquicklyaspossible表示“盡可能的快”。consistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit是條件狀語從句省略為短語，可補全為：undertheconditionthatitisconsistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Therelayshouldoperateconsistentlyforallthefaultsforwhichitisdesignedtooperate,andshouldrefrainfromoperatingforanyothersystemcondition.嘗試翻譯3.Therelayshouldoperateconsistentlyforallthefaultsforwhichitisdesignedtooperate,andshouldrefrainfromoperatingforanyothersystemcondition.生詞v.避免；克制refrain翻譯繼電器應該始終在按其設計應該動作的所有故障下動作，并且對于任何其它的系統(tǒng)條件避免動作。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明定語從句forwhichitisdesignedtooperate修飾的主體是faults，其句式和含義與that引導的賓語從句基本相同，只是在作定語從句時，將operate后面的for提到了引導詞which之前。為了便于理解，這個句子可以拆解為：Reliabilitymeansthattherelayshouldoperateconsistentlyforallthosefaults;therelayisdesignedtooperateforthosefaults;therelayshouldrefrainfromoperatingforanyothersystemcondition.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Back-upprotectionasthenameimpliesisacompletelyseparatearrangementwhichoperatestoremovethefaultypartshouldbemainprotectionfailtooperate.嘗試翻譯4.Back-upprotectionasthenameimpliesisacompletelyseparatearrangementwhichoperatestoremovethefaultypartshouldbemainprotectionfailtooperate.生詞v.意味著；暗示imply翻譯顧名思義，后備保護是完全的獨立安排，一旦主保護未能動作時由它動作去切除故障部分。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明shouldbe部分是虛擬語氣的用法，表示假設的情況。詞組asthenameimplies表示“正如名字所暗示的，顧名思義”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.Thejobofeachofthesesubsystemscanbestbeunderstoodbydescribingtheeventsthattakeplacefromthetimeofoccurrenceofafaulttoitseventualeliminationfromthepowersystem.嘗試翻譯5.Thejobofeachofthesesubsystemscanbestbeunderstoodbydescribingtheeventsthattakeplacefromthetimeofoccurrenceofafaulttoitseventualeliminationfromthepowersystem.生詞n.消除；消滅elimination翻譯每一個子系統(tǒng)的任務，可以通過故障發(fā)生時刻到它最終被從電力系統(tǒng)中清除期間所發(fā)生的事件來最好地理解。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明句中出現(xiàn)了四個of和兩個from，這樣多的介詞連續(xù)出現(xiàn)，在翻譯時要格外注意句子的通順。在that引導的定語從句中，fromthetime…to…作為takeplace的狀語，說明“發(fā)生”的時間范圍。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Troublemayariseduetothemagnetizingcurrentinrushonswitchingoperatingtherelay,andoftenrestrainingcoilssensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrentareincorporatedintherelays.嘗試翻譯6.Troublemayariseduetothemagnetizingcurrentinrushonswitchingoperatingtherelay,andoftenrestrainingcoilssensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrentareincorporatedintherelays.生詞n.

泛音；和聲harmonic

adj.

和聲的翻譯由于勵磁電流涌入，在操作繼電器的開關問題上會出現(xiàn)麻煩，往往把對電流的三次諧波分量敏感的遏制線圈集成到繼電器中。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明dueto引導的狀語短語，在翻譯時應提前。onswitching是trouble的定語，而switching本身帶有一個分詞短語形式的定語operatingtherelay。sensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrent是restrainingcoils的定語。為了便于理解，這個句子可以拆解為：Duetothemagnetizinginrushcurrent,troublemayarise;troubleisonswitching;theswitchingoperatestherelay;andoftenrestrainingcoilsareincorporatedintherelays;therestrainingcoilsaresensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrent.本課程參考教材：朱永強《電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯》機械工業(yè)出版社2024-06電力專業(yè)英語(12)InsulationandGrounding參考教材：朱永強.電力專業(yè)英語閱讀與翻譯.機械工業(yè)出版社，2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.嘗試翻譯1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.生詞n.

電阻系數(shù)，電阻率resistivity

翻譯然而，絕緣部分確實傳導一些電流，因此必須被認為是一種具有很高電阻率的材料。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明句中does表示強調(diào)，可譯為“確實”。and連接的兩個謂語動詞does和must共屬一個主語insulation。so在此作為副詞使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.嘗試翻譯2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.生詞v.使臣服；使順從subject翻譯變壓器的絕緣承受很高的靜電應力和很大的機械壓力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明謂語表意動詞subject帶有兩個并列的介賓短語，也可以看作是兩個并列動詞短語的省略形式，補全應為：Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandissubjectedtolargemechanicalforces.。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.嘗試翻譯3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.生詞n.

電介質(zhì)強度，絕緣強度dielectricstrength

翻譯選擇陶瓷是因為它暴露在氣象條件中時的抗老化能力、絕緣強度大以及雨中的清洗保潔能力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明becauseof帶有三個并列的以its開頭的賓語，在翻譯時為了避免重復，這三個its不必都翻譯。when引導的時間狀語從句修飾的主體是itsresistancetodeterioration。另外，按照中文表述習慣，形如itshighdielectricstrength的短語常常譯為主謂結構，即按itsdielectricstrengthishigh來翻譯。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.嘗試翻譯4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.生詞n.

環(huán)境；條件；狀況；境況；dielectricstrength

翻譯雖然在平常情況下絕緣材料很穩(wěn)定，但在極端的電壓應力或溫度條件下，或者在某些化學作用下，其特性會完全改變。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristics部分相當于theircharacteristicsmaychangeradically，而且按照后者翻譯，往往更符合中文表示習慣。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.嘗試翻譯5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.生詞n.

協(xié)調(diào)；配合；協(xié)作；coordination翻譯絕緣配合是電氣設備絕緣與保護裝置特性的相互關系，為的是保護絕緣免受過度的過電壓。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明thecorrelationof…with…表示“…和…的相互關系”。suchthat在這里引導一個表示目的從句。詞組beprotectedfrom表示“保護，使免受”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.嘗試翻譯6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.生詞adj.聯(lián)合的；共同的jointBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem翻譯隨著實驗室技術的改進，因而不同實驗室的結果近似一致，關于絕緣配合的Nema-Nela委員會成立并負責為所有種類設備確定絕緣強度，為各種電壓分級確定水平。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明differentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults相當于testresultsofdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreement，而且按照后者的語序進行翻譯，似乎更符合中文表述習慣。其中incloseragreementon表示“在…方面近似一致”。bechargedwiththetaskof相當于bechargedin，表示“承擔…任務，負責…”。其中task帶有兩個修飾短語，分別是動名詞形式establishing…和動詞不定式形式toestablish。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.嘗試翻譯7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.生詞n.推動作用，沖力作用impulse翻譯300kV以上，除了雷電脈沖和1分鐘工頻試驗之外，試驗還包括開關脈沖電壓的使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明inadditionto表示“除了……之外”，引導一個狀語短語，在翻譯時應提前。為了便于理解，這個句子可以拆解為：Above300kV,inadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,testsincludetheuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.嘗試翻譯8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.v.

承受；經(jīng)受??；頂??；withstand翻譯脈沖試驗電壓通常被稱為“基本絕緣水平”，定義為給定電壓等級下的任何電氣設備都必能承受的脈沖電壓，也通常稱為“脈沖耐受水平”。生詞BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明bereferredtoas表示“作為…被提及”，beknownas表示“作為…被知曉”，為了翻譯通順，二者均可譯為“被稱為”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.嘗試翻譯9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.n.

統(tǒng)計特性；statisticalnature翻譯過電壓（尤其是開關過電壓）的統(tǒng)計特性，有必要計算大量的過電壓，以有一定信心確定系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)計過電壓。生詞BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明inparticular表示“尤其，特別”，makeitnecessary表示“使…有必要”，為了翻譯通順，可簡譯為“有必要…”。其中it代指necessary后面的內(nèi)容，以同位語的形式出現(xiàn)。withsomedegreeofconfidence表示“帶有某種程度的信心”，是狀語短語，翻譯時可以從所修飾的動詞后面移走，一般應提前。為了便于理解，該句子可以拆解為：Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages(inparticularswitchingovervoltages)makeitnecessary;inordertodeterminethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystemwithsomedegreeofconfidence,itisnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.嘗試翻譯10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.n.

擊穿breakdown生詞normaldistributionGaussiandistributionn.

正態(tài)分布n.

高斯分布BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem說明短語thatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdown的作用相當于一個同位語從句，與thedata所指相同。withsomeexceptions是狀語短語，意思是“具有某些例外”，在翻譯時可以從動詞后移走，一般應提前。以asdoes為引導的部分為一個倒裝句。翻譯外部自恢復絕緣體的電介質(zhì)強度通過實驗室進行的試驗來確定，電氣擊穿的數(shù)據(jù)按統(tǒng)計規(guī)律控制，具有隨機性。此外，還發(fā)現(xiàn)對于給定的氣隙而言，擊穿的分布除了個別例外近似遵循正態(tài)分布或高斯分布，系統(tǒng)中的過電壓分布也是這樣。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuitorequipmentisconnectedtotheearth,ortosomeconductingbodyofrelativelylargeextentthatservesinplaceoftheearth.嘗試翻譯11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuit