2022屆廣東省廣州市高三上學(xué)期12月階段訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

廣東省廣州市2022屆高三上學(xué)期12月階段訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀理解SmokejumpersEveryyear,wildfiresdestroymillionsofhectaresofforest.Homesaredamaged,andthousandsofpeopledie.Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.Whatisasmokejumper?Smokejumpersareaspecialtypeoffirefighter.Theyjumpfromplanesintoareasthataredifficulttoreachbycaroronfoot,likethemiddleofamountainforest.Theyracetoputoutfiresasfastastheycan.Whatdosmokejumpersdo?Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.Theirmaingoalistostopafirefromspreading.Usingbasicequipmentsuchasshovelsandaxes,smokejumpersclearlandofburnablemateriallikeplantsandotherdrymaterial.Theycarrywaterwiththemtoo,butonlyalimitedamount.Whocanbeasmokejumper?Althoughthemajorityofsmokejumpersaremen,morewomenarejoining.Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland，orgetblownbystrongwinds.Smokejumpersmustalsobecapableofsurvivinginthewildness.Theworkisdangerous,andthehoursarelong.Butforthesefirefighters,smokejumpingisn'tjustanoccupation.Theylovebeingabletojumpoutofplanes,fightfires,andliveintheforest.As28-year-oldsmokejumperBobSmithsays,"Thisisthebestjobfortoughguys."1．Whatisthefirstthingasmokejumperdoesafterarrivingatafiresite?A．Cleartheland.B．Studythearea.C．Lookforwater.D．Putoutthefire.2．Ifyouwanttobeasmokejumper,youmustbe_______________.A．maleB．withinacertainweightrangeC．a(chǎn)bletoflyaplaneD．olderthan28yearsofage3．Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext?A．B．C．D．閱讀理解Underthefirstfullmoonoftheyear,musicloversinNorwaysitonseatsmadeoficeandcoveredwithanimalskins.Onafrozenstage,musiciansinfurryhatsandcoatsplayinstrumentscarvedfromice!ThisshowistheIceMusicFestival,theonlyconcertintheworldofitskind.Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTerjeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusicalinstrument.Isungsetspentyearsexperimentingwithiceinstruments.Themorehelearned,themoreexcitedhebecame.Afteryearsoftrialanderror,hewasreadytostarttheIceMusicFestivalin2016.Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.Heprefersnottousehuman-madeice,becausehebelievesfrozenlakewatersoundsbetter.Thismaybesupportedbyscience.Scientistshavenoticedthatnaturalicehasfewerbubbles(氣泡),whichcouldleadtoaclearersound.Oncetheicehasbeensourced,professionalicecarversusetoolstocreateinstruments.Theycarveeverythingfromsaxophonestoxylophones.Thecarversoftenchangethelookoftheinstruments,whichhelpsthemproducespecial,evenunique,sounds.Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.Playingthefrozeninstrumentsisachallenge.Eachperformancesurprisesboththemusiciansandtheaudience.Aftertheconcertisover,Isungsetjokesthatthemusicianswilldrinktheirinstruments.Actually,theyjustleavetheirstageandinstrumentsbehind,givingitallbacktonature.4．WhatinspiredIsungset'sinterestinicemusic?A．Learningtoplayaniceinstrument.B．AttendingthefirstIceMusicFestival.C．Playingmusicinafrozenenvironment.D．Experimentingwithfrozeninstruments.5．HowdoesIsungsetchoosethebestice?A．Bytestingthesoundthatitmakes.B．Byreferringtoscientificexplanations.C．Bycomparingthesourcesoficepieces.D．Bycheckingthenumberofbubblesithas.6．Whatisthebiggestchallengefacedbyicemusicmusicians?A．Playinginsuchcoldweather.B．Gettingridoftheirinstruments.C．Selectingtheirinstruments'look.D．Predictingtheirinstruments'sounds.7．What'sthepurposeofthetext?A．TopromotethetalentsofTerjeIsungset.B．Toreviewarecently-heldmusicfestival.C．Tointroduceanewandoriginaltypeofmusic.D．ToencouragepeopletojoinintheIceMusicFestival.閱讀理解Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalParkin1995.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.By2007,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170.GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock(牲畜).Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(小野狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplan,worryingthatwolveswouldkilltheirlivestockorpets.Otherpeoplefearedthatthewolveswouldnotbewell-protectedinYellowstone.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.Theyincludedmanycompromisestohelppeopleacceptthewolves'presence.Forexample,theypromisedtopayfarmersforlivestockkilledbywolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolvesinYellowstone.Certainwolveswearspecialcollarstohelpbiologistsgatherinformationabouthowthewolveslive,hunt,andreproduce.Eachyearthewolfpopulationiscounted.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Deerandcoyotepopulationsaredown,whileredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.8．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Whygraywolvesbecameadangertofarmers.B．WhatgraywolvespreferredaboutlivinginCanada.C．Howgraywolveswereforcedoutoftheiroriginalhomes.D．WhengraywolvesweregraduallyreintroducedtoYellowstone.9．Howisparagraph3developed?A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Byexplainingcauseandeffect.C．Bylistingeventsintimeorder.D．Byusingstatisticsandexamples.10．WhydidbiologistssuggestthereintroductionofwolvesintoYellowstone?A．Toreducethepark'splantdiversity.B．Toprotectthewolvesfromdyingout.C．Tocontrolthelocallivestockproblem.D．Tolimitthedeerandcoyotepopulations.11．Whichstatementbestsummarizesthewriter'sviewpoint?A．WolvesareanimportantpartofAmericannationalparks.B．Yellowstone'swolfreintroductionprogramwasamistake.C．Thegovernmentshouldberesponsibleforreintroducingwolves.D．Yellowstone'swolfprogramhasbenefitedthewolvesandthepark.閱讀理解Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.Thescientistsrecruited9619-month-oldchildren.Duringtheexperiments,achildandaresearchersatacrossfromeachother.Inthecontrolgroupofthefirstsetofexperiments,researchersthrewapieceoffruitontoaplatewheretheycouldn'treach,butthechildcould.Theythenwaited.Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefood.Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.Theexperimentswererepeatedfourtimes.Researchersgotsimilarresultseachtime.Babieswithsiblings(兄弟姐妹)andbabiesfromLatinoorAsianfamiliessharedmoreofthefruit,theteamalsofound.CarterMorgan,leadprofessorofthestudy,said,"Weoftenthinkofbabiesasselfish.Butherewefindthattheyarewillingtohelpothersevenwhenitcomesatsome'cost'totheself."Addressingwhychildrenwithsiblingsorfromcertainculturalbackgroundsweremorelikelytosharetheirfruit,Morgansaid,"Webelievethispartlyreflectswhatsocialpsychologistscall'interdependence',whichstressesontheimportanceofinterpersonalconnectionsandadjustingtoothers.Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife."12．Theunderlinedword"altruism"mostprobablymeans__________________.A．generosityB．creativityC．friendlinessD．confidence13．Whatcanbeinferredabout19-month-oldbabies?A．Theyknowwhentohavelunch.B．Theyunderstandsignalsforhelp.C．Theycanclassifydifferentfruits.D．Theycanexpresstheirneedsfreely.14．Whichgraphbestexplainsthefindingsoftheexperiments?A．B．C．D．15．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Attitudestowardssharingchangegreatlyaspeoplegetolder.B．Babiesfromfamilieswithanonlychildarenotwillingtoshare.C．It'seasiertocontrolbabies'selfishdesireswhentheyarehungry.D．Socialexperiencesplayaroleinaffectingbabies'behaviorofsharing.二、任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Areyousittingmorethanever?16．You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.17．Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTVwatching.18．Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.Asthetotalsittingtimeincreases,sodoestheriskofearlydeath."Sitless,movemore"iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.19．Itisliketellingsomeonetojust"exercise"withouttellingthemhow.Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.Forexample,theCenterforDiseaseControlrecommendsadultsdoexercisefortwohoursand30minuteseveryweek,plusmusclestrengtheningactivitiestwoormoredaysaweek.Weneedsimilarguidelinesforsitting.20．"Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupandmoveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace,"Diaz,theleadresearchersaid,addingthatthestudyhasputusastepclosertothesatisfyingguidelines.Butmoreresearchesareneededtoconfirmtheirapproach.A.Nowit'stimetogetupandmovearound.B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.C.Healthexpertsalsosuggestexercisingonadailybasis.D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.F.Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.三、完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Themorninghadbeenadisaster.Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday,andI'dbeenina/an21．withafriend.Herwordsstillhurt,"Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?"Ishookmyheadandfeltthe22．inmytooth.Itwasreally23．.Istartedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.24．,ataboutlunchtime,Igotlucky."Ifyou25．rightnow,"thereceptionistsaid,"thedentistwillfityouin."Irushedouttomycar.ButsuddenlyIbeganto26．a(chǎn)boutthedentist.Whatkindofdentistwouldbesoeagerto27．someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas28．a(chǎn)stheothers?WhileIwasinthedentist'soffice,IsawnothingbuttheemptywallsandIbecameevenmore29．.Theassistant30．mynervousnessandplacedherwarmhandovermyice-coldone.WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.Justliedownand31．.Andenjoytheartwork.""Theartwork?""Iwas32．.Thechairwentback,andsuddenlyIsmiled.Therewasabeautifulpicture,rightwhereIcouldenjoyit:onthe33．.How34．thedentistwas!Atthatmoment,I35．whatmyfriendmeant.21．A．discussionB．a(chǎn)rgumentC．negotiationD．meeting22．A．warningB．bitternessC．painD．danger23．A．impossibleB．irresistibleC．unreasonableD．unbearable24．A．BesidesB．FinallyC．LatelyD．Therefore25．A．comeoverB．passonC．showoffD．settledown26．A．doubtB．careC．learnD．talk27．A．believeB．contactC．treatD．visit28．A．proudB．busyC．skilledD．careful29．A．eagerB．confidentC．curiousD．worried30．A．noticedB．examinedC．ignoredD．reduced31．A．paintB．relaxC．sleepD．smile32．A．a(chǎn)nnoyedB．frightenedC．embarrassedD．confused33．A．wallB．doorC．ceilingD．floor34．A．considerateB．imaginativeC．professionalD．patient35．A．heardB．rememberedC．understoodD．valued四、語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theskyscraper(摩天大樓)becamethestandarddesignofamodern,globalcityinthe20thcentury.Somuchsothatbytheendoflastcentury,centersofmanybigcitiesaroundtheworldbegan36．(look)alike.Asweenteredthe21stcentury,manydesignersbegantoask37．(they):Isthis38．wewantourcitiestolook?Mustourcitiesgiveuptheirindividualidentitiestobecomemodern?Some39．(architect)haverespondedtothesequestionsbyincorporatingtraditionaldesignelementsintotheirskyscrapers.Othersarereturning40．localtraditionsand,often,localmaterials.InChina,internationallyfamousarchitectWangShuwantstobringabreathoffreshairtomoderndesign.HeiscreatingdesignsinwhichmodernconcreteandChinesetraditionalbuildingpracticescoexist.TraditionalChinesebuildings,41．(include)homes,oftenhavegreenspacesontheinside.WangsaysthatthemostimportantthingforChinesepeopleis"livinginsome42．(peace)placewithtrees,water,andyourfamilytogether."Hekeepsthisideainmindandreusesoldmaterialsinhisnewbuildings.Somebuildingscontain43．(recycle)bricksandtilesfromconstructionsthat44．(build)hundredsofyearsago.Wangbelievesthisiswhatgives45．buildingitsspiritandmakesitfeelalive.五、寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)46．為迎接一年一度的重陽(yáng)節(jié)，學(xué)校英文報(bào)舉辦以"關(guān)愛(ài)老人"為主題的征文比賽。請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文參賽，包括以下要點(diǎn):1）重陽(yáng)節(jié)的意義;2）如何關(guān)愛(ài)老人;3）期望與呼吁。注意:1）寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Lovetheelderly47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Twothingschangedmylife:mymotherandabikebasket.It'strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymomhadn'tturnedabikebasketintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday—Alessonaboutthevalueofefforts.Mymotherandfatherwereunitedintheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,Ihonestlydon'tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.Ifwecomplainedaboutnothavingwhatotherkidsdid,we'dhearsomethinglike,"Idon'tcarewhatso-and-sogotforhisbirthday,youarenotgettingaTVinyourroomorabigparty."Wehadtoearnourallowance(零用錢(qián))bydoingchores(家務(wù))aroundthehouse.Icanstillrememberhowlongittooktopolishthelegsofourcoffeetable.Mybrotherscannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced.Itwasonesummerday.Mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatirefixed—andthereitwasinthewindow—white,shiny,plasticanddecoratedwithflowers.ThebasketwinkedatmeandIknew—Iknew—lhadtohaveit."It'sbeautiful,"mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,"Whataneatbasket."Itriedtoholdoffatfirst,butthenIcouldn'tstanditanylonger."Mom,pleasecanIgetit?I'lldoextrachoresforaslongasyousay.I'lldoanything,butIlovethatbasket.Please,Mom,please?"Iwasdesperate."Youknow,"shesaid,gentlyrubbingmybackwhilewebothstaredatwhatIbelievedwasthecoolestthingever,"Ifyousaveupyoucouldbuythisyourself.""BythetimeIearnenoughit'llbegone!Someoneelsewillbuyit.Please,Mom,please?""Theremightbeanotherway,"shesaid.注意:1）續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。"I'llbuyitnowbutyouonlygetitafter3weeksofdoublechores,"Momexplained.Finally,Igotmydreambasket,butsoonIsadlyfoundthesamebasketonothers'bikes!答案解析部分【答案】1．B2．B3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了Smokejumpers（空降滅火消防員）的工作以及成為空降滅火消防員的條件?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whatdosmokejumpersdo?部分中的“Atafiresite,smokejumpersfirstexaminethelandanddecidehowtofightthefire.”在著火地點(diǎn)，空降滅火消防員首先查看地形，然后決定怎樣滅火。可知，空降滅火消防員在到達(dá)著火地點(diǎn)后，首先要做的是分析研究地形。故選B。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Whocanbeasmokejumper?部分中的“Mostimportantareyourheightandweight.SmokejumpersemployedintheU.S.,forexample,mustbe120to200pounds(54to91kilograms),sotheydon'tgethurtwhentheyland”重要的因素是你的身高和體重。在美國(guó)被雇傭的空降滅火消防員必須在120—200磅，即：54—91公斤，以便于你不被強(qiáng)風(fēng)刮走，或者著陸后受傷?？芍?，要成為空降滅火消防員，身高和體重必須達(dá)到一定的范圍。故選B。3．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中“Smokejumpersarehelpingtostopthis.”阻止火災(zāi)發(fā)生的是空降滅火消防員可知，本文在講空降滅火消防員的職業(yè)，因此要在職業(yè)種類(lèi)的網(wǎng)站上去瀏覽。故選A。【答案】4．C5．A6．D7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，本文介紹了挪威的冰音樂(lè)節(jié)以及發(fā)展的歷史。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和寫(xiě)作意圖三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thiscoolideabeganin1999,whenmusicianTerjeIsungsetplayedmusicinsideafrozenwaterfall.Theamazingsoundsthatheheardledhimtostartusingiceasamusicalinstrument.”這個(gè)很酷的想法始于1999年，當(dāng)時(shí)音樂(lè)家TerjeIsungset在冰凍的瀑布中演奏音樂(lè)。他聽(tīng)到的驚人聲音使他開(kāi)始使用冰作為樂(lè)器。故選C。5．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Topreparethefrozeninstruments,Isungsethuntsforthebestnaturalsourcesofice.Hetestseachsourceoficebycuttingoutapiece,tappingitwithhisfinger,andlisteningtothesounditproduces.Experiencetellshimwhethertheicewillmakeagoodinstrument.”為了準(zhǔn)備冷凍儀器，伊松塞特尋找最好的天然冰源。他通過(guò)切下一塊來(lái)測(cè)試每個(gè)冰源，用手指敲擊它，然后聽(tīng)它發(fā)出的聲音。經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴他，冰是否能成為好樂(lè)器。故選A。6．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Eachyear,thegoalofthefestivalistochallengemusicianstomakecreativemusicwhenplayingtheseone-of-a-kindiceinstruments.”每年，音樂(lè)節(jié)的目標(biāo)都是挑戰(zhàn)音樂(lè)家在演奏這些獨(dú)一無(wú)二的冰樂(lè)器時(shí)制作創(chuàng)意音樂(lè)。故選D。7．考查寫(xiě)作意圖。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新的和原創(chuàng)的音樂(lè)類(lèi)型——冰音樂(lè)，故選C?！敬鸢浮?．C9．B10．D11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了多年?duì)幷摵蠡依潜恢匦乱M(jìn)到黃石國(guó)家公園，這樣做保持了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)平衡。也為生物學(xué)家以后在其他地方重新引進(jìn)狼群提供了借鑒?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段“GraywolvesonceroamedthroughouttheYellowstonearea.Buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopmentandhuntedbyfarmersforkillinglivestock(牲畜).Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheymovedfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewaslesscontactwithhumans.”灰狼曾經(jīng)在整個(gè)黃石地區(qū)漫游。但他們逐漸被人類(lèi)發(fā)展所取代，被農(nóng)民獵殺牲畜。到1920年代，狼實(shí)際上已經(jīng)從黃石地區(qū)消失了。他們向北移動(dòng)到加拿大的深處，那里與人類(lèi)的接觸較少?？芍诙谓榻B了灰狼是如何被迫離開(kāi)它們的家園黃石地區(qū)的。故選C。9．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyconsequences.Deerpopulations—amajorfoodsourceforthewolf—grewrapidlywithouttheirusualenemy.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyote(小野狼)populationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark'sredfoxes.”狼的消失帶來(lái)了許多后果。鹿種群——狼的主要食物來(lái)源——在沒(méi)有通常的敵人的情況下迅速增長(zhǎng)。這些動(dòng)物消耗了大量的植被，從而降低了公園內(nèi)的植物多樣性。在沒(méi)有狼的情況下，小野狼的數(shù)量也迅速增長(zhǎng)。小野狼殺死了公園里大部分的赤狐?？芍谌谓忉屃嗽斐山Y(jié)果的原因，故選B。10．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvesintoYellowstone,hopingthattheywouldbeabletocontrolthedeerandcoyoteproblems.”早在1966年，生物學(xué)家就要求政府考慮將狼重新引入黃石公園，希望它們能夠控制鹿和小野狼的問(wèn)題。故選D。11．考查推理判斷，根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.”黃石狼項(xiàng)目一直是一項(xiàng)有價(jià)值的實(shí)驗(yàn)，可幫助生物學(xué)家決定是否將狼也重新引入該國(guó)其他地區(qū)?？赏浦S石的狼計(jì)劃使狼群和公園受益。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2．A13．B14．A15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，研究表明嬰兒似乎知道如何幫助有需要的人。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。12．考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段“Babiesappeartoknowhowtohelpthoseinneed,accordingtoresearcherswhostudiedsignsofaltruisminalmost100children.”據(jù)研究了近100名兒童利他主義跡象的研究人員稱(chēng)，嬰兒似乎知道如何幫助有需要的人；以及“Researcherswhowantedtoseewhetherchildrenwouldgiveuptheirfoodtoastrangerwithoutencouragementfoundthekidsdidjustthat—evenwhentheywerehungry.”想看看孩子們是否會(huì)在沒(méi)有鼓勵(lì)的情況下將食物交給陌生人的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們就是這樣做的——即使他們餓了。可推知altruism是“利他/無(wú)私）的行為”，故選A。13．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Incontrast,researchersinthetestgrouppretendedtodropthefruitontheplate,thentriedandfailedtoreachit.Thissignaledtothechildthattheadultwantedthefood.”相比之下，測(cè)試組的研究人員假裝將水果掉在盤(pán)子上，然后嘗試并沒(méi)有拿到。這向孩子發(fā)出了成年人想要食物的信號(hào)；以及第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在對(duì)照組中，只有4%的孩子將水果給了研究人員，而在測(cè)試組中，這一比例為58%，或超過(guò)一半?？赏浦麄兡芾斫馇笾盘?hào)。故選B。14．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Amongthecontrolgroup,only4percentofthechildrengavethepieceoffruittotheresearchers,comparedwith58percent,oroverhalf,inthetestgroup.”在對(duì)照組中，只有4%的孩子將水果給了研究人員，而在測(cè)試組中，這一比例為58%，或超過(guò)一半；以及第五段“Next,theteamexploredifchildrenwouldstillbegenerouswhenitwasatacosttothemselves.Thefirstsetofexperimentswasrepeatedwithaseparategroupofkidsbeforetheirlunchtime,whentheywerelikelytobehungry.Similarly,37percentofthetestgrouphandedovertheirfruit,comparedwithnoneinthecontrolgroup.”接下來(lái)，該團(tuán)隊(duì)探索了孩子們?cè)诟冻龃鷥r(jià)時(shí)是否仍然會(huì)慷慨。第一組實(shí)驗(yàn)在午餐時(shí)間之前對(duì)另一組孩子重復(fù)，當(dāng)時(shí)他們可能餓了。同樣，37%的測(cè)試組交出了他們的水果，而對(duì)照組則沒(méi)有?？芍xA。15．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thesesocialexperiencesthatshapeattitudestowardssharingappeartohaveaneffectveryearlyinlife.”這些社會(huì)塑造分享態(tài)度的經(jīng)歷似乎在生命的早期就產(chǎn)生了影響。故選D。【答案】16．B；17．E；18．F；19．D；20．G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了久坐對(duì)健康的影響，建議人們走動(dòng)起來(lái)?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇健康類(lèi)閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前“Areyousittingmorethanever?”你坐得比以往任何時(shí)候都多嗎？；以及空后“You'reprobablysittingwhilereadingthis.Sometimesyousitwhenyouaredrivingorattendingameeting.Othertimesyousitwhenyouengageyourselfinwatchingamovieorplayingcomputergames.That'sundoubtedlyalotofsitting.”您可能正在坐著閱讀本文。有時(shí)您在開(kāi)車(chē)或參加會(huì)議時(shí)會(huì)坐著。其他時(shí)候，你會(huì)坐著看電影或玩電腦游戲。這無(wú)疑是坐了很多。可知此處要介紹人們坐著的時(shí)刻，B.Takeamomenttothinkaboutyoursittingactivities.“花點(diǎn)時(shí)間想想你的坐姿活動(dòng)。”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。17．根據(jù)空前“Thefactis,theamountoftimespentsittinghasincreasedovertime.”事實(shí)上，坐著的時(shí)間隨著時(shí)間的推移而增加?？芍颂幜信e人們坐的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短，E.Asoftoday,averageadultwillspend56-86%oftheirdailytimesitting.“截至今天，普通成年人每天將花費(fèi)56-86%的時(shí)間坐著。”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。18．根據(jù)空前“Weknowsittingtoomuchisbad,andmostofusnaturallyfeelalittleguiltyafteralong-timeTVwatching.”我們知道久坐是不好的，我們大多數(shù)人在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看電視后自然會(huì)感到有點(diǎn)內(nèi)疚；以及空后“Astudyonnearly8,000adultssuggeststhatthere'sadirectrelationshipbetweenthetimespentsittingandourriskofearlydeathofanycause.”一項(xiàng)針對(duì)近8,000名成年人的研究表明，久坐時(shí)間與我們因任何原因過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間存在直接關(guān)系?？芍颂幷f(shuō)明久坐會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么問(wèn)題，F(xiàn).Butwhatexactlygoeswrongwhenweparkourselvesfornearlyeighthoursperday?“但是，當(dāng)我們每天停車(chē)近八個(gè)小時(shí)時(shí)，到底出了什么問(wèn)題？”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。19．根據(jù)空前“‘Sitless,movemore’iswhattheHeartAssociationencouragesustodo.”“少坐多動(dòng)”是心臟協(xié)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)我們做的事情；以及空后“Exerciseguidelinesarealwaysmorepractical.”運(yùn)動(dòng)指南總是更實(shí)用。可知此處談及的是健康指南，D.Butthisguidelineisjusttoosimpleandabstracttomakeadifference.“但是這個(gè)指導(dǎo)方針過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單和抽象，無(wú)法有所作為?！背猩蠁⑾?，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。20．根據(jù)空前“Weneedsimilarguidelinesforsitting.”我們需要類(lèi)似的有關(guān)坐的指南，以及空后“Itwouldprobablybelike,forevery30continuousminutesofsitting,standupandmoveorwalkforfiveminutesataquickpace.”這可能就像是，每連續(xù)30分鐘坐著，站起來(lái)移動(dòng)或快速行走5分鐘，可知此處指要進(jìn)一步完善指南，G.Tomakeupfortheweakness,aresearchteamisworkingonamorespecificguideline.“為了彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)弱點(diǎn)，一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)正在制定更具體的指南?！狈险Z(yǔ)境，故選G?！敬鸢浮?1．B；22．C；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．A；27．C；28．B；29．D；30．A；31．B；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者講述了自己牙疼去看牙醫(yī)的經(jīng)歷。牙醫(yī)為了減輕病人看病時(shí)的痛苦，在天花板上設(shè)計(jì)了一幅美術(shù)作品讓病人欣賞，由此作者感悟到：要設(shè)身處地為他人著想?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語(yǔ)等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇故事類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：我的牙齒在痛，我和一個(gè)朋友吵了一架。A：discussion“討論”；B：argument“爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵”；C：negotiation“談判，協(xié)商”；D：meeting“會(huì)議”。根據(jù)下文“Herwordsstillhurt,‘Youneverputyourselfinmyplace.Can'tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?’”她的話(huà)很傷人，“你從來(lái)沒(méi)有設(shè)身處地為我著想。難道你不能站在我的角度看事情嗎？”可知他們?cè)跔?zhēng)吵，故選B。22．句意：句意：我固執(zhí)地?fù)u了搖頭，感到牙疼。A：warning“警告”；B：bitterness“痛苦”；C：pain“疼”；D：danger“危險(xiǎn)”。根據(jù)上文“Mytoothwasachingwhilemydentistwasonholiday”我的牙醫(yī)在度假時(shí)我的牙齒很痛，故選C23．句意：實(shí)在是難以忍受，A：impossible“不可能的”；B：irresistible“極具誘惑力的”；C：unreasonable“不合理的”；D：unbearable“難以忍受的”。根據(jù)下文“Istartedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.”我開(kāi)始給電話(huà)簿上的牙醫(yī)打電話(huà)，但沒(méi)有人能立即接待我。可知作者牙疼難以忍受，故選D。24．句意：最后，大約在午餐時(shí)間，我很幸運(yùn)。A：Besides“而且”；B：Finally“最后”；C：Lately“最近”；D：Therefore“因此”。根據(jù)下文“thereceptionistsaid,‘thedentistwillfityouin.’"牙醫(yī)會(huì)給你安排時(shí)間的?？芍罱K有牙醫(yī)給作者看牙，故選B。25．句意：“如果你現(xiàn)在過(guò)來(lái)，”接待員說(shuō)，“牙醫(yī)會(huì)給你安排時(shí)間的?！盇：comeover“過(guò)來(lái)”；B：passon“相傳”；C：showoff“炫耀”；D：settledown“解決，安定下來(lái)”。根據(jù)空后“thedentistwillfityouin.”牙醫(yī)會(huì)給你安排時(shí)間的，可知選A。26．句意：但突然間，我開(kāi)始懷疑牙醫(yī)。A：doubt“懷疑”；B：care“關(guān)心”；C：learn“學(xué)”；D：talk“談?wù)摗?。根?jù)下文“Whatkindofdentistwouldbesoeagerto7someoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn'theas8astheothers?”什么樣的牙醫(yī)會(huì)如此渴望在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)給人治療？為什么他不像其他人那樣忙？可推知作者有所懷疑，故選A。27．句意：什么樣的牙醫(yī)會(huì)如此渴望在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)給人治療？A：believe“相信”；B：contact“連接，聯(lián)系”；C：treat“治療，對(duì)待”；D：visit“參觀，拜訪(fǎng)”。作者來(lái)此是治療牙疼的，可知選C。28．句意：為什么他不像其他人那樣忙？A：proud“驕傲的”；B：busy“繁忙的”；C：skilled“熟練的”；D：careful“小心的”。根據(jù)上文，沒(méi)有牙科醫(yī)生有時(shí)間給作者看病，可推知這位醫(yī)生有時(shí)間，故選B。29．句意：當(dāng)我在牙醫(yī)的辦公室里時(shí)，我只看到光禿禿的墻壁，我變得更加擔(dān)心。A：eager“熱情的”；B：confident“有信心的”；C：curious“好奇的”；D：worried“擔(dān)心的”。根據(jù)下文“WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughed,"Don'tworry.Thedentistisverygood.”當(dāng)我告訴她我的恐懼時(shí)，她笑了，“別擔(dān)心，牙醫(yī)很好。”可知作者是擔(dān)心的，故選D。30．句意：助理注意到我的緊張，將溫暖的手放在我冰冷的手上。A：noticed“注意到”；B：examined“檢查”；C：ignored“忽視”；D：reduced“減少”。根據(jù)空后“andplacedherwarmhandovermy