漢英翻譯之二

漢英翻譯之二譯者素養(yǎng)庚寅年仲春初二漢譯英標準達意達情（達意之一）達文體漢譯英標準舉例好久不見了！Longtime,nosee！昨晚我看了場電影。LastnightIwatchedamovie.車走了。Thecarisgone.譯者素養(yǎng)與意識語言要好態(tài)度端正用戶至上老外校正產(chǎn)品檢查但三個臭皮匠,頂個諸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.江郎才盡JiangYan’sliterarytalentisatanebb.壽比南山邯鄲學步東施效顰完璧歸趙賠了夫人又折兵imitate

others

slavishly

and

thus

loseone"s

individuality語言功底深厚與老一代翻譯工作者相比,現(xiàn)在的年輕譯者的文學修養(yǎng)亟待提高。從現(xiàn)狀來看,年輕譯者普遍存有[sic.]無法深刻解讀原著,文字表達過于粗糙的弊病。---上海翻譯家協(xié)會副會長黃源深語法要正確他發(fā)現(xiàn)前人研究地理的記載有許多不很可靠的地方。He

found

there

were

many

unreliablepoints

in

the

geography

record

which

besearched

by

the

people

before.He

found

there

were

many

unreliablepoints

in

the

geographic

records

kept

byhis

predecessors.恰當運用慣用語（一天,鄰居王二嬸不小心把鑰匙鎖在了家里,）很多熱心人都前來幫忙,但都無濟于事。人們找到他,但被他拒絕了。Manywarm-heartedpeoplecametohelp,butwithoutanyresult.Peoplewantedhitohelp,however,herefusedthem.Manywarm-heartedneighborscame,buttheycoulddonothingforher.Sotheyturnedtohimforhelp,yetmetwithhisrefusal.前后要連貫那人一只大手,向他攤著；一只手卻撮著一個鮮紅的饅頭,那紅的還一點一點的往下滴。（魯迅《藥》）Thismanwasthrustingonehugeextendedhandtowardshim,whileinthotherheheldarollofsteamedbread,fromwhichcrimsondropsweredrippingtotheground.(楊憲益、戴乃迭譯)文化知識廣博金陵十二釵ThetwelvehairpinsofJinlingThetwelveladiesofJinling慚愧（哪里，哪里！）Thankyou(foryourcompliment).沒門兒！Noway!黃書Pornographic(blue)books.久仰!Nicetomeetyou!老手an

old

hand渾水摸魚to

fish

in

troubled

waters五頭牛Five

heads

of

cattle好心Kind-hearted禍不單行Misfortunes

never

come

singly.文化不對應他已成竹在胸。He

has

long

had

fully-grownbamboo

in

his

bosom.He

has

long

had

a

well-thought-out

plan

in

his

mind.老王和我算是柳家大院最“文明”的人了?！拔拿鳌笔侨龑O子。（老舍《柳家大院》）OldWangandIcanbecountedasthemost“civilized”meninthecourtyard.“Civilization”isthethirdgrandson.OldWangandIareconsideredthegenteelfolkinthecompound.Gentilibehanged!moredelicatethanHis

Shih.

(Trans.YangXianyi)心比比干多一竅,病比西子勝三分。（《紅樓夢》）ShelookedmoresensitivethanPikan,ShehadmorechambersinherheartthanthemartyredBiGan;andsufferedatithemorepaininitthanthebeautifulXiShi.(Trans.DavidHawkes)（辛楣）一肚皮的酒,幾乎全化成了酸醋……（《圍城》）ThewineinHsin-mei’sstomachturnedtosourvinegarinhisjealousy.TheconsiderableamountofwineHsin-meihadconsumedearlierwasburninginsideandmadehimsickwithjealousy.(Trans.SunYifeng)練習老虎老頭An

old

man老兵Anarmyveteran老板A

boss老婆A

wife老李

Old

Li“白象”電池White

Elephant

batterySilver

Elephant

battery“金雞”鞋油Golden

Cock

shoe

blackingGolden

Rooster

Shoe

blacking金雞獎Golden

Cock

AwardsGolden

Rooster

Awards銀耳湯White

fungus

soupSilvermushroomsoup金三角經(jīng)濟開發(fā)區(qū)Golden

Triangle

special

economicdevelopment

zoneGolden

Delta

special

economic

developmenzone拖后腿To

pull

one’s

legsTo

hinder;

to

be

a

hindrance

to

sb.對自己、讀者負責理解原文嚴謹周密勤查字典、百科全書等工具書、多咨詢請講母語的人校正、修改檢查成品小心壓破玻璃受傷Don’tpresstheglasstogethurt老人、兒童上扶梯時需由家人陪同

When

old

man’s

child

go

up

handladder

temporary

need

the

family

toaccompany洗發(fā)香波

Sham

Poo文字游戲《熙戲犀》作者:趙元任西溪犀，喜嬉戲。嵇熙夕夕攜犀徙，嵇熙細細習洗犀。犀吸溪，戲襲熙。嵇熙嘻嘻希息戲。惜犀嘶嘶喜襲熙。施氏食獅史石室詩士施氏,嗜獅,誓食十獅,氏時時適市視獅。十時,適十獅適市。是時適施氏適市。氏視十獅恃矢勢,使十獅逝世。氏拾是十獅尸,適石室。石室濕,氏使侍拭石室。石室拭,氏始試食是十獅尸。食時始識十獅尸,實十石獅尸。試釋是事。趙公生平趙元任(1892-1982),字宣仲,又字宜重,江蘇武進(今常州)人,生于天津。1910年為游美學務處第2批留學生,入美國康奈爾大學,主修數(shù)學,1914年獲理學士學位。1918年獲哈佛大學哲學博士學位。1919年任康奈爾大學物理講師。1920年回國任清華學校心理學及物理教授。1921年再入哈佛大學研習語音學,繼而任哈佛大學哲學系講師、中文系教授。1925年6月應聘到清華國學院任導師,指導范圍為“現(xiàn)代方言學”、“中國音韻學”、“普通語言學”等。1929年6月底國學研究院結束后,被中央研究院聘為歷史語言研究所研究員兼語言組主任,同時兼任清華中國文學系講師,授“音韻學”等課程。1938年起在美國任教。席棚里電燈輝粕,扎竹涂泥的壁上貼滿了紅綠紙條,寫的是本店拿手菜名,什么“清蒸甲魚”、“本地名腿”、“三鮮米線”、“牛奶咖啡”等等。十幾張飯桌子一大半有人占了。掌柜寫賬的桌子邊坐個胖女人坦白地攤開白而不坦的胸膛,喂孩子吃奶；奶是孩子吃的飯,所以也該在飯?zhí)贸?證明這旅館是科學管理的。（《圍城》五章）Afatwomanplainlyandpubliclydisplayherfairbutnotsoflatbosom,wasfeedingherbaby.(Trans.Jeannekelly,NathanK.Mao)奧巴馬訪華時，對胡總書記說:他終于明白了中國文化其實就是吃的文化。比如:謀生叫糊口，崗位叫飯碗；受雇叫混飯，花積蓄叫吃老本；混得好叫吃得開，占女人便宜叫吃豆腐；女人漂亮叫秀色可餐，女人多了叫吃不消，受人歡迎叫吃香；受到照顧叫吃小灶，不顧他人叫吃獨食；受人傷害叫吃虧，男女嫉妒叫吃醋；猶豫不決叫吃不準，不能勝任叫干什么吃的；付不起責任叫吃不了兜著走，辦事不力叫吃干飯。胡總書記聽后很生氣，說:我們應該好好總結一下中美關系，你卻總結中國文化，是不是吃多了......第二位汪太太過了門沒生孩子,只生病。在家養(yǎng)病反把這病養(yǎng)家了,不肯離開她,所以她終年嬌弱得很,愈使她的半老丈夫由憐而怕。（《圍城》七章）Shehadbegunbynursingherillnessahomeonlytoendupmakingahomeforherillness.(Trans.Jeannekelly,NathK.Mao)What

a

piece

of

work

is

a

man,

how

noble

inreason,

how

infinite

in

faculties,

in

form

andmoving

how

express

（expressive,

significativeand

admirable,

in

action

how

like

an

angel,

inapprehension

how

like

a

god!

the

beauty

ofthe

world,

the

paragon

of

animals—and

yet,

tome,

what

is

this

quintessence

of

dust?

Mandelights

not

me—nor

woman

neither,

though

byyour

smiling

you

seem

to

say

so.Hamlet2.2.303-12Polonius:My

liege,

and

madam,

to

expostulateWhat

majesty

should

be,

what

duty

is,Whatdayisday,nightnight,andtimeistime,Werenothingbuttowastenight,day,andtime;Therefore,sincebrevityisthesoulofwit,Andtediousnessthelimbsandoutwardflourishes,Iwillbebrief.Yournoblesonismad....HamletAct2,scene2,86–92第五十二回諸葛亮智辭魯肅

趙子龍計取桂陽卻說周瑜見孔明襲了南郡，又聞他襲了荊襄，如何不氣？氣傷箭瘡，半晌方蘇，眾將再三勸解。瑜曰：“若不殺諸葛村夫，怎息我心中怨氣！程德謀可助我攻打南郡，定要奪還東吳?！闭h間，魯肅至。瑜謂之曰：“吾欲起兵與劉備、諸葛亮共決雌雄，復奪城池。子敬幸助我?！濒斆C曰：“不可。方今與曹操相持，尚未分成?。恢鞴F(xiàn)攻合淝不下。不爭自家互相吞并，倘曹兵乘虛而來，其勢危矣。況劉玄德舊曾與曹操相厚，若逼得緊急，獻了城池，一同攻打東吳，如之奈何？”瑜曰：“吾等用計策，損兵馬，費錢糧他去圖現(xiàn)成，豈不可恨！”肅曰：“公瑾且耐。容某親見玄德，將理來說他。若說不通，那時動兵未遲。諸將曰：“子敬之言甚善?！庇谑囚斆C引從者徑投南郡來，到城下叫門。趙云出問，肅曰：“我要見劉玄德有話說?！痹拼鹪唬骸拔嶂髋c軍師在荊州城中?！泵C遂不入南郡，徑奔荊州。見旌旗整列，軍容甚盛，肅暗羨曰：“孔明真非常人也！”軍士報入城中，說魯子敬要見?？酌髁畲箝_城門，接肅入衙。