2024中考英語二輪復習第二部分專題五構(gòu)詞法(課件)

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五構(gòu)詞法專題五構(gòu)詞法2隨堂檢測1知識梳理知識梳理一、合成法定義：由兩個或兩個以上的詞組合起來的新詞叫做合成詞。合成詞是一種比較靈活的構(gòu)詞方法，可以合成名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等。類型構(gòu)成方式例詞復合名詞名詞+名詞classroom形容詞+名詞blackboard動詞+名詞playground名詞+動名詞handwriting類型構(gòu)成方式例詞復合動詞副詞+動詞overcome,upset名詞+動詞-ingsightseeing復合形容詞名詞+形容詞worldwide數(shù)詞+名詞second-hand數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞five-year-old名詞+動詞過去分詞man-made復合副詞不定代詞+副詞somewhere復合代詞不定代詞+名詞anything二、派生法定義：在一個單詞前面加前綴或后面加后綴構(gòu)成的新詞叫做派生詞。1.常見前綴前綴大多數(shù)不造成詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換，但能引起詞義的變化。前綴中有相當一部分可構(gòu)成反義詞。前綴含義例詞dis-不；無disagree,disappearim-不impatient,impolitein-不；非inexpensive,incomplete前綴含義例詞mis-錯誤misunderstandingnon-不；非non-smoker,non-stopun-不unforgettablere-再；又return,rewrite,retellsuper-超級supermarket,supermantele-遠程telephone,television2.常見后綴通過加后綴變成另一個詞。后綴不僅能改變詞義，也能改變詞性。詞類后綴例詞名詞-er,-or,-resslistener,dancer,reporter,waitress-ingbuilding,feeling,shopping-mentachievement,development-ion,-tion,-ation,-sioneducation,invention,decision-n,-an,-ianAustralian,European,musician詞類后綴例詞名詞-eseChinese,Japanese-istartist,scientist-nesssadness,illness-shipfriendship-thtruth,warmth-tysafety,activity詞類后綴例詞形容詞-fuluseful-ousdangerous-ableenjoyable-altraditional,personal-inginteresting-d,-edexcited-erneastern,western-iveactive,positive詞類后綴例詞形容詞-almusical,physical-lesscareless,hopeless-lyfriendly,weekly-yhealthy副詞-lyreally,successfully,widely,finally,politely詞類后綴例詞數(shù)詞-thseventh,fortieth,seventieth,hundredth-teenthirteen,fourteen-tytwenty,thirty,forty三、轉(zhuǎn)化法定義:轉(zhuǎn)化法是指把一個單詞從一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性的方法。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切。詞性轉(zhuǎn)化例詞名詞→動詞bookn．書→v.預訂watern．水→v.澆水動詞→名詞talkv．談論→n.談話walkv．散步；走→n.散步

詞性轉(zhuǎn)化例詞形容詞→名詞dailyadj.日常的→n.日報highadj.高的→n.最高水平形容詞→動詞cleanadj.干凈的→v.打掃副詞→動詞downadv.向下→v.打倒；放下隨堂檢測短文填空基礎練agree

care

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enjoyfamily

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nineteen1.It'snormaltohaveproblemswithyourclassmates.Evengoodfriends___

witheachothersometimes.2.Atrueheartisthesecrettothe

ofagoodrelationship.3.Jackwasabsentfromclassbecauseof

.Wewonderwhenhecangobacktoschool.disagreedevelopmentillnessagree

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direct

educate

enjoyfamily

forget

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harm

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nineteen4.We'dbettercheckthepaperbeforehandingitintoavoidmakingsome_________mistakes.5.Helpingothersisa(n)

thing.Sowhensomeoneasksforhelp,pleasegivehimahand.6.Notgettingenoughsleepcanbe

toourhealth,sodonotstayuplate.7.You'dbettersolvethedifficultproblemsbyyourselvesatfirstinsteadofaskingothersforhelp

.carelessenjoyableharmfuldirectlyagree

care

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educate

enjoyfamily

forget

friend

harm

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nineteen8.Inordertoimprovestudentslivingskills,moreactivitiesaboutlabor_________

willbeheldnextterm.9.Keepingintouchwitheachotherisagoodwaytomakeusrememberour

forever.10.M