2022年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義-名詞（牛津譯林版）（無答案）

2022年中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義與練習(xí)

名詞

班級姓名學(xué)號

課標(biāo)考點

1.正確識別可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。2.掌握可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。3.掌握名詞所

有格和名詞作定語的用法。

考點一：不可數(shù)名詞

1.分類不可數(shù)名詞分為：表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì),如rice,water,milk等和表示動作、

狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念,如work,time,health等。?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞還有：music,

fun,news,information,advice,weather,homework,work,air,time,money,paper,traffic,

progressbread,music,furniture,sugar,knowledge,trouble,progress,traffic,weather,fun,beef

等.

2.基本用法：不可數(shù)名詞在句子中作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞前面丕

能使用冠詞或數(shù)詞

3.既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞，有些名詞既能用作可數(shù)名詞，又能用作不可數(shù)名詞，但意義

不同。如：

space—___—（可數(shù)）；_____（不可數(shù)）fish—______（可數(shù)）；___（_不_可

數(shù)）

glass—?_（可數(shù)）；______（不可數(shù)）paper___—（可數(shù)）；—一（不

可數(shù)）

work—___（可數(shù)）；_______（不可數(shù)）experience一_____（可數(shù)）；_一（不

可數(shù)）

exercise—________（可數(shù)）；_________（不可數(shù)）achievement--_______（可數(shù)）；

________（不可數(shù)）

4.不可數(shù)名詞量的表達(dá).不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，要借助一個可數(shù)名詞來表達(dá)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：

數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如：一塊面包兩杯茶

三杯橘汁幾則建議

考點二：可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)

1.規(guī)則變化：(1)一般在詞尾加。如：lake-lakes；mouth-mouths；month-months；

arm—>anns；key—>keys；boy—boys；grownup—grownups；pound—>pounds；dollar—>dollarso

(2)以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞后加。如：bus-buses；box—boxes；brush—>brushes；

sandwich一sandwiches；wish—wishes；church—churches；glass一glasses；beach—beaches。

注意：stomach—*

(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，變?yōu)?再加o如：factory^factories；

library—libraries；city—cities；country一countries；story一stories；family-families；

strawberry—>strawberries；dictionary—>dictionaries；party—parties；hobby—hobbies。

(4)以o結(jié)尾的大多加s,少數(shù)加eSo如：zoo—>zoos；photo—photos；radio—>radios；

piano—>pianos；kangaroo-kangaroos；

注意：hero—>heroes；tomato^tomatoes；potato—potatoes;mango—>mangoes

⑸以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，變或為加o如：knifb-knives；

lea—leaves；shelf^shelves；half^halves；thie—thieves；wifb一wives；woUwolves；

lifb—lives。

2.不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有三種情況：

(1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母。如：fbot—feet；tooth—?teeth；man—men；

woman—>women；Englishman—Englishmenfrenchman—frenchmen但：German—?Germans

human—humans

(2)詞尾加ren,如：child—>。

(3)單、復(fù)數(shù)相同。如：sheep—sheep；deer—deer；fish—flsh；Chinese—*；

Japanese—*?

(4)有些名詞只表示復(fù)數(shù)。如：people,trousers,scissors,glasses(眼鏡)。

(5)man和woman作定語修飾另一個名詞時，兩部分都用復(fù)數(shù)。如：woman

teacher—womenteachers女教師；mandoctor—>mendoctors男醫(yī)生。

補(bǔ)充：可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的不確切量的表達(dá)方式：

few,afew,many,several,a(large/small)numberof/acoupleof+可數(shù)名詞

little,alittle,much,alarge/smallamountof,agreatdealof+不可數(shù)名詞

some,any,plentyof,enough,alotof/lotsof+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞

考點三：名詞所有格

1.構(gòu)成(1)有生命的名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法：

①一般情況下在名詞后加's。如：邁克的汽車我媽媽的頭發(fā)

②以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加)如：教師節(jié)三個小時的步行

③不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，直接在詞尾加，s。如：婦女節(jié)兒童節(jié)

(2)無生命的名詞所有格一般由“of+名詞”構(gòu)成。如：

我們教室的一張照片一張中國地圖

［注意J表示時間、距離、集體、國家、團(tuán)體等無生命的名詞，也可用's構(gòu)成所有格。如：

今天的報紙世界人口

(3)當(dāng)人名是以s結(jié)尾時，也加&Charles的車.

2.特殊用法(1)表示兩者共同擁有的人或物時，只需在最后一個人的名字后加's；表

示各自所有，則需在每個名詞后加，s。如：莉莉和露西共有的房間莉莉

和露西各自的房間___________________

⑵表示“家”、“店鋪”等處所。如：atLiLeib在李雷家在診所

(3)雙重所有格表示整體中的一部分,結(jié)構(gòu)為“of+名詞『或"of+名詞性物主代詞”.

如:我父親的一本書

①a/an/數(shù)詞/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many+名詞+of+名詞,s。如:afriendof

myfather's

②…名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如：afriendofmine=oneofmyfriends我的一

個朋友

3.名詞普通格作定語時的形式名詞作定語時，一般用單數(shù)形式，但sporls,clolhes

例外。

papertigers紙老虎workplaces工作的地方sportsshoes運動鞋

考點四：名詞的后綴

1.表示人的：-er,-or,-ian,-ist,-ress

如：win-winnerrun-runnersupport-supporterinvent-inventorvisit-visitor

direct-directoract-actor/actresscollect-collectorcreate-creatorsurvive-survivor

art-artistscience-scientist

2.動詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞：“ion,-sion,-ing,-(s)ure,-ment,-ance

如：pronounce-pronunciationexpress-expressionbegin-beginningpress-pressure

agree-agreementperform-performanceinvite-invitationinvent-invention

3.其它：-th,-dom,-ce,-y,-ty,-ness,-ship,-hood

如：warm-warmthfree—freedomdifferent-differenceimportant—importance

difficult-difficultysafe-safetybusy-businessfriend-friendshipchild-childhood

strong-strength

考點五：名詞作句子成分

1.名詞作主語

1).表示時間、金錢、距離作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Twohours(be)enoughforustogetthere.

2).量詞短語“數(shù)字+量詞+of+…”作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與量詞保持一致。

Apairofshoes(be)underthebed.

Twopiecesofpaper(be)onthedesk.

3).名詞+介詞(with、except>alongwith....)+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與前面

的名詞保持一致。

Theteacherwiththestudents(be)plantingtreesonthehill.

4).短語“neither…nor…、either…or…、notonly-butalso…”連接主語時，謂語動詞

實行就近原則。

NeitherhenorI(be)aFrenchman.

2.名詞作定語：

1)名詞作定語時，一般用單數(shù)形式。Thereisashoefactoryneartheschool.

2).名詞作定語時，個別情況用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(sport)Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnext

week.

3).man、woman作定語表示性別時，man、woman隨后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)而變。

onemanteachertwowomenteachers

強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練：

一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.Whenthecatisaway,the(mouse)willplayhappily.

2.Itiscommonthatthesunsetsdowninthewest,(know)

3.Tveahighfever,soIneedtogotothe(doctor).

4.The(survey)haveshownthatmorethanhalfofthechildrenlikeUSTVseries

best.

5.Ifsabouttwenty(minute)ridefrommyhousetothecitycentre.

6.Mostofthetouristsonthecoachare(German),andonlytwoofthemare

(Japanese).

7.Wouldyoupleasemakesome(room)fortheoldman,sir?

8.Several(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek.

9.Moreandmorepeoplealloverthecountryareworriedaboutfood(safe).

10.Eatingtoomanysweetsisbadforyour(tooth).

11.JackieChanisafamous.Thesedressesarefor.

(act)

12.Thisisthefirstyeartolearnthenewsubject—.(chemical)

13.Todaymoststudentscangotohighschoolforfurther(educate)inour

country.

14.Youcanmakea(choose)amongthoseprogrammes.

15.ThatFrenchrestaurantprovidesnotonlydeliciousfoodbutgood(serve).

16.Thereporterinterviewedourheadmasteronhowtoraiseour(student)

abilities.

17.Thecompasshelpedpeoplemakemany(discover)inthepast.

18.Thecomputerisconsideredasoneofthemostimportant(invent)inthe

20thcentury.

19.Therearequiteafew(tomato)inthesetwo(photo).

20.Aftersome(1ead)visittothevillage,theyreachedanagreement.

21.Sometimesitrequirescouragetotellthe(true).

22.Hurryup!The(interview)havebeentherefor10minutes.

23.Weareplanningtohaveaninterviewwiththe(win)ofthefootballgame.

24.Thesungivesus(hot)andlight.Nothingcanlivewithoutthesun.

25.Mikehasbeenusedtotheschoollifeandhasmadegreat(achieve).

26.Myuncleworksonamodernfarm.He'sthinandofaverage.(high)

27.Father9s(silent)showedthathewasveryangryatwhatIdid.

28.Sherefusedtojoinour(discuss)andfinishedherpaperalone.

29.Acarelessdriverandtheterribleweatherwereresponsibleforthesepeople's.(die)

30.Shanghaiwilllimit(限制)thenumberoftowetlandsonChongmingIsland.(visit).

31.It'shardtrainingnotthathashelpedLiuXiangbreaktherecordsagain,(lucky)

二、根據(jù)中文提示完成單詞

l.Thestudentsstandinginfrontofthelibraryareall(非洲人).

2.IfyouliketogotoHongKongforshopping,youcangothereinany(季節(jié)).

3.Ifyoudon'tknowthe(意，怛)ofthewords,you'dbetterlookthemupinthe

dictionary.

4.Youngchildrenshouldhavegood(習(xí)慣)，suchasgettingupearlyandhavinga

healthydiet.

5.Danielenjoysswimming.Heisoneofthebest(游泳者)inmyclass.

6.The(美麗)oftheSummerPalaceattractsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.

7.Great(進(jìn)步)hasbeenmadeinthefieldofmedicine.

8.Wemusthavethe(勇氣)tofaceallthedifficultiesinourlives.

9.Theymadea(選擇)tolightup999candlestomourn(哀悼)thedeathofthe

bravefiremen.

10.Ifthereisa(機(jī)會)inamillionthatyoucandosomething,pleasedoit.

11.BillGatesisagreatmanof(財富)andinfluenceintheworld.

12.Jimlikeslisteningtomusicandenjoyswatchingallkindsofmusic(視頻)inhis

sparetime.

13.Everyyearsomepeoplewouldliketoworkinthe(東北方)ofChina.

14.Oneofthe(長處)oflivinginthecitycenteristhatyoucanbuyalmost

everythingyouwant.

三、單項選擇

()1.-Canyouseealittleinthepicture?一Yes,behindthetrei.

A.dogsB.horsesC.sheepD.ducks

()2.fatherscan'tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.

A.JackandMike'sB.Jack'sandMike'sC.JackandMikeD.Jack'sand

Mike

()3.SamisdoingsomeabouttheancientSilkRoad.

A.exerciseB.operationsC.researchD.experiments

()4.Thethemeparkisabout_______ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.

A.twohourB.twohour'sC.twohours'D.twohours

()5.Mary'sskirtisthesameasher______.

A.sisterB.brotherC.brother'sD.sister's

()6.—Couldyoupleaseoffermesome_________inmyresearch?—Yes,sure.

A.ideaB.messageC.suggestionD.advice

()7.-1amgoingtoCarrefour.Letmegetyousomefreshfruil.-Thanksforyour.Ifsso

niceofyou.

A.offerB.planC.adviceD.information

()8.Sameatstoomuch.Hedoesn'teatany.

A.tomatoes;chickenB.tomato;chickenC.chicken;tomatoesD.chickens;

tomatoes

()9.Don*tstandtooclosetoNorthAmericans.You'dbettergivethemmorepersonal

A.timeB.systemC.spaceD.pity

()10.Youareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabetweenworkandrelaxation.

A.diaryB.promiseC.balanceD.lead

()1Litisacceptedbyeveryonethatknowledgeisthemostvaluable_forhumanbeings.

A.standardB.treasureC.inventionD.instruction

()12.IamsureCindywillbeabletofindthebusstation—shehasaprettygoodof

direction.

A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense

()13.1boughtChituiDailyfromastreet-comermachinethismorning.

A.apageof