亞太地區(qū)高等教育行業(yè)市場前景及投資研究報告-外文版培訓課件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYTertiaryeducationintheAsia-PacificregionCHAPTER

01OverviewEstimatednumberofuniversitiesworldwideasofJuly2023,bycountryNumberofuniversitiesworldwidein2023,bycountryNumberofuniversities01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000IndiaIndonesiaUnitedStatesChina5,3493,2773,1802,495BrazilMexicoRussiaJapan1,2641,1391,010992France625GermanyIran461440PolandSouthKorea4084013Description:Indiahasthemostuniversitiesworldwide.AccordingtodatafromJuly2023,therewereanestimated5,350universitiesinIndia.Indonesiahadthesecondmostuniversities,counting3,300,followedbytheUnitedStateswith3,200universities.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;July2023Source(s):CSIC(CybermetricsLab-"WebometricsRankingofWorldUniversities")The2023AcademicRankingofWorldUniversities(ARWU)byShanghaiRankingConsultancyAcademicRankingofWorldUniversities(ARWU)2023ShanghaiRankingScore400206080100120HarvardUniversityStanfordUniversity10074.8MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)UniversityofCambridge69.167.9UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyPrincetonUniversity63.460.159.5UniversityofOxfordColumbiaUniversityCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyUniversityofChicago55.354.553.8YaleUniversityCornellUniversity52.250.5UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles484Description:HarvardUniversitywasthetop-rankeduniversityintheworldin2023withascoreof100accordingtotheShanghaiRankingConsultancygroup.Outofthetop30rankeduniversities,theUnitedStateshad20differentuniversitiesonthelist.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):AcademicRankingofWorldUniversitiesWorlduniversityrankingsfor2023/24,accordingtoTimesHigherEducationWorlduniversityrankingsbyTimesHigherEducation2023/2024TimesHigherEducationScore20

30

400105060708090100110UniversityofOxford(UnitedKingdom)StanfordUniversity(UnitedStates)98.598MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(UnitedStates)HarvardUniversity(UnitedStates)97.997.897.596.996.5UniversityofCambridge(UnitedKingdom)PrincetonUniversity(UnitedStates)CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology(UnitedStates)ImperialCollegeLondon(UnitedKingdom)UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley(UnitedStates)YaleUniversity(UnitedStates)95.194.694.2ETHZurich(Switzerland)93.1TsinghuaUniversity(China)UniversityofChicago(UnitedStates)92.492.15Description:Fortheacademicyearof2023/2024,theUniversityofOxfordwasrankedasthebestuniversityintheworld,withanoverallscoreof98.5accordingtheTimesHigherEducation.StanfordUniversityandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyfollowedbehind.AhighnumberoftheleadinguniversitiesintheworldarelocatedintheUnitedStates,withtheETHZürichinSwitzerlandthehighestrankedneitherintheUnitedKingdomnortheU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Autumn2023;1,799universitiesin104countriesSource(s):Elsevier;TimesHigherEducationLeadinguniversitiesasrankedbyTimesHigherEducationinAsiain2023LeadinguniversitiesAsia2023TimesHigherEducationscore010203040506070809088.287.887.2100TsinghuaUniversity(CN)PekingUniversity(CN)NationalUniversityofSingapore(SG)UniversityofHongKong(HK)80.179.276.1NanyangTechnologicalUniversity(SG)ChineseUniversityofHongKong(HK)TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology(HK)TheUniversityofTokyo(JP)75.375FudanUniversity(CN)73.473.4ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity6Description:Withascoreof88.2,TsinghuaUniversityinChinasecuredthetopspotintheAsianuniversityrankingin2023.ThishighereducationinstitutionbeatthelikesofSeoulNationalUniversityandtheUniversityofTokyotothenumberoneposition.Interestingly,theoverallscoresoftheleadinguniversitiesinAsiahaveincreasedsignificantlythroughoutrecentyears,thusgivingtheregionareputationasbeinghometosomeoftheworld’smostprestigiousuniversities.Improvinghigher[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia;2023Source(s):TimesHigherEducationCHAPTER

02Pre-tertiaryeducationNumberofyearsoffreeprimaryandsecondaryschooleducationintheAsia-Pacificregionin2023,bycountryorterritoryDurationoffreeprimaryandsecondaryeducationAPAC2023,bycountryNumberofyearsSriLankaAustralia131313NewZealandMaldives12121212121212121212NepalPakistanHongKongMacaoIndonesiaMongoliaPhilippinesThailandAfghanistan*8Description:In2023,13yearsoffreeprimaryandsecondaryschooleducationinSriLanka,Australia,andNewZealandwereguaranteedinlegalframeworks.Incomparison,onlyfiveyearsoffreepre-tertiaryschooleducationwereguaranteedinBangladesh,Myanmar,andVietnamthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2023;*2022dataSource(s):UNESCOInstituteforStatisticsDurationofcompulsoryeducationintheAsia-Pacificregionin2023,bycountryorterritoryDurationofcompulsoryeducationAPAC2023,bycountryNumberofyearsPakistan121212MongoliaPhilippinesSriLanka111111DemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKoreaAustraliaNewZealand10Afghanistan*BruneiDarussalam999999ChinaChina,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionChina,MacaoSpecialAdministrativeRegionIndonesia9Description:In2023,thedurationofcompulsoryeducationinMalaysia,Pakistan,andthePhilippineswas12years,thelongestintheAsia-Pacificregion.Incomparison,compulsoryeducationinBangladeshandMyanmarlastedonlyfiveyears.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2023;*2022dataSource(s):UNESCOInstituteforStatisticsLowersecondaryschoolcompletionrateintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountryorterritoryLowersecondaryschoolcompletionrateAPAC2022,bycountryCompletionrateThailandBrunei**IndonesiaNepal132.31%104.63%102.41%101.38%101.13%100.27%HongKongVietnamPhilippinesSingapore*SriLanka*MongoliaSouthKorea*India97.94%97.76%96.72%95.86%95.21%87.24%86.93%Macao10Description:In2022,thelowersecondaryschoolcompletionrateinThailandamountedtoover132percent.Incontrast,Laoshadalowersecondaryschoolcompletionrateofaround58percentthatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;*2021data**2020dataFigureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodologyandvaluesexceeding100percent,thesourcestatesthefollowing:

"Lowersecondaryeducationcompletionrateismeasuredasthegrossintake[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):WorldBankCHAPTER

03TertiaryenrollmentGrossenrollmentrateintertiaryeducationintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountryorterritoryEnrollmentrateintertiaryeducationAPAC2022,bycountryTertiaryeducationenrollmentrate60%

80%0%20%40%100%120%140%MacaoAustralia*HongKongSouthKorea*Singapore*NewZealand*China114.72%112.69%104.22%100.32%97.1%79.41%71.98%MongoliaJapan**64.32%62.14%Thailand49.14%IndonesiaVietnam42.63%42.22%Malaysia40.27%12Description:In2022,Macaohadatertiaryeducationenrollmentrateofcloseto115percent.Incontrast,Nepal'senrollmentratefortertiaryeducationstoodat14percentthatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;*2021figure**2020figureFigureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodologyandvaluesexceeding100percent,theWorldBankstatesthefollowing:

"Grossenrollmentratioistheratiooftotalenrollment,regardlessof[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):WorldBankFemaletomaleratiointertiaryeducationintheAsia-Pacificregionfrom2018to2022,bycountryorterritoryFemaletomaleratiointertiaryeducationAPAC2018-2022,bycountry2018201920200.391.280.771.061.362021-2022-AfghanistanAustraliaBangladeshBhutan0.351.260.710.991.360.91.260.721.330.821.16--0.841.03-Brunei1.360.941.181.1CambodiaChina1.011.161.071.081.15-0.881.151.091.041.18-1.181.11.161.111.111.130.981.151.26HongKongIndia1.071.140.971.071.261.1IndonesiaJapan1.110.981.1Laos1.141.11-Macao1.271.1113Description:In2022,SriLankahadthehighestfemaletomaleratioacrosstheAsia-Pacificregion,withonaverage1.4femalestudentsforeveryonemalestudentenrolledintertiaryeducation.Comparatively,Bangladeshhadsignificantlymoremalestudentsthanfemalestudentsenrolledintertiaryeducation.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2018to2022Source(s):UNESCAP;WorldBankGenderparityindex(GPI)fortertiaryeducationenrollmentintheAsia-Pacificregionfrom2018to2022,bycountryorterritoryGPIfortertiaryschoolenrollmentAPAC2018-2022,bycountry20180.710.920190.720.94202020210.821.011.161.080.991.071.111.111.161.151.241.271.3820220.840.881.031.041.061.091.111.111.151.181.251.271.39BangladeshCambodiaBhutan0.770.991.071.061.11India1.1VietnamHongKongMacao1.11.261.071.181.131.181.11.271.051.181.111.261.041.16NepalChinaIndonesiaMalaysiaThailandMongolia1.231.321.2914Description:In2022,theGenderParityIndex(GPI)fortertiaryeducationenrollmentinBangladeshwas0.84,byfarthelowestacrosstheAsia-Pacificregion.Thisindicatoriscalculatedbydividingthefemalegrossenrollmentratiointertiaryeducationbythemalegrossenrollmentratiointertiaryeducation.AGPIoflessthan1suggeststhatfemalestudentsaremoredisadvantagedthanmalestudentsinlearningopportunities,whileaGPIofgreaterthan1suggeststheopposite.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2018to2022Source(s):UNESCOInstituteforStatistics;WorldBankCHAPTER

04LeadinguniversitiesLeadinguniversitiesintermsofteachingintheAsia-Pacificregionin2023LeadinguniversitiesbyteachingAPAC2023Teachingscore0102030405060708090100PekingUniversity(CN)TsinghuaUniversity(CN)91.588.686.4TheUniveristyofTokyo(JP)KyotoUniversity(JP)77.376.7SeoulNationalUniversity(KR)ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity(CN)NationalUniversityofSingapore(SG)FudanUniversity(CN)7673.872.8ZhejiangUniversity(CN)69.969KoreaAdvancedInstituteofScienceandTechnology(KAIST)(KR)16Description:In2023,PekingUniversityinChinawasrankedthehighestofAsianuniversitiesintermsofteaching,inwhichtheuniversityscored91.5.Incomparison,KoreaAdvancedInstituteofScienceandTechnology(KAIST)scored69pointsintermsofteachinginthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2023Source(s):TimesHigherEducationLeadinguniversitiesintermsofresearchintheAsia-Pacificregionin2023LeadinguniversitiesbyresearchAPAC2023Researchscore010203040506070809010097.296.9110TsinghuaUniversity(CN)PekingUniversity(CN)NationalUniversityofSingapore(SG)TheUniversityofTokyo(JP)93.689.9ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityNanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore(SG)SeoulNationalUniversity(KR)FudanUniversity(CN)85.681.279.579ZhejiangUniversity(CN)78.978.4UniversityofHongKong(HK)17Description:In2023,TsinghuaUniversityinChinawasrankedthehighestamongtheAsianuniversitiesintermsofresearch,scoring97.2outof100.Incomparison,UniversityofHongKongscored78.4pointsintermsofitsresearchin2023.Theresearchreputationofauniversityisseenasvital,asqualityresearchcanattractmoreincomeandinvestmentsintotheuniversity,thuscreatingapositiveimpactonitsacademicachievements.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2023Source(s):TimesHigherEducationLeadinguniversitiesintermsofindustryincomeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2023LeadinguniversitiesbyindustryincomeAPAC2023Industryincomescore200406080100100120KoreaAdvancedInstituteofScienceandTechnology(KAIST)(KR)NationalChengKungUniversity(NCKU)(TW)ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity(CN)TsinghuaUniversity(CN)100100100ZhejiangUniversity(CN)100BeijngInstituteofTechnology(CN)HarbinInstituteofTechnology(CN)NagoyaUniversity(JP)99.899.799.298.397.8SungkyunkwanUniversity(SKKU)(KR)TongjiUniversity(CN)18Description:In2023,severaluniversitiesacrosstheAsiaPacificregion,scored100outof100inarankingofindustryincome.ChinaappearedtodominatetherankingforleadinguniversitiesintermsofindustryincomethroughouttheAsiaPacificregion,securingsixofthetenhighestindustryincomescoresinAsiaPacific.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2023Source(s):TimesHigherEducationLeadinguniversitiesintermsofinternationalstudentshareintheAsia-Pacificregionin2023LeadinguniversitiesbyinternationalstudentshareAPAC2023Shareofstudents10%

20%

30%0%40%50%60%70%80%90%91%100%MacauUniversityofScienceandTechnology(MO)CityUniversityofHongKong(HK)62%62%HongKongBaptistUniversity(HK)UniversityofHongKong(HK)43%42%JapanAdvancedInstituteofScience(JAIST)(JP)UniveristyofMacau(MO)39%TheHongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology(HK)TheGraduateUniversityforAdvancedStudies,SOKENDAI(JP)TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity(HK)UniverstitiUtaraMalaysia(MY)32%31%30%30%19Description:In2023,91percentofthestudentsenrolledinMacauUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinMacaowereinternationalstudents.Contrastingly,30percentofthestudentsenrolledinTheHongKongPolitechnicUniversityandUniversitiUtarainMalaysiawereinternationalstudentsin2023.Internationalstudentsarepivotaltoauniversityintermsofeconomiccontributionandreputation.Asaresult,manyuniversitiesacrosstheAsia-PacificregionofferEnglishasauniversallanguage,[...]ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2023Source(s):TimesHigherEducationCHAPTER

05Bachelor'sdegreeholdersWorking-agepopulationwithaBachelor'sdegreeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountry(in1,000s)NumberofpeoplewithaBachelor'sdegreeAPAC2022,bycountryNumberofpeopleinthousands40,000

50,000010,00020,00030,00060,00070,00080,00090,000100,000China**IndonesiaPhilippinesSouthKorea***Vietnam94,125.515,839.6914,534.3114,228.816,603.775,689.88Pakistan*Australia*4,625.19BangladeshMalaysia3,945.863,124.4Myanmar**NewZealand**Afghanistan*Mongolia2,768.16927679.81553.6921Description:In2022,approximately15.84millionpeopleinIndonesiahadaBachelor'sorequivalentleveldegree.Thatyear,around14.53millionpeopleinthePhilippinesheldaBachelor'sdegree.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;Bachelor'sdegreeorequivalentleveldegree;*2021data.

**2020data.

***2023data.?Figureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodology,thesourcestatesthefollowing:

"Theworking-agepopulationiscommonly[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):ILOFemaleworking-agepopulationwithaBachelor'sdegreeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountry(in1,000s)NumberoffemaleBachelor'sdegreeholdersAPAC2022,bycountryNumberofpeopleinthousands20,000

25,00005,00010,00015,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000China**IndonesiaPhilippinesSouthKorea***Vietnam46,504.268,416.918,300.476,386.433,393.05Australia*Pakistan*Malaysia2,625.772,494.31,671.4BangladeshMyanmar**NewZealand**Mongolia1,453.561,423.31534.1341.74204.12Cambodia*22Description:In2022,approximately8.4millionwomeninIndonesiahadaBachelor'sorequivalentleveldegree.Thatyear,around8.3millionwomeninthePhilippinesheldaBachelor'sdegree.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;Bachelor'sdegreeorequivalentleveldegree;*2021data.

**2020data.

***2023data.?Figureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodology,thesourcestatesthefollowing:

"Theworking-agepopulationiscommonly[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):ILOMaleworking-agepopulationwithaBachelor'sdegreeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountry(in1,000s)NumberofmaleBachelor'sdegreeholdersAPAC2022,bycountryNumberofpeopleinthousands20,000

25,000

30,00005,00010,00015,00035,00040,00045,00050,00055,000China**SouthKorea***Indonesia47,621.247,842.387,422.78PhilippinesVietnamPakistan*6,233.843,210.733,195.58BangladeshAustralia*2,491.71,999.431,4531,344.85522.67MalaysiaMyanmar**Afghanistan*NewZealand**Cambodia*392.9283.7123Description:In2022,approximately7.4millionmeninIndonesiahadaBachelor'sorequivalentleveldegree.Thatyear,around6.2millionmeninthePhilippinesheldaBachelor'sdegree.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;Bachelor'sdegreeorequivalentleveldegree;*2021data.

**2020data.

***2023data.?Figureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodology,thesourcestatesthefollowing:

"Theworking-agepopulationiscommonly[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):ILOCHAPTER

06Master'sdegreeholdersWorking-agepopulationwithaMaster'sdegreeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountry(in1,000s)NumberofMaster'sdegreeholdersAPAC2022,bycountryNumberofpeopleinthousands4,000

6,00002,0008,00010,00012,000China**Pakistan*BangladeshSouthKorea***Australia*10,765.23,372.033,335.21,625.91,457.21,104.7IndonesiaVietnamMalaysia366.34331.2PhilippinesNewZealand**Mongolia310.85169.548.9Cambodia*Afghanistan*31.526.325Description:In2022,approximately3.3millionpeopleinBangladeshhadaMaster'sorequivalentleveldegree.Inthesameyear,Indonesiarecordedaround1.1millionMaster'sdegreeholders.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;Master'sdegreeorequivalentleveldegree;*2021data.

**2020data.

***2023data.?Figureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodology,thesourcestatesthefollowing:

"Theworking-agepopulationiscommonlydefined[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):ILOFemaleworking-agepopulationwithaMaster'sdegreeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountry(in1,000s)NumberoffemaleMaster'sdegreeholdersAPAC2022,bycountryNumberofpeopleinthousands2,000

3,00001,0004,0005,0006,000China**Pakistan*BangladeshAustralia*SouthKorea***IndonesiaPhilippinesVietnam5,270.091,585.091,095.38734.84723.04439.87194.85166.42163.1MalaysiaNewZealand**Mongolia89.231.288.32LaosBrunei6.9126Description:In2022,approximately1.1millionwomeninBangladeshhadaMaster'sorequivalentleveldegree.Thatyear,around440thousandwomeninIndonesiaheldaMaster'sdegree.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;Master'sdegreeorequivalentleveldegree;*2021data.

**2020data.

***2023data.?Figureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodology,thesourcestatesthefollowing:

"Theworking-agepopulationiscommonlydefined[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):ILOMaleworking-agepopulationwithaMaster'sdegreeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountry(in1,000s)NumberofmaleMaster'sdegreeholdersAPAC2022,bycountryNumberofpeopleinthousands01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,000China**BangladeshPakistan*5,495.142,239.291,786.94SouthKorea***Australia*902.81722.31664.82IndonesiaVietnamMalaysia199.93168.1PhilippinesNewZealand**Afghanistan*Cambodia*Mongolia113.9880.326.2225.9617.5927Description:In2022,approximately2.2millionmeninBangladeshhadaMaster'sorequivalentleveldegree.Inthesameyear,Indonesiarecordedaround664thousandmaleMaster'sdegreeholders.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;Master'sdegreeorequivalentleveldegree;*2021data.

**2020data.

***2023data.?Figureshavebeenrounded.

Onitsmethodology,thesourcestatesthefollowing:

"Theworking-agepopulationiscommonlydefined[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):ILOCHAPTER

07Doctor'sdegreeholdersWorking-agepopulationwithaDoctoraldegreeintheAsia-Pacificregionin2022,bycountry(in1,000s)NumberofDoctoraldegreeholdersAPAC2022,bycountryNumberofpeopleinthousands150

200050100250300350400SouthKorea***PhilippinesIndonesiaMalaysia372.8298.3570.9953.251.4BangladeshNewZealand**Vietnam38.435.3933.73Pakistan*MongoliaCambodia*Brunei4.852.341.8Laos1.640.630.24Timor-LesteBhutan29Description:In2022,approximately98.3thousandpeopleinthePhilippineshadaDoctoralorequivalentleveldegree.Inthesameyear,Indonesiarecordedaround70.9thousandDoctoraldegreeholders.

ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2022;Doctoraldegreeorequivalentlevel