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體裁說明文詞數(shù)223限時(shí)10分鐘
ThefollowingaresomeofthecommentsonAlbertoHernandez'slatestblog.
Marianne:15hoursago
Thanks,Alberto.Yourblogisfantasticandsohelpful.IjustwanttosaythatIhaveasuspicionthat
myemployerisplayingBigBrother*.Mybossscansourofficewithvideocameras,keepsalogof
allofficephoneconversations,tracksourlocationwithcellphonesandIDcards,andreadsour
incomingandoutgoinge-mail.Ithinkthissupervisionhasgonetoofarandisoutsidetherangeof
aresponsiblebusiness.
Marcel:12hoursago
Inmycompany,we'reforcedtotakedrugtestswhetherwelikeitornot,withoutwarning,andfor
nogoodreason.Inthissuspiciousatmosphere,it'simpossibletohaveasenseofprideanddignity
inmywork.Ican'tunderstandwhat'sdrivingthisincreaseinemployeemonitoring.
Robert:6hoursago
Idon'tagreewithMarcelandMarianne.There'snothingharmfulaboutthesemonitoringpractices.
Asanemployer,Ihavetherighttoknowhowmyemployeesareusingtheirtime.Ontopofthat,I
usevideocamerasonlytopreventtheft.AndIcheckemployeee-mailtowatchforanyinsulting
languageorracism.Comeon-youknowit'sonlyfortheemployee'sprotection.
*BigBrother:areferencetoGeorgeOrwelTsnovel1984,inwhichanall-powerfulgovernment
controlledthemindsandbehaviorofitscitizens
1.InMarianne'sopinion,herbossis.
A.afantasticandhelpfulperson
B.tryingtorestricttheirbehavior
C.anirresponsibleperson
D.tryingtoknowthembetter
2.HowdoesMarcelmostprobablyfeelinhiscompany?
A.Thrilled.
B.Proud.
C.Disrespected.
D.Unsuccessful.
3.Fromthecommentswecanconcludethatmustbeanemployer.
A.Alberto
B.Marianne
C.Marcel
D.Robert
4.WhatmightbethetopicofAlbertoHernandez'slatestblog?
A.Workplaceprivacy.
B.Managementskills.
C.Employmentstatus.
D.Informationsources.
體裁說明文詞數(shù)407限時(shí)9分鐘
AmericansmayhavemadesomechangesinthewaytheycelebrateChristmasovertheyears,but
someimportanttraditions—likefriendsandfamily—remainthesame.AccordingtoaPewResearch
Centersurveyconductedamongarepresentativesampleof2,001adultsnationwide,9outofevery
10AmericanscelebrateChristmas.
However,onlyaroundhalfofthosewhocelebrateChristmasviewitasareligiousholiday,while
one-thirdseeitasaculturalcelebration,ratherthanoneoffaith.Religionisfarlesscentraltoyoung
people'sobservancesofChristmas,thesurveyfound,withonly39percentofthoseaged18-29
viewingitasareligiousholiday,comparedto66percentofthoseaged65andolder.
InanattempttoexplorethechangingnatureofChristmastraditions,thePewsurveyalsoaskedits
adultparticipantshowtheyremembercelebratingtheholidayaschildren,comparedtothewaythey
celebrateitnow.Awhopping86percentsaidtheyplantocelebrateChristmaswithfamilyand
friends,andthesamepercentagesaytheyplantogivegiftstofriendsandfamily.Around9in10
adultssaidtheseactivitieswerepartoftheirholidaytraditionswhentheywerechildren.According
tothesurvey,8outofevery10AmericansplantoputupaChristmastreethisyear,comparedto92
percentwhosaidtheytypicallyputupaChristmastreewhentheywerechildren.
Otherholidaytraditionsrememberedfromchildhooddidn'tfareaswell,however.While81percent
ofthosesurveyedsaidtheirfamiliestypicallysentholidaycardsduringtheirchildhood,only65
percentsaidtheyplannedtodosothisyear.Only16percentsaidtheywouldgocaroling(唱圣誕
頌歌),comparedto36percentwhosaidtheycaroledduringtheirchildhood.
ThePewsurveyfoundthatreligiousandnon-religiousAmericansarerelativelysimilarintheir
celebrationsofChristmas,andthatbothculturalandreligiousobserverswerejustaslikelytogather
withfamily,exchangegiftsandtakepartinanotherpopularChristmastradition—SantaClaus.
AmongtheadultssurveyedwhohaveachildbelievinginSantaClaus,69percentsaidtheyplanto
pretendthatSantavisitstheirhouseonChristmasEvethisyear.Perhapsmoresurprisingly,18
percentofparentswhosechildrendonotbelieveinSantawillstillpretendtogetavisitfromthe
jollybeardedfellowthisChristmas,andsowill22percentofadultswhoarenotparentsorguardians
ofanychildren.
1.ThemainideaofParagraph3canbebestconcludedas
A.mostAmericanfamilieswillbuyChristmastrees
B.mostAmericanswanttocelebrateChristmaswiththeirfamilies
C.fewAmericanswanttocelebrateChristmaswiththeirfamilies
D.AmericansgenerallycelebrateChristmasthesamewaytheydidbefore
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutChristmas?
A.SantaClausremainsapopularholidayicon.
B.ReligiousobserversexchangegiftsatChristmas.
C.Carolingisbecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays.
D.Itisviewedmoreasaculturalholidaythanareligiousone.
3.45Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthorimply?
A.Non-ChristiansarenotencouragedtoobserveChristmas.
B.SomechildlessadultsstillpretendthatSantaexists.
C.ItisimportanttocelebrateChristmaswithfamilyandfriends.
D.ThePewsurveyexploredhowChristmastraditionshavechangedovertime.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ChristmasTraditions,PastandPresent.
B.HowAmericansCelebrateChristmas.
C.HowChristmasTraditionsHaveChanged.
D.WhyAmericansCelebrateChristmas.
體裁說明文詞數(shù)405限時(shí)8分鐘
SurprisesintheWildlifePark
DisneylandHalfMarathonWeekendpresentedbyCigna
Date:September6,2015(Sunday)
Start/Finish:DisneylandResort
Theme:Celebratethe10thAnniversaryoftheHappiestRaceonEarth!
It'sthemomentyou'vebeentrainingfbr.Your13.1-milerunonamagicalcourseintheHappiest
RaceonEarthtakesyouthroughDisneyCaliforniaAdventureParkalongthelegendaryMainStreet,
U.S.A.InDisneylandPark,andthenontothestreetsofAnaheim,you'llcompleteyourDisneyland
HalfMarathonracewithanexcitingfinishneartheDisneylandHotel.Italladdsuptomilesof
smiles,unforgettablememories,andaperfectendingtoamagicalDisneylandvisit.
HighlightsoftheTimedHalfMarathonrace:
13.1-milecoursethroughDisneylandResortandtheCityofAnaheim,California
Disneycharactersandentertainmentoncourse
FamilyReunionAreawithliveentertainmentandcharactersatthefinishline
RacewithinwalkingdistancewhenyoustayataDisneylandResortHotel
EventtransportationincludedwhenyoustayatselectAnaheimAreaHotels
Participantsreceive:
Championshort-sleevedtechshirtinWomen'sorMen'sCut*
HalfMarathonFinisherMedal*
Officialdigitaleventguide*
IGiftBag
Personalizedbib(MustregisterbeforeJune2,2015fornametoappearonbib)*
On-courseandpost-racerefreshments
ChronoTrackB-tagtimedracewithliverunnertrackingsignupforfriendsandfamily
Personalizedresultswebsiteandfinishercertificate
Tocompete,youmustbe14yearsofageorolderandabletocompletetheHalfMarathoninthree
andahalfhoursorless.
ToreceivetheDumboDoubleDareFinisherMedal,youmustregisterfortheDumboDoubleDare.
Registeringforthe10KandHalfMarathonindividuallywillnotmakeyoueligible(有資格的)to
receivetheDumboDoubleDareFinisherMedal.
Dates,times,pricesandinclusionsaresubjecttochange.Allracesaresubjecttocapacitylimitsand
maycloseatanytimebeforethepercentagecanbeupdated.Registrationsarenon-refundableand
non-transferable.Disneyreservestherighttorefusetheentryinto,and/orrevokeanyregistration
for,anyraceforanyreasonatitssolediscretionwithrefundofanyapplicableregistrationfeesbeing
thesoleremedyofanysuchrefusaland/orrevocation.
*Note:ParticipantsmustattendPacketPick-upattheDisneyHealth&FitnessExpotoreceivetheir
racepacket,bib,andtechshirt.Finishermedalswillbedistributedtofinishersduringtherace.None
oftheseitemswillbemailedtoregistrants.
1.YoucanfindallthefollowinginformationEXCEPTinthepassage.
A.thecoursedescriptionoftheHalfMarathon
B.thedistanceoftheHalfMarathon
C.theentryfeeoftheHalfMarathon
D.thetimelimitsofthecompletionoftheHalfMarathon
2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhoeverrunstheHalfMarathoncanget
A.theDumboDoubleDareFinisherMedal
B.aHalfMarathonFinisherMedal
C.apersonalizedbib
D.aniGiftbag
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.TheHalfMarathonraceisopentoallthecitizens.
B.ParticipantsmustbeabletocovertheHalfMarathonwithin3.5hours.
C.RegisteringfortheHalfMarathonindividuallywillenableyoutoreceivetheDumboDouble
DareFinisherMedal.
D.TheHalfMarathonisboundtostartontime.
4.Wherewasthispassageprobablytakenfrom?
A.Ahandbookofthemarathon.
B.TheofficialwebsiteofDisney.
C.Theadvertisementsectioninanewspaper.
D.Asportsmagazine.
體裁說明文詞數(shù)371限時(shí)9分鐘
(A)
WilliamCarysaidhe'slearnedtoappreciatesmallvictorieswithhis17-year-oldsonBen,whohas
autismanddoesn'tspeak,soCarychokedupwhiledescribinghowproudhewaswhenBenbuttoned
hispantsfortheveryfirsttimeaftergoingtothebathroom.ButonevictorythatBenachievedlong
agowassurfing.Sincetheageof6,hehasbeenparticipatinginSurfersHealingsurfcampsfor
childrenwithautism.
TheannualeventreturnedrecentlytoTourmalineSurfParkinCalifornia.Morethan150children
tookturnsridingthewaveswith15professionalsurfers,aswellasasmallarmyofvolunteers.Ben
couldhardlywaittogetinthewaterwithsurferGraham.Withinminutesofhittingthesand,Ben
clamberedontoalongboardandGrahamgentlypushedhimoutintothethigh-highsurf.Graham,
whohasan11-year-oldsonwithautism,saidhe'sseenfirsthandhowchildrenimmediately
transformwhenthey'rerollingintheoceanwaves.
SurfersHealingwasstarted20yearsagobysurferIzzyPaskowitzandhiswife,Danielle.Oneday
whileinHawaii,theirsonIsaiahhadameltdown(情緒失控)onthebeachandIzzytriedtodistract
theboybytossinghimintothewaves.Suddenly,theboy'sangerwasreplacedbysmilesandwonder,
andSurfersHealingwasborn.Eachyear,thefoundationhosts25campsaroundtheworldserving
morethan5,000autisticchildren,ranginginagefrom3totheirmid-20s.Abouthalfofthegroup
participatingrecentlywerenewtothesport.
Paskowitzsaidtheoceanhasahealingpoweronpeoplewithautism.Therhythmofthewavescalms
them,andthesounds,sights,texturesandtemperaturescreatesuchasensoryoverloadthatitforces
themindtofocus.Manyofthechildrenarrivingatthebeachinitiallycoveredtheirearsfromthe
crashofthewaves,butgraduallythesesensitivitiesdisappeared.Oneteencamperwhotraveled
withhermomfromArizonawouldn'tgetoutofthecarformorethananhour.Finallyshewas
coaxedtotakeabrief10-minuterideintheknee-highwavesonabodyboard.Asshereturnedto
shore,avolunteerawardedherasmalltrophyforparticipation.
1.WhatismostprobablythereasonwhyCarychokedup?
A.Hewasproudthathissonwasagoodsurfer.
B.Heachievedasmallvictory.
C.Hetookprideinhissonwithautismlearningtotakecareofhimself.
D.Hewastoosurprisedtoseehissonwithautismbuttonhispants.
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?
A.Benhassufferedfromautismsincehewas6.
B.165personstookpartinthesurfingactivityinTourmalineSurfPark.
C.Autisticchildrenusuallyrangeinagefrom3totheirmid-20s.
D.Surfingissostimulatingtooursensorsthatitforcesautisticchildrentofocus.
3.HowdidSurfersHealingcomeintobeing?
A.Itwasinitiated20yearsagobyafoundation.
B.AboywentcrazyonthebeachinHawaii2decadesago.
C.SurferIzzyandhiswifefoundthehealingeffectsofsurfingonautisticchildren20yearsago.
D.Izzy'ssonwascuredofautismbysurfing2decadesago.
4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.FromChaostoPeace
B.SurfingWashesAwayAutismSymptoms
C.TheSurfers5Club
D.TransformingPowersofSurfing
體裁說明文詞數(shù)543限時(shí)7分鐘
WhatisAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD)?
AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD)isoneofthemostcommonchildhooddisorders
andcancontinuethroughadolescenceandadulthood.Symptomsincludedifficultystayingfocused
andpayingattention,difficultycontrollingbehavior,andover-activity.
ADHDhas由reesubtypes:
1.Predominantlyhyperactive-impulsive
?Mostsymptoms(sixormore)areinthehyperactivity-impulsivitycategoriesandfewerthansix
symptomsofinattentionarepresent,althoughinattentionmaystillbepresenttosomedegree.
2.Predominantlyinattentive
?Themajorityofsymptoms(sixormore)areintheinattentioncategoryandfewerthansix
symptomsofhyperactivity-impulsivityarepresent,althoughhyperactivity-impulsivitymaystillbe
presenttosomedegree.
3.Combinedhyperactive-impulsiveandinattentive
?Sixormoresymptomsofinattentionandsixormoresymptomsofhyperactivity-impulsivityare
present.
?MostchildrenhavethecombinedtypeofADHD.
Possiblecauses:
1.Genes.ResultsfromseveralinternationalstudiesoftwinsshowthatADHDoftenrunsinfamilies.
Researchersarelookingatseveralgenesthatmaymakepeoplemorelikelytodevelopthedisorder.
Knowingthegenesinvolvedmayonedayhelpresearcherspreventthedisorderbeforesymptoms
develop.Learningaboutspecificgenescouldalsoleadtobettertreatments.
2.Environmentalfactors.Studiessuggestapotentiallinkbetweensmokingandalcoholuseduring
pregnancy(孕期)andADHDinchildren.Inaddition,preschoolerswhoareexposedtohighlevels
oflead(鉛)mayhaveahigherriskofdevelopingADHD.
3.Foodadditives.RecentBritishresearchindicatesapossiblelinkbetweenanincreaseinactivity
andconsumptionofcertainfoodadditiveslikeartificialcolorsorpreservatives.Researchisunder
waytoconfirmthefindingsandtolearnmoreabouthowfoodadditivesmayaffecthyperactivity.
Signs&symptoms:
Inattention,hyperactivityandimpulsivityarethekeybehaviorsofADHD.Tobediagnosedwith
thedisorder,achildmusthavesymptomsforsixormoremonthsandtoadegreethatisgreaterthan
otherchildrenofthesameage.
Childrenwhohavesymptomsofinattentionmay:
?Beeasilydistracted,missdetails,forgetthingsandfrequentlyswitchfromoneactivitytoanother.
?Becomeboredwithataskafteronlyafewminutes,unlesstheyaredoingsomethingenjoyable.
?Havedifficultyfocusingattentiononcompletingataskorlearningsomethingnew.
?Notseemtolistenwhenspokento.
Childrenwhohavesymptomsofhyperactivitymay:
?Talknonstop.
?Dasharound,touchingorplayingwithanythingandeverythinginsight.
?Havetroublesittingstillduringdinner,schoolandstorytime.
?Havedifficultydoingquiettasksoractivities.
Childrenwhohavesymptomsofimpulsivitymay:
?Beveryimpatient.
?Actwithoutregardforconsequences.
?Havedifficultywaitingforthingstheywant.
?Ofteninterruptconversationsorothers'activities.
ADHDcanbemistakenforotherproblems
Parentsandteacherscanmissthefactthatchildrenwithsymptomsofinattentionhavethedisorder
becausetheyareoftenquietandlesslikelytoactout.Theymaygetalongwellwithotherchildren,
comparedwiththosewiththeothersubtypes,whotendtohavesocialproblems.Butchildrenwith
theinattentivekindofADHDarenottheonlyoneswhosedisorderscanbemissed.Forexample,
adultsmaythinkthatchildrenwiththehyperactiveandimpulsivesubtypesjusthaveemotionalor
disciplinaryproblems.
1.Ifakidshowssixsymptomsofinattentionandsevensymptomsofhyperactivity-impulsivity,
whichofthesubtypesofADHDdoeshebelongto?
A.Predominantlyhyperactive-impulsive.
B.Predominantlyinattentive.
C.Combinedhyperactive-impulsiveandinattentive.
D.Cannotbediagnosedbydoctors.
2.WhichofthefollowingcausesofADHDhasbeenconfirmedbyscientificresearch?
A.Genes.
B.Smokingduringpregnancy.
C.Foodadditives.
D.Exposuretohighlevelsoflead.
3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.KidswhohavesymptomsofADHDformorethanfourmonthscanbediagnosedwithADHD.
B.Thehyperactiveandimpulsivesubtypestendtobemistakenforemotionalordisciplinary
problems.
C.Oneofthesymptomsofinattentionisthatkidsbecometiredofataskeasilyeveniftheyare
doingsomethingenjoyable.
D.ItisclaimedthatartificialcolorsandpreservativeshavenothingtodowithADHD.
4.Whatisthetoneofthepassage?
A.Sympathetic.
B.Subjective.
C.Critical.
D.Objective.
體裁說明文詞數(shù)514限時(shí)11分鐘
Thefifth-gradersatDenver's(科羅拉多州丹佛市)ThomasA.EdisonElementarySchoolsitina
circlewiththeirprincipalForestFransen.Placinganemptysodabottleonthefloor,Fransenandthe
kidsspin(旋轉(zhuǎn))ittochoosetheorderofchildrenwhowill44tellaboutthemselves.^^Afterafew
embarrassedgiggles,aboynamedPaulsays,UIliketogofishingalot.Therearesixinmyfamily
andtwoarebabies.Thafsall."AnotherboyDonrevealsthat"I'vegotasisterinjuniorhigh;Ihad
anothersister,butshehadcancer.,,Thechildrenarefidgetlessandfascinated.Finally,thebottle
pointstoFransen,whotellsofhisprideinafatherwhocamefromSwedentohomesteadinasod
house(草皮屋).
Sogoesthefirstclassin"emotionalskills,“anewcoursethathasspreadtoseveraldozenpublic
andprivateschoolsincitiesfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Increasingnumbersofstatesare
arrangingsomeformofclassroominstructionformentalhealthtohelpchildrenforestall(預(yù)先阻
止)theemotionalscarsthatleadtodrugabuse(濫用藥物)anddelinquency(青少年犯罪),etc.
Foronefifth-gradelesson,theteacherbreedsjealousybyrepeatedlychoosingthesamebright,
attractiveyoungstertodoblackboardwork.Whenthechildbalksat(回避)thisfavoritism,the
teacherrevealshertrick,andthentriestoleadthestudentstoadmitthattheyfeeljealous."It's
importantthatnoonefeelsheisstrangeorevilifheisjealousfromtimetotime.Byadmitting
jealousyandtalkingaboutit,childrenarelesslikelytoactouttheiraggressivefeelings.^^
AtfourschoolsinColoradoSprings(科羅拉多州斯普林斯市),wherethecourseshavebeentaught
forthepasttwoyears,abouthalftheparentssaytheirchildrenhavebecomemorewillingtodiscuss
theirproblems."Before,mydaughterjustthrewasaidonemother."Now,sheisreportedto
havefewerdisciplineproblems."Socialworkerssaytheygetmore"self-referral(自我轉(zhuǎn)診的)kids
withproblemstheysensetheycan'thandlealone/'Amongthefewcriticisms,oneparentsaidthat
“theseattitudesandinsightsaretrainingIwouldratherhavemychildreceiveathome.^^
Despitethisseemingsuccess,nooneisyetsurehowmuchofthekids9improvementisduetonormal
growingupormerelytheextraattentiontheygetinthecourse.NotingthattheColoradoteachers
havebeentrainedinspecialseminars(研討會(huì)),criticsalsofearthatuntrainedorinsecureteachers
couldeasilyconfusethekidstheyaretryingtohelp.
Emotional-skillscoursesareobviouslywell-intentionedeffortstoforestallcriticalsocialproblems.
Asthecoursesspread,though,mistakesseeminevitable.Thus,sharpquestionsarelikelytobe
raisedaboutwhetherthoseeffortsarepointedintherightdirection.
1.Whatisthenewcourseaimedat?
A.Healingchildrenwhohaveemotionalscars.
B.Stoppingchildrenfromactingoutaggressivefeelings.
C.Helpingchildrenwhorefusedtointeractwithparents.
D.Improvingchildren'sacademicperformanceinschool.
2.Whatdoesthephrase“threwafit"inParagraph4mean?
A.Feltatease.
B.Remainedsilent.
C.Showedoff.
D.Gotoffended.
3.Wecaninferallthefollowingfromthepassageexceptthat
A.childrendonottendtoexpresstheirjealousy
B.“tellingaboutthemselves,,appealstostudents
C.mostparentssaytheirchildrenbehavebetterafterthecourse
D.emotionalskillsmaybedevelopedasstudentsgrowup
4.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetothenewcourse?
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.WoiTied.
D.Indifferent.
體裁說明文詞數(shù)344限時(shí)8分鐘
Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltests,whicharewidelyusedinselecting,assigning
orpromotingstudents,employeesandmilitarypersonnel,havebeenthetargetofrecentattacksin
books,magazines,thedailypressandevenincongress.
Thetargetiswrong,forinattackingthetests,criticsdivert(轉(zhuǎn)移)attentionfromthefaultthatlies
withill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristics
thatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedcondition.Whethertheresultswill
bevaluable,meaninglessorevenmisleadingdependsonlypartlyuponthetools;moresouponthe
user.
Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpast
performance.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidated(證實(shí))bylaterperformancedependsupon
theamount,reliabilityandappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwith
whichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationavailableis
alwaysincompleteandthatthepredictionsarealwayssubjecttoerror.
Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext:Theyprovideaquick,objectivemethodof
gettingsomekindofinformationaboutwhatapersonhaslearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,or
thekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhas,qualitatively,thesameadvantagesand
shortcomingsasotherkindsofinformation.
Therefore,whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orboth,inaparticularsituationdepends
upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidity(正確,性),anduponfactors
suchascostandavailability.
Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostprecisely
defined(forexample,abilitytodowellinaparticularcourseoftrainingprograms)andleast
effectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined(forexample,
personalityorcreativity).Properlyused,standardizedtestsprovidearapidmeansofgetting
comparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimes,theyidentifystudentswhosegreat
potentialhasnotbeenpreviouslyrecognized.
1.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstandardizedtestsis
A.critical
B.vague
C.mixed
D.positive
2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Standardizedtestsshouldnolongerbeused.
B.Standardizedtestscanaccuratelyrevealtestees5abilities.
C.Thevalueofstandardizedtestsliesintheirproperinterpretation.
D.Specialmethodsmustbeappliedtointerpretingtheresultsofstandardizedtests.
3.Accordingtothepassage,aninformedprediction
A.cansurelybevalidatedbylaterperformance
B.isbasedonabundantandthemostreliableinformation
C.canturnouttobewrongjustlikeotherpredictions
D.doesn'trequireanyinterpretation
4.Accordingtothepassage,standardizedtestsworkmosteffectivelywhen
A.theobjectivestobemeasuredaremostpreciselydefined
B.theuserknowshowtointerprettheresultsinadvance
C.thepersonswhotakethetestsareintelligentorskillful
D.theymeasurethepersonalityorcreativityofthetestees
體裁說明文詞數(shù)338限時(shí)10分鐘
(C)
Asidefromperpetuating(使永久)itself,thesolepurposeoftheAmericanAcademyandInstitute
ofArtsandLettersisto"encourage,assistandsustainaninterest“inliterature,musicandart.It
doesthisbyenthusiasticallyhandingoutmoney.Annualcashawardsaregiventodeservingartists
invariouscategoriesofcreativity:archithecture,musicalcomposition,theater,novels,poetry,
paintingandsculpture.Oneawardsubsidizes(資助)apromisingAmericanwriter'svisittoRome.
Thereisevenanawardforaverygoodworkoffictionthatfailedcommercially.Theawardsand
prizestotalabout$750,000ayear,butmostofthemrangefrom$5,000to$12,500,awelcomesum
tomanyyoungpractitioners(從業(yè)者)whoseworkmaynotbringinthatmuchmoneyinayear.One
oftheadvantagesoftheawardsisthatmanygotothestrugglingartists,ratherthantothosewho
arealreadysuccessful.
MembersoftheAcademyandInstitutearenoteligibleforanycashprizes.Anotheradvantageis
that,unlikeothersimilarinstitutionsthroughouttheworld,thereisnogovernmentmoneyinvolved.
Awardsaremadebycommittees.Eachofthethreedepartments—Literature,ArtandMusic-hasa
committeedealingwithitsownfield.Committeemembershiprotateseveryyear,sothatnewvoices
andopinionsareconstantlyheard.
ThemostfinanciallyrewardingofalltheAcademy-InstituteawardsaretheMildredandHarold
StraussLivings.HaroldStrauss,adevotededitoratAlfredA.Knopf,aNewYorkpublishinghouse,
andMildredStrauss,hiswife,werewealthyandchildless.TheylefttheAcademy-Instituteaunique
bequest:Forfiveconsecutiveyears,twodistinguished(andfinanciallyneedy)writerswouldreceive
enoughmoneysotheycoulddevotethemselvesentirelyto“l(fā)iterature."In1983,thefirstStrauss
Livingsof$35,000ayearwenttoshort-storywriterRaymondCarverandnovelist-essayistCynthia
Ozick.By1988,thefundhadgrownenoughsothattwowinners,novelistsDianeJohnsonand
RobertStone,eachgot$50,000ayearforfiveyears.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Award-winningworksofliterature.
B.Anorganizationthatsupportsthearts.
C.Anintroductionofsomeawardsinliterature.
D.Publicpatronsofthearts.
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.HaroldStraussandhiswifebothearnedagoodlivingaseditors.
B.RaymondCarverearnedhislivingbywritingshortstories.
C.ThemoneydevotedbyHaroldStraussandh
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