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[模擬]職稱英語綜合類B級(jí)模擬86
詞匯選項(xiàng)下面共有15個(gè)句子,每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語帶有
括號(hào)或下劃線,請(qǐng)從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與括號(hào)
里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。
第1題:
Thechemicalis<u>deadly</u>toratsbutsafetocattle.
A.fatal
B.hateful
C.good
D.useful
參考答案:A
句意為:這種化學(xué)藥品對(duì)老鼠是致命的但對(duì)牛是安全的。畫線單詞deadly意為
“致命的"。fatal意為“致命的";hateful意為“可恨的";good意為“好
的";useful意為“有用的”。根據(jù)畫線單詞意思,只有fatal與其同義,可進(jìn)
行替換。因此A項(xiàng)正確。
第2題:
It'simpoliteto<u>cutin</u>whentwopersonsareholdinga
conversation.
A.leave
B.talkloudly
C.standup
D.interrupt
參考答案:D
句意為:兩個(gè)人在進(jìn)行談話時(shí),插嘴是不禮貌的。畫線短語cutin意為“插嘴”o
leave意為“離開”;talkloudly意為“大聲說話”;standup意為“起立”;
interrupt意為"插嘴”。根據(jù)畫線單詞意思,只有interrupt與其同義,可進(jìn)行
替換。因此D項(xiàng)正確。
第3題:
Thecommittee<u>comprises</u>fivepersons.
A.absorbs
B.concerns
C.excludes
D.involves
參考答案:D
句意為:委員會(huì)由五個(gè)人組成。畫線單詞comprise意為“包含,由……組成”。
absorb意為“吸收";concern意為“關(guān)注";exclude意為“排除";involve
意為“包含”。根據(jù)畫線單詞意思,只有involve與其同義,可進(jìn)行替換。因此D
項(xiàng)正確。
第4題:
Some<u>desirable</u>changeshavetakenplaceinthistown.
A.identical
B.uncertain
C.frequent
D.satisfactory
參考答案:D
句意為:這個(gè)城市發(fā)生了一些令人滿意的變化。desirable意為“令人滿意的,
可取的",與satisfactory(令人滿意的,符合要求的)意思相近。identical意
為“相同的";uncertain意為“不確定的";frequenlt意為“頻繁的”。
第5題:
Whatwerethe<u>consequences</u>ofthedecisionshehadmade?
A.reasons
B.results
C.causes
D.bases
參考答案:B
句意為:她做出這個(gè)決定的后果是什么?consequence意為“結(jié)果,后果”,與
result(結(jié)果)意思相近。reason意為"原因";cause意為“原因";base意
為“基礎(chǔ)”。因此選B項(xiàng)。
第6題:
Theinterviewtookplacearoundthekitchentableandwasvery
<u>casual</u>.
A.formal
B.informal
C.regular
D.irregular
參考答案:B
句意為:采訪是在餐桌旁邊進(jìn)行的,很隨意。備選項(xiàng)A和B,C和D從詞形上看都
分別構(gòu)成正反義詞。句子中前面部分的內(nèi)容說“采訪是在餐桌旁進(jìn)行”,因此推
斷該采訪應(yīng)該是“非正式的",所以答案是Boregular:規(guī)則的、定期的。
irregular:不規(guī)則的;非定期的。
第7題:
His<u>motive</u>incomingwastofindoutthetruth.
A.reasons
B.arguments
C.targets
D.stimuli
參考答案:A
句意為:他來的動(dòng)機(jī)是想查明真相。motive意為“動(dòng)機(jī)”;reason意為“理由”;
argument意為“論據(jù)";target意為“目標(biāo)”;stimuli意為“刺激”。顯然A
符合題意。
第8題:
Thegirlis<u>gazing</u>atherselfinthemirror.
A.staring
B.laughing
C.shouting
D.smiling
參考答案:A
句意為:這個(gè)女孩正在凝視著鏡子中的自己。gazeat意為"凝視";stareat
意為“凝視”。二者意思相近,都需要與介詞at連用,可以用staringat替換
gazingatolaughat意為"嘲笑";shoutat意為“對(duì)大聲吆喝";smile
at意為“看著……微笑”。
第9題:
Thechild"s<u>abnormal</u>behaviorpuzzledthedoctor.
A.funny
B.frightening
C.repeated
D.unusual
參考答案:D
句意為:這個(gè)孩子反常的行為讓大夫感到迷惑不解。abnormal意為“不正常的,
變態(tài)的",與unusual意思相近,因此D項(xiàng)正確。funny意為"好笑的";frightening
意為“嚇人的":repeated意為“重復(fù)的”。
第10題:
Thepriceofvegetables<u>varies</u>accordingtotheweather.
A.jumps
B.rises
C.falls
D.changes
參考答案:D
句意為:蔬菜的價(jià)格隨季節(jié)變化而變化。vary意為“變化,有所不同”,與change
意思相同。因此選D項(xiàng)。
第11題:
<u>Uptonow</u>,theworkhasbeeneasy.
A.So
B.Solong
C.Sothat
D.Sofar
參考答案:D
句意為:到目前為止,工作很容易。畫線短語uptonow意為“到目前為止”。
so意為“于是";solong意為“好久”;sothat意為“所以";sofar意為
“到目前為止”。根據(jù)畫線單詞意思,只有sofar與其同義,可進(jìn)行替換。因此
D項(xiàng)正確。
第12題:
<u>While</u>wedon'tagree,wecontinuetobefriends.
A.Because
B.Where
C.Although
D.Whatever
參考答案:C
句意為:雖然我們意見不統(tǒng)一,我們依然是朋友。畫線單詞while意為“雖然”。
because意為“因?yàn)?;where意為"哪里";although意為“雖然”;whatever
意為“不管什么樣的”。根據(jù)畫線單詞意思,只有although與畫線單詞同義,可
進(jìn)行替換。因此C項(xiàng)正確。
第13題:
He<u>collapsed</u>followingavigorousexercisesessionathishome.
A.brokedown
B.felldown
C.comedown
D.wentdown
參考答案:B
句意為:在家做了一陣劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)后,他突然昏倒了。collapse意為“病倒,崩潰”
與falldown“倒下”是近義詞,因此答案為Bobreakdown意為“壓倒,停頓”;
comedown意為“下來,流傳下來";godown意為“下沉,墜落,下降”。
第14題:
Universitiesusuallygivediplomasorcertificatestostudentswho
completecourserequirements<u>adequately</u>.
A.responsibly
B.sufficiently
C.patiently
D.successfully
參考答案:B
句意為:大學(xué)將給已經(jīng)圓滿地完成了課程學(xué)習(xí)要求的學(xué)生頒發(fā)文憑或證書。
adequate意為“適當(dāng)?shù)模銐虻摹埃撛~在含義上與sufficient"充分的,足夠
的“接近,因此它們分別對(duì)應(yīng)的副詞adequately和sufficiently也是一組近義
詞,因此答案為Boresponsibly意為“有責(zé)任地,可靠地”;patiently意為“有
耐心地”;successfully意為“成功地,順利地”。
第15題:
Mary<u>calledmeup</u>verylatelastnight.
A.praisedme
B.visitedme
C.telephonedme
D.wakedme
參考答案:C
句意為:瑪麗昨晚給我打電話的時(shí)候已經(jīng)很晚了。callup意為“打電話給(某
人)”,因此C項(xiàng)telepllonedme“打電話給我”是答案。praise意為“贊揚(yáng)”,
visit意為“拜訪",wake意為“叫醒”。
閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后列出7個(gè)句子,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短
文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。
CommunicationwithCustomersOnline
Untilthelate1940s,whentelevisionbeganfindingitswayinto
Americanhomes,companiesreliedmainlyonprintandradiotopromotetheir
productsandservices.Theadvent(出現(xiàn))oftelevisionbroughtabouta
revolutioninpromotingproductsandservices.Between1949and1951,
advertisingontelevisiongrew960percent.TodaytheInternetisonce
againtransformingpromotion.Bygoingonline,companiescancommunicate
instantlyanddirectlywithprospectivecustomers.PromotionontheWorld
WideWebincludesadvertising,sponsorshipsandsalespromotionslike
contestsandcoupons.In1996,WorldWideWebadvertisingrevenuesreached
$300million.
Effectiveonlinemarketersdonotmerelytransferhard-copyads
(平面廣告)tocyberspace.Successfulsitesblendpromotionaland
non-promotionalinformation,indirectlydeliveringtheadvertising
messages.Toencouragevisitstotheirsitesandtocreateandcultivate
customers'loyalty,companieschangeinformationfrequentlyandprovide
manyopportunitiesforinteraction.
OneofthebestonlinepromotionwebsitesistheRaguWeb
site.Herevisitorscanfindthirty-sixpastarecipes,takeItalian
lessons,andviewanItalianfilmfestival,buttheywillfindno
traditionalads.Sosubtleisthemixofproductandpromotionthat
visitorshardlyknowanadvertisingmessagehasbeendelivered:SEGAof
America,makerofcomputergamesandhardware,usesitsWebsitefora
varietyofdifferentpromotions,suchasintroducingnewgamecharacters
tothepublicandsupplyingWebsurferstheopportunitytodownload
games.SEGA'shomepageaverages250,000visitsaday.Toheighteninterest
inthesite,SEGAboughtanadvertisingbanneronNetscape,thereby
increasingsitevisitsby15percent.OnlineparticipantsinQuakerOats
‘Gato-radepromotionreceivedafreeT-shirtinexchangeforanswering
afewquestions.QuakerOatsreportsthattheonlinepromotioncreated
productloyaltyandhelpedthecompanyknowitscustomersbetter.
Now,totargetspecificInternetusers,anincreasingnumber
ofcompaniesareusing"push"technologywhichautomaticallydelivers
customized(按客戶要求創(chuàng)造的)newsandotherinformationtoUsersr
computerswhentheylogontotheInternet.Althoughorganizationslike
NielsenMediaResearcharedevelopingtechnologiestoenhanceaudience
measurementandtracking,itremainsdifficulttoassesshowmanytimes
thesamepersonlooksatanadandwhothatpersonis.Althoughonline
promotionscanbeglamorousandsophisticated,theyarenotperfect.For
awell-designedmarketingmix,industryexpertsadvisecompaniestouse
theInternetasasupplementtootheradvertisingmedia.
第16題:
Internet,liketelevision,hasbroughtgreatchangestothepromotionof
productsandservices.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:A
本題提到了兩方面的信息、,一方面說電視曾經(jīng)使產(chǎn)品宣傳方式發(fā)生了很大變化,
另一方面說互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)也使產(chǎn)品宣傳方式發(fā)生巨大變化。文章中第一段提到:
“TodaytheInternetisonceagaintransformingpromotion.”由這句話可
以看出電視和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)都使得傳統(tǒng)宣傳方式發(fā)生了很大變化。
第17題:
In1996,theRaguWebsiteearned5milliondollarsfromadvertisement.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:c
文章第一段只提到了萬維網(wǎng)在96年的廣告收入是3億美元,其他地方再?zèng)]有出現(xiàn)
關(guān)于廣告收入的問題。
第18題:
Inordertoencouragevisits,companiesalwaysusehard-copy
advertisements.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:B
文章第二段第一句話就提到:"Effectiveonlinemarketersdonotmerely
transferhardcopyadstocvberspace.??這說明僅僅使用平面廣告將信息直
接傳遞給消費(fèi)者這一形式是不能達(dá)到最佳宣傳效果的O從文章第二段末可以得出,
為了提高點(diǎn)擊率,各家企業(yè)一般會(huì)不斷更新產(chǎn)品信息并提供許多互動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。
第19題:
Netscapeisaninfluentialwebsitewhichisvisitedbymillionsofpeople.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:A
文章中第三段提到:"Toheighteninterestinthesite,SEGAboughtan
advertisingbanneronNetscape,therebyincreasingsitevisitsby15
percent."由此我們可以推斷此網(wǎng)景是一家非常有影響力的網(wǎng)站,瀏覽網(wǎng)景網(wǎng)頁
的人們看到SEGA的廣告有些就會(huì)進(jìn)一步登陸其網(wǎng)站,這樣就為SEGA多帶來15%
的訪問者。
第20題:
Nowadays,withadvancedtechnology,advertisementscanbesenttoeach
Internetuserdirectly.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:A
文章第四段中提到了“push”technology,這一技術(shù)就是指網(wǎng)民一旦上網(wǎng),公司就
會(huì)將特定的資訊和其他的信息自動(dòng)地發(fā)送到他們的電腦中。
第21題:
Besidespastarecipes,theRaguWebalsosells36kindsofpasta.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:c
文章在第三段中提到通過瑞谷網(wǎng),人們能看到36種意大利面的制作方法,但并沒
有提到瑞谷網(wǎng)賣36種意大利面。
第22題:
Accordingtoexperts'opinion,onlinepromotionshouldbereplacedbynew
ways.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
參考答案:B
文章最后一句提至!J:uExpertsadvisecompaniestousetheInternetasa
supplementtootheradvertisingmedia.”專家們只是建議應(yīng)該將在線推廣作
為宣傳的一種有力補(bǔ)充,而不是主要途徑,并沒有說在線推廣應(yīng)該被取代。
概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任
務(wù):(1)第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段每段選擇
1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題:(2)第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4
個(gè)正確選項(xiàng),分別完成每個(gè)句子。
CarCrime
1Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrol
andwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thecarsaresittinginpetrol
stationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(AA)
hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutes
andsometimeslongerasdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandother
consumeritems.Withpaymentofcreditcardsbecomingmoreandmorecommon,
itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassix
minutes,providingthecartheftwithagoldenopportunity.
2.Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabigriseincarcrime
thaninmostothertypesofcrimes.Anaverageofmorethantwocarsaminute
arebrokenintoorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathird
ofallreportedoffenseswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.
3.Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalsinvolvedin
cartheft,almost90percentofcartheftiscommittedbythe
opportunists.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.TheAA
recommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershort
aperiod.Apartiallyopensunrooforwindowisafurthercome-onto
thieves.
4.Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheAAhasfoundlittle
awarenessamongdriversaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmade
noeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspots一justtheplacesthieves"
love.TheAAadvisesdrivestoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound-thieves
don'tlikeaudiences.
23-26選項(xiàng)
A.Safeparking
B.Increaseincartheft
C.Opportunitiesfornon-professionals
D.Anti-theftorganizations
E.Drivers'carelessness:afactorinpromotingcarstealing
F.Carstealingmostlybyprofessionalcriminals
27-30選項(xiàng)
A.thecarelessnessofthedrivers
B.increaseinthenumberofcarsstolen
C.non-professiona1thieves
D.lackofparkingspace
E.safeparkingspots
F.professionalthieves
第23題:
Paragraph1
參考答案:
E
詳細(xì)解答:
該段最后一句(總結(jié)句)提到司機(jī)的離車不鎖車門給盜車造成很好的機(jī)會(huì)。
第24題:
Paragraph2
參考答案:
B
詳細(xì)解答:
第二段段首句的含義為“近十多年來,汽車犯罪比其他犯罪有一個(gè)大的增
長(zhǎng)?!倍鳥句的含義為“汽車盜竊的上升”,此句義與該段段首句的含義吻合。
因此,B是合適的選擇。
第25題:
Paragraph3
參考答案:
C
詳細(xì)解答:
第三段段首句的含義為“盡管參與汽車犯罪中有職業(yè)的罪犯,但90%的汽車盜
竊是由抓住機(jī)會(huì)盜竊的人干的。”而選項(xiàng)C中就包含了opportunity這一線索詞,
因此C是合適的選擇。
第26題:
Paragraph4
參考答案:
A
詳細(xì)解答:
第四段段首句的含義為“有許多其他的陷阱需要避免?!边x項(xiàng)A說“安全停
放車輛”,選項(xiàng)D說“反盜竊的組織”,而很容易就能在第四段中發(fā)現(xiàn)多處parking
這樣的詞,依據(jù)此判斷A是合適的選擇。
第27題:
Mostcartheftsshouldbeblamedon.
參考答案:
A
詳細(xì)解答:
toblame...on...含義為“把……歸罪于……”,此問題句的語義為“大多
數(shù)的汽車犯罪應(yīng)歸罪于什么”,根據(jù)做前面的題所了解的信息可知司機(jī)的不小心
是誘因,所以答案是Ao
第28題:
Inthepastdecadetherehasbeenabig.
參考答案:
B
詳細(xì)解答:
在選項(xiàng)B、C、D、E和F這些備選答案中,big只能與選項(xiàng)B中increase連用,
所以答案肯定是B。
第29題:
Mostofthecartheftsarefoundtobecommittedby.
參考答案:
C
詳細(xì)解答:
此問題句的語義為“大多數(shù)的汽車犯罪是由……造成的?!?,根據(jù)做前面的
題所了解的信息可知應(yīng)該是非職業(yè)的罪犯干的,所以答案是Co
第30題:
Cardriversarefoundtobecarelessinchoosing.
參考答案:
E
詳細(xì)解答:
答案相關(guān)句在第四段的第二句和第三句。
閱讀理解下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題,每道題后面
有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題,從4
個(gè)選項(xiàng)山選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。
ProtectionofWildlife
DemandsforstrongerprotectionforwildlifeinBritainsome
hidethefactthatsimilararefeltilltherestEurope.Studiesbythe
CouncilofEurope,ofwhich21countriesaremembers,haveshownthat1
percentofreptilespeciesand24percentofbutterfliesareindanger
ofdyingout.
EuropeanconcernforwildlifewasoutlinedbyDr.PeterBaum,
anexpertintheenvironmentandnatureresourcesdivisionofthecouncil,
whenhespokeataconferencearrangedbytheadministratorsofaBritish
nationalpark.TheparkisoneofthefewareasinEuropetoholdthecouncil
'sdiplomafornaturereservesofthehighestquality,andDr.PeterBaum
hadcometopresentittotheparkonceagain.Hewasafraidthatpublic
opinionwasturningagainstnationalparks,andthatthosesetupinthe
1960sand1970scouldnotbesetuptoday.ButDr.Baumclearlyremained
astrongsupporteroftheviewthatnaturalenvironmentsneededtobe
allowedtosurviveinapeaceintheirownright.
Noareacouldbeexpectedtosurvivebothasatruenature
reserveandastouristattraction,hewenton.Theshortviewthatreserves
hadtoserveimmediatehumandemandsforoutdoorrecreationshouldbe
replacedbyfullacceptanceoftheirimportanceasplacestopreserve
natureforthefuture.
〃Weforgetthattheyaretheguaranteeoflifesystems,onwhich
anybuilt-upareaultimatelydepends,〃Dr.Baumwenton,〃Wecouldmanage
withoutmostindustrialproducts,butwecouldnotmanagewithout
nature.However,ournaturalenvironmentareas,whicharetheoriginal
partsofourcountryside,haveshrunktobecomemereislandsinaspoiled
andhighlypollutedlandmass.〃
第31題:
AccordingtorecentstudiesbytheCouncilofEurope,wecanlearn
that.
A.itisonlyinBritainthatwildlifeneedsmoreprotection
B.allspeciesofwildlifeinEuropeareindangerofdyingout
C.therearefewerspeciesofreptilesandbutterfliesinEuropethan
elsewhere
D.certainspeciesofreptilesandbutterfliesinEuropeneed
protecting
參考答案:D
第一段的第二句提到,擁有21個(gè)成員國的歐洲委員會(huì)所作的研究顯示,1%的爬行
動(dòng)物和24%的蝴蝶類正瀕臨威脅甚至絕跡,由此可見答案為D。
第32題:
Dr.Baum,arepresentativeoftheCouncil,visitedoneparticularBritish
nationalparkbecause
A.hewaspresentingtheparkwithadiplomaforitsachievements
B.hewasconcernedabouthowtheparkwasbeingrun
C.itwastheonlynationalparkofitskindinEurope
D.itwastheonlyparkwhichhadeverreceivedadiplomafromthe
Council
參考答案:A
第二段中提到鮑姆博士是來此地再次為該公園頒發(fā)證書的。由此可見答案為選項(xiàng)
Ao
第33題:
Althoughitisdifficultnowadaystoconvincethepublicoftheimportance
ofnaturereserves,Dr.Baumfeltthat.
A.peoplewouldsupportmovestocreatemoreenvironmentareas
B.peoplewouldcarryonsupportingthosenationalparksinexistence
C.existingnationalparkswouldneedtobemoreindependenttosurvive
D.manshouldleavesomeareasofcountrysideundisturbed
參考答案:D
第二段最后一句說,鮑姆博士立場(chǎng)鮮明地堅(jiān)持應(yīng)當(dāng)讓國家環(huán)境不受干擾地生存,
理應(yīng)如此。最后一段說,但是,我們的自然環(huán)境區(qū),它們是農(nóng)村最初的組成部分,
已經(jīng)退減成為被破壞污染了一片地區(qū)中的小島而已了。綜合兩句意思,可推斷出
答案應(yīng)為選項(xiàng)Do
第34題:
InDr.Baum'sopinion,atruenaturereserve.
A.couldneversurviveinamodernage
B.shouldprovidebuildingsforhumanactivities
C.shouldberegardedasaplacewherenatureisprotected
D.couldprovidespecialareasfortouriststoenjoy
參考答案:C
第三段中,鮑姆認(rèn)為,沒有一個(gè)地區(qū)能有望做既是真正的自然保護(hù)區(qū)而又是旅游
區(qū)而存在。由此可見,他是否定自然保護(hù)區(qū)存在的可能性,選項(xiàng)A、D可排除。同
時(shí)第二段最后一句,鮑姆博士立場(chǎng)鮮明地堅(jiān)持應(yīng)當(dāng)讓國家環(huán)境不受干擾地生存。
可見選項(xiàng)B也可排除。
第35題:
Althoughwealldependontheresourcesofnatureforoursurvival,.
A.industrialproductsarereplacingallournaturalresources
B.itisonlyonislandsthatnaturesurvives
C.wehaveforgottenwhatouroriginalcountrysidelookedlike
D.wehaveallowedareasofcountrysidetobespoiltbyindustrial
development
參考答案:D
最后一段指出,我們的自然環(huán)境保護(hù)區(qū),它們是農(nóng)村最初的組成部分,已經(jīng)退減成
為被破壞污染了一片地區(qū)中的小島而已了??梢娹r(nóng)村環(huán)境已被破壞,所以選項(xiàng)D
是正確答案。
TheFamily
Thestructureofafamilytakesdifferentformsaroundtheworld
andeveninthesamesociety.Thefamily'sformchangesasitadaptsto
changingsocialandeconomicinfluences.Untilrecently,themostcommon
forminNorthAmericawasthenuclearfamily,consistingofamarried
couplewiththeirminorchildren.Thenuclearfamilyisanindependent
unit.Itmustbepreparedtofendforitself.Individualfamilymembers
stronglydependononeanother.Thereislittlehelpfromoutsidethe
familyinemergencies.Elderlyrelativesofanuclearfamilyarecaredfor
onlyifitispossibleforthefamilytodoso.InNorthAmerica,theelderly
oftendonotlivewiththefamily;theyliveinretirementcommunities
andnursinghomes.
Therearemanyparallelsbetweenthenuclearfamilyin
industrialsocieties,suchasNorthAmerica,andoffamiliesinsocieties
suchasthatoftheInuits,wholiveinharshenvironments.Thenuclear
familystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeofmobility.Inharsh
conditions,mobilityallowsthefamilytohuntforfood.ForNorth
Americans,thehuntforjobsandimprovedsocialstatusalsorequires
mobility.
ThenuclearfamilywasnotalwaystheNorthAmericanstandard.In
amoreagrariantime,thesmallnuclearfamilywasusuallypartofalarger
extendedfamily.Thismighthaveincludedgrandparents,motherandfather,
brothersandsisters,uncles,aunts,andcousins.InNorthAmericatoday,
thereisadramaticriseinthenumberofsingle-parenthouseholds.Twice
asmanyhouseholdsintheUnitedStatesareheadedbydivorced,separated,
ornever-marriedindividualsasarecomprisedofnuclearfamilies.The
structureofthefamily,notjustinNorthAmerica,butthroughoutthe
world,continuestochangeasitadaptstochangingconditions.
第36題:
Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe.
A.WhatMakesaFamily?
B.TheLifeoftheInuits.
C.LivingWithHardship.
D.TheFailureoftheNuclearFamily.
參考答案:A
主旨題。題干意為“下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以作為這篇短文另一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題?”。短
文開篇就提到了家庭結(jié)構(gòu),短文最后一句意為“不僅在北美洲,1,在全世界范圍,家
庭結(jié)構(gòu)都會(huì)隨著情況的不斷變化而改變?!庇纱丝梢娺@篇短文的主題與家庭結(jié)構(gòu)
相關(guān),由此可以進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案為A“家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么”。
第37題:
Accordingtothepassage,whichisthedefinitionofanuclearfamily?
A.Anuclearfamilyisamarriedcouplewiththeirminorchildren.
B.Anuclearfamilyisasinglefatherwithminorchildren.
C.Anuclearfamilyconcludesparents,grandparents,andchildren.
D.Anuclearfamilyconcludesparents,children,andauntsanduncles.
參考答案:A
細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“根據(jù)文章,哪個(gè)是核心家庭的定義?”。第一段的第三句話對(duì)
于核心家庭進(jìn)行了定義Untilreeently,themostcommonforminNorth
Americanwasthenuclearfamily,consistingofamarriedcouplewiththeir
minorchildren.該句意為“直到最近,北美洲最普遍的家庭形式為核心家庭,由
一對(duì)夫婦和他們未成年的孩子構(gòu)成”。由此可知A“核心家庭是由一對(duì)夫婦和他
們未成年的孩子構(gòu)成的家庭。
第38題:
Theinformationinthispassagewouldmostlikelybefound
intextbook.
A.ananthropology
B.abiology
C.amathematics
D.ageography
參考答案:A
主旨題。題干意為“這篇文章最有可能出自哪里?”o該短文主題涉及家庭,因此
最有可能出自人類學(xué)課本,所以A是正確的答案。
第39題:
Theinformationinthefirstparagraphispresentedmainlythrough.
A.listingstatistics
B.tellingastory
C.pointingoutsimilarities
D.pointingoutdifferences
參考答案:c
題干意為“第一段主要以何種方式陳述的?”根據(jù)第一段的陳述方式,并沒有列出
數(shù)據(jù)或者講故事,而是通過描述共性而闡述出核心家庭的概念。因此C“指出相
似性”是正確的答案。
第40題:
Theword"mobility“means.
A.money
B.readinesstomove
C.organization
D.skill
參考答案:B
題干意為"mobility是什么意思?"mobility是mobile”可移動(dòng)的,機(jī)動(dòng)的〃的
名詞形式。首先在短文中找到mobility存在的語境:第二段中"Thenuclear
familystructureiswelladaptedtoalifeofmobility…thehuntforjobs
andimprovedsocialstatusalsorequiresmobility."mobility所在的上
下文意為“核心家庭結(jié)構(gòu)良好地適應(yīng)于……的生活。在惡劣的條件下,流動(dòng)性那
能讓一個(gè)家庭吃飽飯?!?/p>
SomeThingsWeKnowAboutLanguage
Manythingsaboutlanguageareamystery,andmanywillalways
remainso.Butsomethingswedoknow.
First,weknowthatallhumanbeingshavealanguageofsome
sort.Thereisnoraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithas
nolanguage,nosetofspeechsoundsbywhichthepeoplecommunicatewith
oneanother.Furthermore,inhistoricaltimes,therehasneverbeenarace
ofmenwithoutalanguage.
Second,thereisnosuchthingasaprimitivelanguage.There
aremanypeoplewhoseculturesareundeveloped,whoare,aswesay,
uncivilized,butthelanguagestheyspeakarenotprimitive.Inallknown
languageswecanseecomplexitiesthatmusthavebeentensofthousands
ofyearsindeveloping.
Thishasnotalwaysbeenwellunderstood;indeed,thedirect
contraryhasoftenbeenstated.Popularideasofthelanguageofthe
AmericanIndianswillillustrate.Manypeoplehavesupposedthatthe
Indianscommunicatedinaveryprimitivesystemofnoises.Studyhasproved
thistobenonsense.Thereare,orwere,hundredsofAmericanIndian
languages,andallofthemturnouttobeverycomplicatedandvery
old.Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostofusare
familiarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek.
Athirdthingweknowaboutlanguageisthatalllanguagesare
perfectlyadequate.Thatis,eachoneisaperfectmeansofexpressingthe
cultureofthepeoplewhospeakthelanguage.
Finally,weknowthatlanguagechanges.Itisnaturalandnormal
forlanguagetochange;theonlylanguageswhichdonotchangearethe
deadones.Thisiseasytounderstandifwelookback-wardintime.Change
goesoninallaspectsoflanguage.Grammaticalfeatureschangeasdo
speechsounds,andchangesinvocabularyaresometimesveryextensiveand
mayoccurveryrapidly.Vocabularyistheleaststablepartofany
language.
第41題:
Inthesecondparagraphthepassagetellsusthat.
A.somebackwardracedoesn'thavealanguageofitsown
B.someraceinhistorydidn'tpossessalanguageofitsown
C.anyhumanrace,whetherbackwardornot,hasalanguage
D.someracesonearthcancommunicatewithoutlanguage
參考答案:c
作者在第二段中認(rèn)為,任何人種不管落后與否都有語言。文中的原句是:Thereis
noraceofmenanywhereonearthsobackwardthatithasnolanguage***
第42題:
Accordingtotheauthor,peopleofundevelopedculturescan
havelanguages.
A.complicated
B.uncivilized
C.primitive
D.well-known
參考答案:A
此題的答案來自第三段。
第43題:
TheauthorhasusedAmericanIndianlanguagesasanexampleto
showthattheyare
A.justasoldassomewell-knownlanguages
B.justassophisticatedassomewell-knownlanguages
C.moredevelopedthansomewell-knownlanguages
D.morecomplexthansomewell-knownlanguages
參考答案:B
作者列舉美國印第安人的語言的目的是證明這些語言和一些著名的語言一樣先
進(jìn)。原句是:Theyarecertainlydifferentfromthelanguagesthatmostof
usarefamiliarwith,buttheyarenomoreprimitivethanEnglishandGreek.
第44題:
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?
A.Alanguagecanexpressmanycultures.
B.Alllanguagescanwellexpresstheirrespectivecultures.
C.AmericanIndianlanguagesarenotassophisticatedasEnglish.
D.Somelanguagesarebetterthanotherlanguages.
參考答案:B
根據(jù)第五段“Thatis,eachone...whospeakthelanguage.可知,B項(xiàng)正確。
第
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