2025版高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分模塊知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)必修第一冊(cè)Unit4NaturalDisasters

Unit4NaturalDisastersⅠ.閱讀理解AClimatechangeleadstoathreattotheworld’ssandybeaches,andasmanyashalfofthemcoulddisappearby2100,anewstudyhasfound.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with14%to15%facingsevereerosion(侵蝕).Usingupdatedsealevelrisepredictions,theresearchersanalyzedhowbeachesaroundtheworldwouldbeinafuturewithhigherseasandmoredamagingstorms.Theyalsoconsiderednaturalprocesseslikewaveerosion,aswellashumanfactorslikecoastalbuildingdevelopments,whichcanaffectabeach’shealth.Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweightheseotherfactors,andthatthemoreheat-trappinggaseshumansputintotheatmosphere,theworsetheinfluencesontheworld’sbeachesarelikelytobe.It’shardtooverstatejusthowimportanttheworld’sbeachesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld’scoastlines,andprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.Beachesarealsoimportanteconomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,thebeachismorethanavacationdestination.InplaceslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolvesaroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.Someoftheworld’smostpopularbeachesarealreadytakingaction.PlaceslikeMiamiBeacharetruckinginthousandsoftonsofsandtopatchup(修補(bǔ))badlyerodedshorelines,whileothershavebuiltseawallsandbreakwatersinanattempttoholdprecioussandinplace.Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsoftheseprojectsarehuge,andscientistssayroughseasandmorepowerfulstorms,superchargedbyawarmerclimate,willmakethisalosingbattle.However,theresearchersdidfindthathumanshavesomecontroloverwhathappenstotheworld’sbeaches.Iftheworld’sgovernmentsareabletosticktomodestcutsinheat-trappinggaspollution,theresearchersfoundthat17%ofprojectedbeachlossesby2050couldbeprevented,andthatnumberwillgrowto40%by2100ifgreenhousegasesarelimited.1.Whichisthebiggestcontributortoseverebeacherosion?A.Damagingstorms. B.Waveerosion.C.Coastalbuildings. D.Sealevelrise.2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Itishardtoprotectcoastalbeaches.B.Onethirdofstormstakeplacenearbeaches.C.Beachesareofgreatsignificancetoourlives.D.MostAustraliansliveonbeachtourism.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”refertoinParagraph4?A.Popularizingthebeaches.B.Holdingsandinplace.C.Reducingtheprojectcosts.D.Stoppingglobalwarming.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的探討發(fā)覺：氣候改變對(duì)世界上的沙灘造成了威逼，預(yù)料到2100年，多達(dá)一半的沙灘可能會(huì)消逝。因此，世界上一些最受歡迎的海灘已經(jīng)起先實(shí)行行動(dòng)。1.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweightheseotherfactors”可知，有許多因素會(huì)造成沙灘被侵蝕，其中海平面上升是導(dǎo)致沙灘被嚴(yán)峻侵蝕的最大因素。2.C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“It’shardtooverstatejusthowimportanttheworld’sbeachesare.”可知，再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)世界海灘的重要性也不為過。再結(jié)合該段可知，海灘也是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)引擎，支撐著休閑、旅游和其他活動(dòng)。由此可以推斷，第三段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了沙灘對(duì)我們的生活特別重要。3.B代詞指代題。依據(jù)第四段中的“PlaceslikeMiamiBeach…sandinplace.”可知，像邁阿密海灘這樣的地方正在努力修補(bǔ)嚴(yán)峻侵蝕的海岸線，而其他地方則建立了海堤和防波堤，試圖把寶貴的沙子固定住。再依據(jù)本段最終一句可知，科學(xué)家說洶涌的海洋和更強(qiáng)大的風(fēng)暴因更暖和的氣候而增壓，這將會(huì)使得固定沙子是一項(xiàng)失敗的舉措。因此可知，this指的是“holdingsandinplace”。B(2024·全國(guó)高考甲卷)Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對(duì)稱的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstepaccordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.4.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.5.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.6.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters【語(yǔ)篇解讀】通過試驗(yàn)發(fā)覺，澳大拉西亞地區(qū)戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡的形態(tài)識(shí)別實(shí)力相當(dāng)于兩歲的人類幼兒。4.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage(雖然人們不知道這些鳥在野外會(huì)運(yùn)用工具，但事實(shí)證明，它們?cè)陉P(guān)在籠子里時(shí)就能嫻熟地運(yùn)用工具).”以及“…thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped‘keys’tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect‘keys’wouldletoutthenut(探討人員給了這些鳥5把形態(tài)各異的‘鑰匙’供它們選擇。插入正確的‘鑰匙’會(huì)讓堅(jiān)果出來).”可知，在試驗(yàn)中，鳳頭鸚鵡是通過運(yùn)用工具從盒子里取出堅(jiān)果的。故選B項(xiàng)。5.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段中的“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage(在人類身上，嬰兒從一歲左右就可以把一個(gè)圓形的物品放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里)”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知，一歲兒童最有可能完成“將一個(gè)球放進(jìn)一個(gè)圓形的洞里”的任務(wù)。故選C項(xiàng)。6.D推理推斷題。通過文章最終一段中的“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections(依據(jù)探討人員的說法，下一步是嘗試弄清晰鳳頭鸚鵡是完全依靠視覺線索，還是也運(yùn)用觸覺來選擇它們的形態(tài)).”可推知，后續(xù)測(cè)試的目的是了解鳳頭鸚鵡在測(cè)試中是否運(yùn)用觸覺。故選D項(xiàng)。7.D標(biāo)題推想題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章第一段中的“Coffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old(戈芬氏鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產(chǎn)于澳大拉西亞的小鸚鵡，它的形態(tài)識(shí)別實(shí)力與兩歲的人類相像).”可推知，本文主要介紹了會(huì)識(shí)別形態(tài)的鳳頭鸚鵡。D項(xiàng)“Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters(鳳頭鸚鵡：識(shí)別形態(tài)的嫻熟工)”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。C“Likeamonster,itdestroyseverything.”That’showoneschoolgirldescribedatsunami(海嘯).OnDec.26,2004,amagnitude9.1earthquakeinIndonesiasetoffamassivetsunami.Itkilledmorethan290,000peopleacrossadozencountriesandcostanestimated$10billionindamage.Nov.5isWorldTsunamiAwarenessDayandattheUnitedNations,disasterriskreductionwashighontheagenda.“WhatIcantellyouisthatthetsunamiwavecannotbestopped,”saidBulgariansU.N.AmbassadorGeorgiVelikovPanayotov.HewasonvacationinThailandin2004andsurvivedthetsunami.“Whatwecandoistobuildearlywarningsystemsand,ofcourse,educatethepopulationaboutthedamagingpowerofthetsunamiwave,”hesaid.OnMarch11,2011,amagnitude9earthquakerockednortheasternJapantriggeringafiercetsunamithatalsodamagedtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearplant,southofSendai.“WhenthebigearthquakehitJapanin2011,peoplethoughtthatwewerepreparedforit,”saidJapan’sU.N.AmbassadorKoroBessho.“Itcausedseveredamage.Wehaddams;wehaddrills.However,wehadbeencountingonsomethingthathitsevery100yearsandtheearthquakewasofthesizeofpossiblyevery500yearsorthousandyears,”hesaid.Thesetwoeventssentthecountriesoftheregionintooverdrivetoreviewandimprovedisasterpreparedness.In2015theSendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReductionwasborn.Itaimstohelpcreateabetterunderstandingofdisasterriskandimprovepreparednessforaneffectiveresponse.Indonesiaismadeupofthousandsofislandswhicharedisasterprone(災(zāi)難頻發(fā)區(qū)).WillemRampangilei,headofIndonesiaNationalBoardforDisasterManagement,saidhisgovernmentnowhasplansforeverydisasterpronecity.Countriesatriskarealsoexpandingtheireducationprograms.Childrenfromanearlyagearetaughthowtoreactincaseofatsunamiandthengowiththeirclassmatestohighergroundawayfromcoastalareastoavoidthewallsofwaterthetsunamitriggers.8.WhatdoesGeorgiVelikovPanayotovmainlytalkabout?A.Thegeneralfeaturesofatsunami.B.Waysforhumanstofaceatsunami.C.Hissufferinginthe2004tsunami.D.Thelosscausedbythe2004tsunami.9.InKoroBessho’sopinion,whydidthe2011earthquakecauseseveredamage?A.Itcausedafiercetsunami.B.Itdestroyedanuclearplant.C.Thesizewasbeyondexpectation.D.Therewasnoeffectivedefensesystem.10.Whatcommonbeliefpusheddifferentcountriestotakeactiontofaceacomingtsunami?A.Childrenshouldbeprotectedbyallmeans.B.Theimprovementofpreparednesscanreducedamage.C.Properresponseincaseofatsunamicansaveone’slife.D.Strongermeasuresshouldbetakenindisasterproneareas.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.WorldTsunamiAwarenessDayB.NationsAttackedbyaMassiveTsunamiC.TheUnpredictableandDestructiveDisasterD.LearnfromDisasterstoPreventFutureOnes【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了兩次海嘯帶來的災(zāi)難及人們面對(duì)海嘯應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么，并說明一些國(guó)家已在改進(jìn)災(zāi)難防范打算工作以削減損失。8.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段可知，他主要談?wù)摰氖侨祟惷鎸?duì)海嘯的方式。9.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第六段可知，KoroBessho認(rèn)為地震規(guī)模超出了預(yù)期，造成了嚴(yán)峻破壞。10.B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合第七段可知，這些地區(qū)的國(guó)家都認(rèn)為改進(jìn)防災(zāi)打算工作可以削減損害。11.D標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要介紹了兩次海嘯帶來的災(zāi)難及人們面對(duì)海嘯應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么，并說明一些國(guó)家已在改進(jìn)防災(zāi)打算工作以削減損失。故D項(xiàng)“從災(zāi)難中學(xué)習(xí)以預(yù)防將來的災(zāi)難”正確。Ⅱ.七選五閱讀(山東省臨沂市2024屆高三下學(xué)期2月一模考試)Foralongtime,sportshavebeenviewedasawaytostayhealthyandinshape,buttheirimportancegoesmuchfurther.Fromasocialstandpoint,sportsareapowerfultoolthatbringspeopletogetherandcreatesasenseofcommunity.1Asaninternationalstudent,playingpick-upbasketballatthegymwasthefastestandeasiestwaytomakefriends.

Asastudent,Ihadverychallengingclassesandoccasionallyhadtodealwithbadhomeworkormidtermgrades.IlearnedthatIamnotalwaysgoingtogettheresultsthatIwant,butnomatterwhat,Ihavetopersevereandnotgiveup.2

Inadditiontothat,exercisingisagreatwaytogetoutofthestressfulcollegelifethatisallabouthomework,presentations,andgroupprojects.3IpersonallythinkthatIwouldgocrazywithoutgoingtothegymatleastthreetimesaweek.

Thereasonmoststudentsdonotplaysportsisbecausetheyfeellazyaboutitanddon’thavetheenergyforit.4Asamatteroffact,exercisepumpsmoreoxygenthroughyourbloodandmakesyourentiresystemmoreactive.

5Besidesjustbeingfun,sportscanhelpyouperformbetterinschool,relaxmoreandworryless,dealwithsetbacks,workbetterwithothersandincreaseyourenergy.

A.Tosumup,playingcollegesportshassomeseriousbenefits.B.Inshort,playingsportscanhelpstudentsbecomemoreenergetic.C.Theyhelpedmegetonverywellwithmyteachersandclassmates.D.Infact,playingsportshelpsstudentsrelaxandreducetheiranxiety.E.Sportsgavemeapositiveattitu