考研英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案

考研英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案

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案》的內(nèi)容，具體內(nèi)容：要在考研英語考試之前，好好訓(xùn)練自己的閱讀能

力的話，非做題莫屬了。下面是我給大家整理的，供大家參閱!2002年全

國考研英語閱讀真題ISectionIIIReading...

要在考研英語考試之前，好好訓(xùn)練自己的閱讀能力的話，非做題莫屬了。

下面是我給大家整理的，供大家參閱！

2002年全國考研英語閱讀真題1

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweach

textbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,you

mustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Your

humormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthem

thatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationand

areinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouare

addressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingto

agroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsof

theirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,

youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanursesconvention,ofa

storywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameview

ofdoctors.Amanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundby

St.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,

sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeand

friendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalis

suddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestothe

headoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.

“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,thatsGod,“

camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshesadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwill

beinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhichare

commontoallofyouanditllbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassing

remarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairmansnotorious

badtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustntattempttocut

inwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparaging

remarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.Youwillbeonsafer

groundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthe

telephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatit

becomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparently

off-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforced

manner.Oftenitsthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,

sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelieving

lookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwist

onafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudontsucceed,giveup”ora

playonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationand

understatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsor

sentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould.

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners

42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,

theyare.

[A]impolitetonewarrivals

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours

43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention

[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbe

delivered.

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible

[C]inexaggeratedstatements

[D]ascasuallyaspossible

45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.

[A]UseHumorEffectively

[B]VariousKindsofHumor

[C]AddHumortoSpeech

[D]DifferentHumorStrategies

2002年全國考研英語閱讀真題2

Text2

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermore

cunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,

burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedin

robotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilities

onmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanical

versionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedby

intelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhose

universalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshum

totherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneat

automatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpoliteness

forthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytireless

robot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationof

electronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystems

thatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywith

submillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilled

physicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,

theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeable

tomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatpose

arealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandlea

specificerror,“saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogram

atNASA,“wecantyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliably

interactwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproduced

verymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960s

and1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsand

microprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrain

bytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthat

forecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehuman

brainsroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmore

talented-andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated-than

previouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizethe

errorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolled

factoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidly

changingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatis

irrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideof

awindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.

ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcantapproachthatkind

ofability,andneuroscientistsstilldontknowquitehowwedoit.

46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.

[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

[D]theelitescunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

47.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

[A]programs

[B]experts

[C]devices

[D]creatures

48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondmansabilitynowisto

designarobotthatcan.

[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally

[C]havealittlecommonsense

[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld

49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.

[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

[C]improvefactoryenvironments

[D]cultivatehumancreativity

50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobots

are.

[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevant

information

[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

2002年全國考研英語閱讀真題3

Text3

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?

SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoil

hasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.

Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973

oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalso

almosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digit

inflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlines

warningofgloomanddoomthistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraq

suspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesame

timeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushtheprice

higherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequences

nowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecost

ofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrol

thanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforupto

four-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthe

priceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthe

past.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,and

solesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,

ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,

energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,

consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelor

carproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)rich

economiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECD

estimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,ifoilprices

averaged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,

thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly

0.25~0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomeloss

in1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies

-towhichheavyindustryhasshifted-havebecomemore

energy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.

Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesis

that,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainst

thebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobal

excessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemerging

fromeconomicdecline.TheEconomistscommoditypriceindexis

broadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumped

by70%,andin1979byalmost30%.

51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis.

[A]globalinflation

[B]reductioninsupply

[C]fastgrowthineconomy

[D]Iraqssuspensionofexports

52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrol

willgoupdramaticallyif.

[A]priceofcruderises

[B]commoditypricesrise

[C]consumptionrises

[D]oiltaxesrise

53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries

[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive

[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices

[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed

[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP

54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.

[A]oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow

[B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks

[C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices

[D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavy

industry

55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems

[A]optimistic

[B]sensitive

[C]gloomy

[D]scared

2002年全國考研英語閱讀真題4

Text4

TheSupremeCourtsdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarry

importantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedying

patientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrightto

physician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthe

medicalprincipleofdoubleeffect,“acenturies-oldmoral

principleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects-agoodone

thatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen-ispermissible

iftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusing

highdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatientspain,even

thoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contends

thattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho"untilnowhavevery,

verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficient

mediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBoston

University,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrug

foralegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothing

illegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath."Itslike

surgery,“hesays."Wedontcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethe

doctorsdidntintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyrisked

theirdeath.Ifyoureaphysician,youcanriskyourpatientssuicide

aslongasyoudontintendtheirsuicide.”

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethat

theassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespair

ofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysical

agonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourtsrulingonphysician-assisted

suicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volume

report,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.It

identifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof

ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandeven

dishonortheperiodofdying“asthetwinproblemsofend-of-life

care.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotrain

inhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagement

therapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-based

care,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpain

attheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthese

well-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.z，Large

numbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatients

areneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,，ztotheextentthatit

constitutes''systematicpatientabuse."Hesaysmedicallicensing

boards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptively

onesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresult