執(zhí)照英語沖刺計劃10-2附有答案

執(zhí)照英語沖刺計劃10-2[復(fù)制]您的姓名：[填空題]*_________________________________簡述和說明任何新型飛行儀表的工作原理。[單選題]*Brieflydescribeandexplainprincipleofoperationofanynewkindsofflightinstruments.(正確答案)Brieflyintroducetheoperationprincipalofanynewkindsofflightapparatus.Brieflydescribeandexplaintheoperationprincipleofanynewkindsofflightdisplays.制造商可以建立程序，對于在執(zhí)行程序時發(fā)現(xiàn)的不適航情況提供反饋。[單選題]*Themanufacturermaysetupstepsandfeedbacktheairworthyconditionsdiscoveredwhencomplying.Themanufacturermayestablishprocedurestoprovidefeedbackonunairworthyconditionsthatwerediscoveredwhencomplying.(正確答案)Themanufacturermayestablishproceduresandcomplyregulationstoprovidefeedbackonunairworthyconditions.CAP的意圖并非是更改或替換適用的飛機(jī)維修手冊或服務(wù)信函的任何部分。[單選題]*TheCAPisnotintendedtochangeorreplaceanyportionoftheapplicableAirplaneMaintenanceManualorServiceLetters.(正確答案)TheCAPisdevelopedtochangeorplacesomepartoftheapplicableAirplaneMaintenanceManualorServiceLetters.RevisingorreplacinganypartoftheserviceableAirplaneMaintenanceManualorServiceBulletinisnotthemainpurposeoftheCAP.對現(xiàn)有的分析進(jìn)行了核查，以確定可能表現(xiàn)出較低安全裕度的部件和區(qū)域。[單選題]*Inordertolocatelowermarginsofsafetycomponentsandareas,currentrecordswerereviewed.Tofindcomponentsandareaswherehaveshowedlowermarginsofsafety,existingresultswereexamined.Existinganalyseswerereviewedtoidentifycomponentsandareasthatmayhaveexhibitedlowermarginsofsafety.(正確答案)空速可提高操作安全性，應(yīng)作為常規(guī)程序章節(jié)的序言。[單選題]*Toimprovethesafetyoperations,airspeedsshallbeaprefacetotheNormalProceduresSection.Theairspeedsshallbeprovidedasanintroductiontoenhancethesafetyoperations.TheairspeedswhichmayenhancethesafetyofoperationsshallbeprovidedasaprefacetotheNormalProceduresSection.(正確答案)如果你在泵中發(fā)現(xiàn)金屬顆粒，找到它們的來源并修理有缺陷的部件。[單選題]*Ifyoufindmetalparticlesinthepump,findtheirsourceandrepairthedefectivepart.(正確答案)Ifmagneticparticlesarefoundinthepump,locatetheirlocationandrepairtheaffectedpart.Locatetheirsourceanddisassemblethedefectivepartifyoufindmetalobjects.移除螺釘、墊片和螺帽來斷開鏈接到這個結(jié)構(gòu)上的圓箍。[單選題]*Removethebolt,washer,andnuttodisconnectthebendclampfromthestructure.Removethescrew,washer,andnuttodisconnecttheshortclampfromthestructure.Removethescrew,washer,andnuttodisconnecttheloopclampfromthestructure.(正確答案)三臺電腦收集數(shù)據(jù)并且匯集數(shù)據(jù)鏈到顯示組件。[單選題]*Threecomputerscollectdataandputthemtogetheronthedatalinktothedisplayunit.(正確答案)Threecomputerscollectdataandputthemtogetheronthedatauploadtothedisplayunit.Threecomputerscollectdataandputthemtogetheronthedataconveyedtothedisplayunit.基本控制和操作信息，描述如何控制飛機(jī)部件及其操作，包括任何特殊程序和適用的限制。[單選題]*Basiccontrolandoperationinformationdescribinghowtheairplanecomponentsarecontrolledandhowtheyoperate,includinganyspecialprocedures,andlimitationsthatapply.(正確答案)Basiccontrolandoperationinformationdescribinghowtheairplanecomponentsarecontrolledandoperated,includinganyspecialprocedures,andlimitationsthatapply.Basiccontrolandoperationinformationdescribinghowtheairplanecomponentscontrolandoperate,includinganyspecialproceduresandlimitationsthatapply.在這種情況下，簡介應(yīng)注意手冊中所涵蓋的系統(tǒng)，制造商也可選擇在產(chǎn)品簡單性允許的情況下對相關(guān)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分組[單選題]*Insuchcases,theintroductionshouldnoticethesystemsrelatedinthemanual，manufacturersmayalsochoosetogrouprelatedsystemswherethesimplicityoftheproductpermits.Insuchcases,theintroductionshouldnotethesystemscoveredinthemanual，manufacturersmayalsochoosetogrouprelatedsystemswherethesimplicityoftheproductpermits.(正確答案)Insuchcases,theintroductionshouldnotethesystemscomprisedinthemanual，manufacturersmayalsochoosetodividerelatedsystemsiftheproductissimpleenough.系統(tǒng)/章節(jié)、子系統(tǒng)/段落和主題編號、頁碼和發(fā)行日期將顯示在左邊頁面的左下角，而修訂日期在右下角。[單選題]*TheSystem/Chapter,sub-System/SectionandSubjectNumber,thepagenumberanddateofissuewilldisappearinthelowerleft-handcorner,ontheleft-handpagesandthereviewdateinthelowerright-handcorner.TheSystem/Chapter,sub-System/SectionandSubjectNumber,thepagenumberanddateofissuewillappearinthelowerleft-handcorner,ontheleft-handpagesandthereviewdateinthelowerright-handcorner.TheSystem/Chapter,sub-System/SectionandSubjectNumber,thepagenumberanddateofpublicwillappearinthelowerleft-handcorner,ontheleft-handpagesandtherevisiondateinthelowerright-handcorner.(正確答案)如果風(fēng)速超過20英里/小時，不要用千斤頂頂起飛機(jī)。[單選題]*Donotlifttheaircraftonjacksifthewindspeedismorethan20MPH.(正確答案)Donothoisttheaircraftonchocksifthewindspeedismorethan20MPH.Donotraisetheaircraftonjacksifthewindspeedismorethan20km/h.超過此速度請不要收放起落架。[單選題]*Donotextendorretractlandinggearabovethisspeed.(正確答案)Donotlowerorretractlandinggearexceedthisspeed.Donotlowerorliftlandinggearwithinthisspeed.把車輛挪到你可以使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序的安全區(qū)域。[單選題]*Towtheplanetoasafeareawhereyoucanusethestandardprocess.Pullthevehicletoasafeareawhereyoucanusethestandardprocedures.(正確答案)Taxithecartoasafeareawhereyoucanusethenormalprocedures.如果你決定不更換部件，請監(jiān)控其溫度至少15個循環(huán)。[單選題]*Ifyourdecisionisnottochangetheunit,monitoritstemperatureatleast15rotations.Ifyoudecidenottorenewtheunit,superviseitstemperatureatleast15periods.Ifyourdecisionisnottoreplacetheunit,monitoritstemperatureforaminimumof15cycles.(正確答案)不要操作剎車來降低蓄壓器中的壓力。[單選題]*Donotoperatethebrakestodecreasethepressureintheaccumulators.(正確答案)Donotcontrolthebrakestoincreasethepressureintheaccumulators.Donotmaneuverthebrakesforaugmentationofthepressureinthereservoir.擾流板和副翼類似，它們也輔助并提供飛機(jī)滾轉(zhuǎn)操縱。[單選題]*Thespoilersaresimilartotheaileronsinthattheyareassistingandprovidingcontroloftheairplaneaboutthelongitudinalaxis.(正確答案)Theaileronsaresimilartothespoilersinthattheyareresistingandprovidingcontroloftheairplaneaboutthelongitudinalaxis.Theaileronsaresimilartothespoilersinthattheyareresistingandprovidingcontroloftheairplaneabouttherollaxis.通常稱之為“電傳操縱系統(tǒng)”。[單選題]*Normally,itisnamed“flybyelectricalcontrolsystem”.Normally,wenameit“flybyelectricalsystem”.Thisiscommonlyreferredtoas“theflightbywiresystem”.(正確答案)充過電的電容器就像一個輔助電瓶。[單選題]*Thechargedresisteractsasaprimarybattery.Thedischargedresisteractsasasecondarybattery.Thechargedcapacitorbehavesasasecondarybattery.(正確答案)手工工具基本分成四大類：敲擊工具、夾持工具、切割工具、扭轉(zhuǎn)工具。[單選題]*Handtoolscanbedividedtofourbasiccategories:kickingtools,holdingtools,cuttingtools,bendingtools.Handtoolscanbedividedtofourbasiccategories:kickingtools,clutchingtools,cuttingtools,rollingtools.Handtoolswillfallintofourbasiccategories:poundingtools，holdingtools，cuttingtoolsandturningtools.(正確答案)雷達(dá)的用途就是獲得、處理和顯示圖形信息。[單選題]*Thepurposeofradaristoobtain,processanddisplayimageinformation.(正確答案)Grasping,processinganddisplayinggraficinformationisthefunctionofradom.Thepurposeofradaristotransmit,processandcaculateimageinformation.建議改裝以下部件，其他部件的使用可以根據(jù)在役經(jīng)驗(yàn)。[單選題]*Thefollowingcomponentsarerecommendedforalteration.Theswapofothercomponentscanbemadeoncondition.Thefollowingpartsarerecommendedtoberefurbished.Otherpartscanbeplatedaccordingtoonwingstatus.Thefollowingpartsarerecommendedformodification.Utilizationofotherpartscanbebyin-serviceexperience.(正確答案)改版、增補(bǔ)和刪除的內(nèi)容，應(yīng)在頁面外劃出一條垂直黑線，與被更改的部分相對應(yīng)。[單選題]*Modifications,additionsandomissions,ablacklineshouldbedrawnverticallyatthefooteroutsideofthepageparalleltothepartofthechange.Revisions,additionsanddeletionsshallbeidentifiedbyaverticalblacklinealongtheoutsideofthepageoppositeonlythatportionoftheprintedmatterthatwaschanged.(正確答案)Alterations,substitutionsandeliminatesshouldbemarkedwithablackslashoutsidethescopeofthepagetocoincidewiththesectionbeingchanged.有些環(huán)境因素在制造商或運(yùn)營商的控制范圍內(nèi)，例如：電池艙的位置。[單選題]*Therearesomeenvironmentalreasonsofthemanufacturersoroperatorssuchasthelocationofbatterycompartments.Someenvironmentalfactorsarewithinthecontrolofthemanufacturerortheoperatorsuchasthelocationofbatterycompartments.(正確答案)Itisthemanufacturerortheoperator'senvironmentalfactors,suchasthelocationofthebatterycompartments.這個制度并不取代CAP沒有包括的正常溝通渠道。[單選題]*ThissystemdoesnotincludetheusualchannelsofcommunicationavailabletoCAP.ThissystemdoesnotsupersedethenormalchannelsofcommunicationforitemsnotcoveredbytheCAP.(正確答案)TheusualchannelsofcommunicationinthissystemcannotbereplacedbytheintroductionofCAP.此文件包含了附錄G中描述的持續(xù)性適航的適當(dāng)說明。[單選題]*ThisdocumentlistsappropriatedescriptionofContinuousAirworthinessasindicatedinAppendixG.ThisdocumentmarkstheAppendixGasanappropriatedescriptionsofContinuousAirworthiness.ThisdocumentcontainsappropriateinstructionsforContinuedAirworthinessasdescribedinAppendixG.(正確答案)使用特殊曲柄，順時針旋轉(zhuǎn)卷筒組件軸，以從卷軸上展開線束組件。[單選題]*Usespecialcranktorotateshaftofreelassemblyclockwisetounwindtheharnessassemblyfromthespool.(正確答案)Usespecialhandletoturntherollerofspoolassemblyclockwisetowindtheharnessassemblyfromthereel.Usespecialcranktorotatethespoolofreelassemblyclockwisetounfoldtheharnessassemblyfromtheshaft.如果駕駛艙顯示有發(fā)動機(jī)過熱警告，不要給飛機(jī)加油。[單選題]*Donotfueltheaircraftiftheflightdeckdisplaysanengineoverheadwarning.Donotrefueltheaircraftifanengineoverheatwarningisdisplayedontheflightdeck.(正確答案)Donotreplenishtheaircraftiftheflightdeckdisplaysanengineoverheatwarning.確保飛控舵面的行程范圍是無障礙物的。[單選題]*Makesurethatthemovementlimitsoftheflightcontrolsurfacesarefree.Makesurethatthetravelrangesoftheflightcontrolsurfacesareclear.(正確答案)Makesurethatthetravellimitsoftheflightcontrolruddersareclean.每根線由文本和數(shù)字組成的編碼來識別，由2位字母后跟2位數(shù)字構(gòu)成。[單選題]*Eachwireiscomprisedbyanalphabeticalcodefollowing2alphadigitsand2numericaldigits.Eachwireisidentifiedbyanalphanumericalcodecomprising2alphadigitsfollowedby2numericaldigits.(正確答案)Eachwireconsistsofanalphanumericalcodefollowing2alphadigitsand2numericaldigits.在燃油加放油的過程中，不允許進(jìn)行氧氣勤務(wù)。[單選題]*Fillingwithoxygenisnotpermittedduringdefuelingandrefueling.Servicingwithoxygenisnotallowedduringrefuelinganddefueling.(正確答案)Servicingwithoxygenisnotprohibitedduringfuelinganddefueling.根據(jù)制造商的選擇，靜壓系統(tǒng)的描述和討論可以結(jié)合第7.49段的皮托管壓力系統(tǒng)。[單選題]*Atthemanufacturer'soption,staticpressuresystemsdescriptionanddiscussionmaybecombinedwithParagraph7.49,PitotPressureSystems.(正確答案)ThemanufacturercouldcombinethedescriptionanddiscussionofthedynamicpressuresystemsinParagraph7.49,PitotPressureSystems.ThemanufacturerdecidestoinsertstaticpressuresystemsdescriptionanddiscussionintoParagraph7.49,PitotPressureSystems.一些服務(wù)報告被用于選擇在應(yīng)用、設(shè)計和加載方面類似的項目來做檢查。[單選題]*Someservicereportswereusedtoselectitemsthataresimilarinapplicationdesignanddownloadingtodothecheck.Somesevicereportsareusedtoselectitemsthataresimilarinapplication,designandloadingtodotheinspection.(正確答案)Inordertodotheinspection,someservicereportsusedtochooseprogramssimilarinapply,designandloading.很難確定腐蝕的影響，但是如果收到持續(xù)適航大綱檢查報告，檢查時間將根據(jù)任何嚴(yán)重的問題進(jìn)行調(diào)整。[單選題]*Itisverydifficulttodeterminetheeffectsofcorrosionbut,asthereportsfromtheCAPinspectionsarereceived,theinspectiontimeswillbeadjustedforanysevereproblems.(正確答案)Itisnoteasytodecidetheaffectionofcorrosion,whenthereportsfromtheCAPinspectionsarereceived,theinspectiondurationwillbechangedforanyseriousproblems.Itisveryhardtomakethedecisionofthecorrosioneffectsbut,ifthereportsfromtheCAPinspectionsareobtained,theinspectiontimeswillbearrangedinaccordancewiththeseverestproblem.你可以從ABC的經(jīng)銷商或工廠的客戶服務(wù)代表那里獲得適當(dāng)?shù)谋砀窀北竞托枰顚懙臈l目的說明。[單選題]*CopiesoftheappropriateformsandadescriptionoftheentriestobecompletedareavailabletoyoufromanABCdealerorFactoryCustomerServiceRepresentative.(正確答案)CopiesoftheproperformsandadescriptionoftheitemstobecompletedareavailabletoyoufromanABCtraderorProductionCustomerServiceRepresentative.TheABCtraderorProductionCustomerServiceRepresentativecouldprovidetheproperformcopiesandthedescriptionoftheitemstobeaccomplishedavailable.對于詞匯表，只有主要的變化被突出顯示，對各種已批準(zhǔn)和未批準(zhǔn)的示例的微小更改沒有突出顯示。[單選題]*Forvocabulary,onlymainalternationarehighlighted,minoralternationstomanyapprovedandnotapprovedexamplesarenothighlighted.Forwordlist,onlymajorchangesarehighlighted,minorchangestovariousapprovedandnotapprovedexamplesarenothighlighted.(正確答案)Forvocabulary,onlymainalternationareprominent,minoralternationstomanyapprovedandnotapprovedexamplesarenotprominent.緩慢地把RAT完全放出，并確保它不接觸其他部件。[單選題]*SlowlyandfullyextendtheRATandmakesurethatitdoesnottouchotherparts.(正確答案)QuicklyandfullyretracttheRATandmakesurethatitdoesnottouchotherparts.SlowlyandcarefullyextendtheRATandmakesurethatitdoesnotattachtootherparts.如果劃痕沒穿透保護(hù)層，這個裝置是可使用的。[單選題]*Ifthescratchdoesnotgothroughtheprotectivelayer,theunitisserviceable.(正確答案)Ifthenickdoesnotgothroughtheprimarysurface,theunitisserviceable.Ifthescratchdoesnotgothroughtheprotectivesurface,theunitismovable.確保液壓油箱內(nèi)的液壓油高于最低液面。[單選題]*Makesurethattheoilinthehydraulictankisabovetheminimumlever.Makesurethatthefluidinthehydraulicreservoirisabovetheminimumlevel.(正確答案)Makesurethatthefluidinthefuelreservoirisbelowthemaximumlevel.修訂意味著對現(xiàn)有手冊中的信息進(jìn)行修改。[單選題]*Aversionmeansmodifyingtheinformationintheexistingmanual.Areviseexplainscorrectinginformationinanoldmanual.Arevisionmeansamodificationofinformationinanexistingmanual.(正確答案)逆時針轉(zhuǎn)動旋鈕，以降低光的強(qiáng)度。[單選題]*Turntheknobclockwisetodecreasetheintensityofthelight.Turntheknobcounterclockwisetodecreasetheintensityofthelight.(正確答案)Inordertoturntheknobclockwise,decreasetheintensityofthelight.請勿更換電池。只有經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的服務(wù)提供商才能更換。[單選題]*Youcannotremovethebattery.Onlyanapprovedserviceprovidercanreplaceit.Donotreplacethebattery.Onlyanapprovedserviceprovidercanreplaceit.(正確答案)Donotreplacethebattery.Onlyanapprovalofaserviceprovidercanreplaceit.所有頁面上必須有制造商的報頭，出版物標(biāo)題，飛機(jī)型號，發(fā)行或修訂日期[單選題]*Themanufacturer'smarks,publicationtitle,airplanemodel,andissueorrevisiondatemustshownonallpages.Themanufacturer'sheadline,publicationtitle,airplanemodel,andissueorrevisiondatemustprintonallpages.Themanufacturer'smasthead,publicationtitle,airplanemodel,andissueorrevisiondatemustappearonallpages.(正確答案)將所有裝有不同金屬螺套或有較深盲孔的金屬零件在烤箱中干燥至少一小時，烤箱溫度為225到275華氏度（107to135°C）。[單選題]*Dryallmetalpartsthathavedifferentmetalinsertsordeepblindholesinanovenat225to275°F（107to135°C）foraminimumofonehour.(正確答案)Putalldifferentmetalinsertsordeepblindholesmetalpartsinanovenat225to275°F（107to135°C）foramaximumofonehour.Allmetalpartsthathavedifferentmetalinsertsordeepblindholesaredryinanovenof225to275°F（107to135°C）foraminimumofonehour.正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號是很重要的，因?yàn)樗@示了文本的不同部分是如何相互關(guān)聯(lián)的，并防止了歧義。[單選題]*Correctpunctuationisimportantbecauseitshowsthatthedifferentpartsofthetextarereconnectedandpreventsmiscomprehension.Correctpunctuationisimportantbecauseitshowshowthedifferentpartsofthetextareindependentandpreventsaccumulation.Correctpunctuationisimportantbecauseitshowshowthedifferentpartsofthetextarerelatedandpreventsambiguity.(正確答案)組件損壞嚴(yán)重，修理費(fèi)用超過總價的60%，車間建議報廢。[單選題]*Thecomponentwasdamagedbadly,therepairingcostisover60%ofthetotalprice.Theworkshopsuggestsreportingasanunserviceablepart.Thecomponentwasdamagedheavily;therepairingcostisover60%ofthetotalprice.Theworkshopsuggestsscrapping.(正確答案)Thecomponentwasdestroyedheavily;therepairingcostis60%ofthetotalprice.Theworkshopsuggestssegregation.確保氧氣管是完全清潔的。氧氣和滑油或油脂聚在一起會形成爆炸性混合物。爆炸會造成人員傷亡。[單選題]*Ensuretheoxygentubesarecompletelyclear.Ifoxygenismixedwithoilorcompoundtogether,itwillformanexplosives.Explosioncancausedamagetoequipmentorinjurytopersonnel.Makesurethattheoxygentubesarefullyclean.Oxygenandoilorgreasemakeanexplosivemixture.Anexplosioncancauseinjuryordeathtopersonnel.(正確答案)Guaranteetheoxygentubesarecompletelyfreeofdirts.Oxygen,oilandgreasecancombinetoformanexplosiveoxides.Explosionscancausecasualties.制造商可以省略對該產(chǎn)品不適用的系統(tǒng)/章節(jié)，或者在可行的情況下合并系統(tǒng)/章節(jié)。[單選題]*Systems/Chaptersthatarenotapplicabletotheproductbythemanufacturersmaybeomittedor,wherepossible,omitted.ManufacturersmayomitSystems/Chaptersthatdonotapplytotheproduct,oromitsuchSystems/Chapterswherefeasible.ManufacturersmayomitSystem/ChaptersthatarenotapplicabletotheproductorcombineSystem/Chapterswhereitisfeasible.(正確答案)用于感應(yīng)和指示過熱、煙霧或火災(zāi)情況的檢測系統(tǒng)，如果被制造商指定為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備配置，則是消防系統(tǒng)的一部分。[單選題]*Detectionisthatportionofthefireprotectionsystemwhichisusedtosenseandindicatethepresenceofoverheat,smoke,orfire,iffurnishedasmanufacturer-designatedstandardequipment.(正確答案)Ifspecifiedasstandardequipmentbythemanufacturer,suchequipmentisthatportionofthefireprotectionsystem.Detectionequipmentincludessystemsfortransmittingandindicatingconditionsofoverheating,smokeorfire.Iftheequipmentispartofafireprotectionsystemandisdesignatedasstandardequipmentbythemanufacturer,thedetectionequipmentincludesthesensingandindicationofoverheat,smokeorfire.設(shè)備冷卻系統(tǒng)通過主設(shè)備中心和駕駛艙的設(shè)備散熱。[單選題]*Theequipmentrefrigerationsystemexchangesthekeyequipmentcabinetsandtheequipmentinthecompartment.Theequipmentcoolingsystemremovesheatfromtheequipmentinthemainequipmentcenterandtheflightcompartment.(正確答案)Theequipmentexchangesystemremovesheatfromthelowerequipmentcenterandtheaftcargocompartment.任何異常均應(yīng)通過情況報告系統(tǒng)向ABC報告，以便在必要時對CAP進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充和/或修訂。[單選題]*AnyanomalyshouldbereportedtoABC,throughtheConditionReportingSystem,sothatadditionsand/orrevisionscanbemadetotheCAPwheredeemednecessary.(正確答案)ReportanyabnormalitytoABCbytheConditionReportingSystemtoverifysupplementand/orrevisionsneededasnecessarytotheCAP.ABCshallreceivetheanomaliesreportfromtheConditionReportingSystemforCAPtoaddand/orreviseasnecessary.如需更改維修方案，應(yīng)獲得設(shè)計部門的批準(zhǔn)。[單選題]*Gettheapprovalofthedesignauthority,whateveritisnecessarytochangetherepairscheme.Changetherepairscheme,untilgettingtheapprovalofthedesignauthority.Ifitisnecessarytochangetherepairscheme,gettheapprovalofthedesignauthority.(正確答案)當(dāng)交互供油系統(tǒng)打開時，一個燃油泵可以向兩臺發(fā)動機(jī)供油。[單選題]*Whenthecrossfeedsystemisopen,itispossibleforonefuelpumptosupplyfueltothetwoengines.(正確答案)Whenthesupplyingsystemisopen,itispossibleforonefuelpumptosupplyfueltothetwoengines.Onefuelpumpcansupplyfueltotwoengines,asthesupplyingsystemisopen.兩臺發(fā)動機(jī)泵的吸入管路中有電動閥。[單選題]*Thereareelectrically-operatedvalvesintheejectionlinestothetwoenginepumps.Thereareelectronic-operatedvalv