考研英語1986-1995年的閱讀理解真題及分析

1986—1995考研閱讀重點詞匯及長難句翻譯

1986Textl

Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisison

specialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineering,inproduction,instatistical

work,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareableto

takeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutany

onefield.Thereis,inotherwords,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingthe

forestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.1Wecancallthesepeople

“generalists."Andthese“generalists“areparticularlyneededforpositionsin

administration,whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wherethey

havetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeotherpeople'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.

Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.He

isa“trained''man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalor

professional.Thegeneralist-andespeciallytheadministrator-dealswithpeople;

hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan

“educated"man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisa

specialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalso

agoodspecialistinparticularfield.2Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,

thoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtaskto

findout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufit,and

toplanyourcareeraccordingly.3

Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou—butthisispureaccident.

Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousof

yourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobas

thefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfand

yourfitnessforbeinganemployee.

26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.

[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields

[B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'swork

[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional

[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidanceto

others

27.Thespecialistis.

[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople

[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields

[C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees

[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

28.Theadministratoris.

[A]a"trained“manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist

[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest

[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

[D]amanwhoisan“educated“specialist

29.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.

[A]totrytobeageneralist

[B]tochooseaprofitablejob

[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou

[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

30.Aman'sfirstjob.

[A]isnevertherightjobforhim

fB]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob

[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytohold

anyjob

[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

重點詞匯：

specialization:n.特別化;專門化;（意義的）限定

Therehasbeenincreasedeconomicspecializationthroughoutthecountry.

整個國家的經(jīng)濟專門化程度越來越高。

statistical:adj.統(tǒng)計的，統(tǒng)計學的，以數(shù)據(jù)表示的

They'remakingdetailedstatisticalanalysis.

他們正在做具體的統(tǒng)計分析。

suspicious：adj.表示懷疑的

Thepolicearesuspiciousofhisalibibecausehealreadyhasarecord.

警方對他不在場的辯解表示懷疑,因為他已有前科。

seethat:注意，務必,保證

Seethatthedoorislockedbeforeyouleave.

離開時一定要鎖門。

thehumanities：人文學科

長難句：

1.然而對另一種人的需求也在增加，這種人或許對某一特定領域所知有

限但他們視野開闊，能將大片風景收入眼底。換言之，社會對于“見

林而不見木”即能夠作出一般性判斷的人才有需求。

2.很少有專家能成為管理者，而優(yōu)秀的通才也很難成為某一特定領域的

專家。

3.在求學過程中弄清自己適合這兩種工作中的哪一種從而進行自身的職

業(yè)規(guī)劃，責任在你。

Text2

AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAge

and,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainranges

whoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacomplete

blankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.

AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,

coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,Asia,

andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeand

Australiacombined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemost

unobstructedwaterareasoftheworld-theAtlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.1

Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theair

overtheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscold

aircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestin

theworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeend

oftheglobeareinhabited/Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000miles

oftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia—

aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweatherstations,

withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,or

settlement.

31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.

[A]Iceland

[B]LandofOpportunity

[C]TheUnknownContinent

[D]UtopiaatLast

32.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.

[A]verylimited

[B]vast

[C]fairlyrich

[D]nonexistent

33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe.

[A]PacificOcean

[B]IndianOcean

[C]AtlanticOcean

[D]Allthree

34.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.

[A]coldair

[Blcalmseas

[C]ice

[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent

35.Accordingtothisarticle.

[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent

[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole

[C]weatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemake

settlementsimpractical

[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarctica

重點詞匯：

hem:vt.包圍（另有名詞詞義：布的褶邊）

Thesoldierswerehemmedinonallsides.

士兵們被四面包圍了。

unobstructed:adj.不被阻塞的；沒有障礙的；暢通無阻的

Laythemontheirsideandensuretheairwayisunobstructed.

讓他們側躺著，并確保呼吸道暢通。

render:vt.致使

Hisstammerrenderedhimunfitforateachingjob.

他的口吃毛病使他不宜擔任教職。

inhabit:vt.居住于，棲居于

Woodpeckersinhabithollowtrees.

啄木鳥棲息在中空的樹中。

長難句：

1北極是一片海洋，為漂流的冰塊所覆蓋，四周被歐洲，亞洲和北美洲所包

圍。南極則是一塊大陸，有歐洲和澳洲加起來那么大，約略以南磁極為中心，

四周被地球上最遼闊的水域一大西洋、太平洋和印度洋所圍繞。

2南極大陸上的這股寒流如此強勁，以致其附近區(qū)域成了世界上風暴最猛烈的

海域；寒流導致這些區(qū)域不適合人類居住，而地球另一端的相同位置卻住上了

人。

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(10points)

26.[B]27.[D]28.[C]29.[D]30.[B]

31.[C]32.[A]33.[D]34.[A]35.[C]

1987Text1

Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinese

childrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotation

ceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,calleda“Helix,“

whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.

Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpiloted

astrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardly

andverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabovetheground,

wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalleda

helicopter.1

Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonal

helicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsof

passengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.

Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsin

militarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraft

cannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitanareasuse

theminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvarious

advantageousways,engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoil

companiesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstations

accessibletocrewsandsupplies.2Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisa

likelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacross

town,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescuework,andaidinthesearchformissing

orwantedpersons.

11.Peopleexpectthat.

[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters

[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefrom

placetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing

[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer'sinventionwouldbecomea

realityinthefuture

[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersof

today

12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof.

[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop

[B]arotatingdevicetopside

[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend

[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting

13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?

[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.

[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.

[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.

[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverage

individuals.

14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?

[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.

[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.

[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.

[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.

15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?

[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.

fB]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.

[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.

[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.

重點詞匯：

apparatus：n.器械，儀器；設備，裝置

Theyhaveinstalledwirelessapparatusonboard.

他們已在船上安裝了無限電設備。

anticipate：vt.期望；預料

Thedirectorsanticipatedafallindemand.

董事們預感需求會降低。

ThefirstquestionisonewhichJasonhasanticipated.

第一個問題是杰森料到的。

airborne：adj.在空中的，（飛機）在飛行中的；空運的，空中運輸?shù)?；機

載的；空氣傳播的

Thealbatrosscanstayairborneatseafordaysatatime.

信天翁在海上可以一連在空中待幾天。

accessible：adj.容易取得的，容易獲得的，容易達到的；可接近的，可

進入的；易接近的，易進入的；（指人）易見到的，易相處的，平易近

人的，可與之打交道的；可理解的，易懂的；易受影響的，易感染

的，易受引誘的

Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessibleto

children.

藥品不應放在兒童容易拿到的地方。

長難句：

1.它從原地垂直升空，顯得很笨拙，在離地兒英尺高的地方盤旋了一會

兒，時而向側面傾斜，時而向后倒，最后落回地面。

2.企業(yè)把直升飛機當空中辦公室使用，許多大都市區(qū)則將其用于警務工

作，建筑業(yè)和伐木業(yè)也在很多方面對其加以應用并從中獲益，工程師

將它們用于場地選擇與調查研究，而石油公司認為它們是將人員和供

給送達離岸和遠距離工作站的最好方式。

Text2

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligious

associations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,

kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanational

eventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,

international.1NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsome

officialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainby

MountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,but

nomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonored

personswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,but

eventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,

thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringof

holyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthe

footracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceived

noprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.How

theirresultscomparedwithmodernstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansof

telling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspended

bytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeople

believedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybody

producedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswas

preferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanother

suchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountry

providesvastfacilities,includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandliving

accommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes9expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMount

Olympusbythesun'srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.The

torchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,anditbums

throughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,

however,isamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingof

allfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

16.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

[B]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour

[C]hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition

[D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

17.IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames.

[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames

[B]allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotake

part

[C]allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteinGames

[D]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames

18.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics.

[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

[B]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

[C]wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonortheGameswereheld

[D]wasconsideredunimportant

19.Modernathletes5resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunners

because.

[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults

[B]theyaremuchbetter

[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast

[D]theyaremuchworse

20.Nowadays,theathletes9expensesarepaidfor.

[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

[C]bytheathletesthemselves

[D]bycontributions

重點詞匯：

association：n.聯(lián)想，聯(lián)想物

Whatassociationdoyouhavewiththecolorgreen?

綠色會使你產(chǎn)生什么聯(lián)想？

abolish：vt.廢除,廢止

TheAmericansabolishedslaveryin1863.

美國于1863年廢除奴隸制度。

dishonor：vt.使丟臉，使受恥辱

Hedishonoredhisteambycheatingduringthecompetition.

他在比賽時作弊,使他的隊蒙受恥辱。

suspend：vt.暫停，終止

Bothsidesintheconflicthaveagreedtemporarilytosuspendhostilities.

沖突雙方同意暫時?；稹?/p>

interlocking：連鎖的，連扣的

inhonorof：為了向…表示敬意;紀念…

Abanquetwasgiveninhonorofthedistinguishedguests.

宴會是為了向貴賓們致敬而舉行的。

長難句：

1.奧林匹亞運動會是為了向奧林匹斯眾神之王宙斯致敬而舉行的，每四

年舉行一次；該運動會最終失卻了其地方性質，先是變成一個全國性

賽事，在反對外國運動員參賽的規(guī)則廢除后則成了國際性的賽事。

Text3

Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain"sufferswithcivilization'severy

stepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricity,magnetism,and

gravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredicted,butoftheirnaturenomoreis

knowntothemodemscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureofthe

electrificationofamber,ahardyellowish-browngum.1Mostcontemporaryphysicists

rejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really"are.

“Electricity,“BertrandRussellsays,“isnotathing,likeSt.Paul'sCathedral;itisa

wayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyare

electrified,andunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrified,wehavetoldallthereis

toUntilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.Aristotle,for

example,whosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyears,

believedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-

evidentprinciples.2Hefelt,forexample,thatitisaself-evidentprinciplethat

everythingintheuniversehasitsproperplace,henceonecandeducethatobjectsfall

tothegroundbecausethat'swheretheybelong,andsmokegoesupbecausethat's

whereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.

ModemsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappen

andthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasis

ofscientificinvestigation.3

21.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis.

[A]toexplainwhythingshappen

[B]toexplainhowthingshappen

[C]todescribeself-evidentprinciples

[D]tosupportAristotelianscience

22.Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears?

[A]thespeculationsofThales

[B]theforcesofelectricity,magnetism,andgravity

[C]Aristotle'snaturalscience

[D]Galileo'sdiscoveries

23.BertrandRusselfsnotionaboutelectricityis.

[A]disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists

[B]inagreementwithAristotle'stheoryofself-evidentprinciples

[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"how”things

happen

[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward"why”things

happen

24.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea.

[Althattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse

[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are

[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples

[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo

25.Modernsciencecameintobeing.

[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced

[B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen

[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen

[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoning

重點詞匯：

predict：vt.&vi.預言；預測；預示

Ipredictedtheirgettingintotrouble.

我料到他們會倒霉。

dominate：vt.&vi.控制，支配,統(tǒng)治，左右，影響

Forpoliticiansonequestiondominatesallothers:whoisgoingtopay?

對政治家來說，一個問題足以壓倒其他一切問題，即誰來買單？

deduce：vt.推論，演繹

Onecanonlydeducethatthemilitaryarewatchingthesituation.

我們只能推斷，軍隊正在觀望事態(tài)發(fā)展。

originate：vt.創(chuàng)造，倉4始,開創(chuàng);發(fā)明

Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanyotherreforms.

蒸汽的使用引起了許多其他變革。

長難句：

1.這些科學概念的效應能夠被測量及預測，但論及其性質，現(xiàn)代科學家

不會比泰勒斯知道得更多，后者是從事琥珀（一種棕黃色的堅硬樹

膠）電氣化性質研究的第一人。

2.例如亞里士多德就相信，以不證自明的原則作指導進行推理人是能夠

了解事實真相的，而他的自然科學思想統(tǒng)治了西方兩千年。

3.現(xiàn)代科學始于伽利略開始試著去解釋事情是怎么發(fā)生的，由此產(chǎn)生了

控制實驗法，進而形成了現(xiàn)在科學調查的基礎。

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(15points)

11.fB]12.fB]13.[D]14.[A]15.[D]

16.[B]17.[A]18.[A]19.[C]20.[B]

21.[B]22.[C]23.[C]24.[B]25.[A]

1988Text1

Itdoesn'tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhat

youreadorstudyifyoucan'trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybe

youhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.

Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohavea

specificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyou

knowwhyyou'rereading.

Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffer

tohelpis,“No,thankyou.I'mjustlooking"?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyou

aren'tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,

“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses."Shesays,"Rightthisway,please.^^And

youandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.

It'squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“just

looking^^fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat-nothing.Butifyou

doknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.

Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,

“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurpose

orreasonforwhatheisdoing.1

Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomething

likethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteabout

America.I'mreadingthisarticletofindout.^^Or,'Tmgoingtoskimthisstorytosee

whatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.^^Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingor

studying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.

Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthe

sametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesame

timeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.2Youhave

akindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,they

mightsoundlikethis:"Yes,Iagree.That'smyopiniontoo."or"Ummmm,Ithought

thatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I'dbettercheckthosedates,"or"Butthereare

someotherfactstobeconsidered!,9Youdon'tjustsittheretakinginideas-youdo

somethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.

Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,

relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inother

words,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhave

discovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedby

evidence.Opinionsareone'sownpersonalreactions.

Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawing

accurateinferences.

16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,.

[A]itisnosurprise

[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything

[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook

[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance

17.Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant.

[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading

[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose

[C]torememberwhatyouread

fD]tochooseaninterestingbook

18.Readingactivityinvolves.

[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses

[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically

[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions

[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences

19.Agoodreaderisonewho.

[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter

[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading

[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading

[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknown

重點詞匯：

skim：vt.&vi.掠過,輕輕擦過；略讀,瀏覽

It'simportantforyoutoskimthroughthetext.

瀏覽課文對你來說很重要。

medieval：adj.中古的，中世紀的

Spanishboats,followingthetraditionsofthemedievalBasques,fishall

overtheworld.

遵循中世紀巴斯克人傳統(tǒng)的西班牙漁船，仍在世界各地捕魚。

accurately：adv.正確無誤地，準確地

Thearticleaccuratelyreflectspublicopinion.

文章如實反映了公眾的意見。

evaluate：vt.評價,估計，估價

Itjustgivesyoufeedbacktohelpyouevaluateyourfitnesstocomplete

tasksthatrequirelotsofeffortandconcentration.

它只是給你一些反饋來幫助你評估是否適合做一些需要很多精力集中

的任務。

distinguish：vt.&vi,辨別,區(qū)別

Wecandistinguishbetweengoldandsilver.

我們能區(qū)分金和銀。

atrandom：任意地；隨便地

Theteachermightsuddenlyaddressindividualstudentsatrandom.

老師可能隨意突然地與個別學生談話。

長難句：

1.閱讀或學習的原因可能多種多樣，包括“想更多地了解某事某物”“想

明白某事某物其中的原因”“想了解某事某物是怎樣發(fā)生的”。

2.閱讀時你快速而準確地吸收著別人的想法，但與此同時當你對所讀材

料作出反應時你也向自己表達了你的想法。

Text2

Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsof

noise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextent

ofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoise

is,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmore

preciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatare

unrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsidered

relevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisdoingat

themoment.1Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsof

noiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution^^havearisen,together

withmovementstoreducenoise.

Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossof

hearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.

Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,

drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsare

playing.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureof

theloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondto

varioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficient

periodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependuponthe

particularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwh