Fundamentals of Forest Products Chemical Processing 林產(chǎn)化工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年?yáng)|北林業(yè)大學(xué)

FundamentalsofForestProductsChemicalProcessing林產(chǎn)化工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年?yáng)|北林業(yè)大學(xué)Cellulosefibersareinsolubleinmostconventionalsolvents,includingwater.

答案:對(duì)Onthebasisofthecross-linkingmethod,thehydrogelscanbedividedintochemicalgelsandphysicalgels.

答案:對(duì)Hemicelluloseandcellulosefollowthesamebiosyntheticroutes.

答案:對(duì)Themechanismsbywhichtheheatmayflowarethree:conduction,convection,andradiation.

答案:對(duì)Biochemicalpretreatmentismainlyusedtoovercomerecalcitrantmaterialandincreasesurfaceareatooptimizecelluloseaccessibilitytocellulases.

答案:對(duì)Thevisuallyobservable“woodgrain”,whichresultsfromthehigherorderarrangementanddirectionalityofvariouscelltypes,

答案:對(duì)Oneofaclassofsubstancesthatcannotbeseparatedintosimplersubstancesbychemicalmeansareknownaselements.

答案:對(duì)Thecrystallinitiesofcellulosenanocrystalssamplesproducedfrombleachedpulp?bersusingstrongacidhydrolysiswerenotsubstantiallygreaterthanthatoftheoriginal?bers.

答案:對(duì)Whethertherawmaterialisvegetableoilorbeeftallow,thebio-dieselproducersrefertothismainingredientasfeedstock.

答案:對(duì)Ingeneral,crystallizationmaybeanalyzedfromthestandpointofpurity,yield,energyrequirements,andratesofformationandgrowthofcrystals.

答案:對(duì)Inthepapermakingprocess,thefirststepisrefining.

答案:對(duì)Naturalrubbercomesfromthemilkysapofatropicaltree.

答案:對(duì)Alkanesareunsaturatedhydrocarbons.

答案:錯(cuò)ThemostcommoncellulasegroupsproducedbyT.reeseithatcleavetheβ-1,4-glycosidicbondsareβ-glucosidase,endoglucanasesandexoglucanases.

答案:對(duì)Intheprocessofliquid-liquidextraction,theliquid-mixturefeedandsolventaremiscible.

答案:錯(cuò)Insomecases,momentum,heat,andmasstransferalloccursimultaneously.

答案:對(duì)HydrothermalwasfirstusedbytheBritishgeologistSirRoderickMurchison(1792-1871)todescribetheactionofwateratelevatedtemperatureandpressure,inbringingaboutchangesintheearth’scrustleadingtotheformationofvariousrocksandminerals.

答案:對(duì)Allmatterismadefromsomekindsofchemicals.

答案:對(duì)Additionalcleaningandconditioningstepsmayberequiredtoremoveothercontaminantssuchasammonia,sulfur,andcarbondioxide.

答案:對(duì)Hardwoodisalwaysharderthansoftwood.

答案:錯(cuò)Thedegreeofassociationbetweenligninmoleculesdecreasedwithdecreasingionizationofthecarboxylicgroupinthelignin.

答案:錯(cuò)Woodcellstransportandstorewaterandnutrientsthroughouttheorganism.

答案:對(duì)Whenheatingaliquidinatest-tube,weneedpointthetest-tubeawayfromotherpeople.

答案:對(duì)Beforeenteringthepapermachine,waterisaddedtothepulpslurrytomakeathinmixturenormallycontaininglessthan5percentfiber.

答案:錯(cuò)Sulfitepulpingcanproceedbothinalkaline,pH-neutral,oracidicconditions.

答案:對(duì)Thepillsandmedicineweuseareallmadefromchemicals,thataretheretomakeourbodystrongerandtokillvirusesandbacteria.

答案:對(duì)Activatedcarboncanonlyabsorbodors.

答案:錯(cuò)Allelementsaresymbolizedbyabbreviationsderivedfromtheirmodernnames.

答案:錯(cuò)Aprimaryalcoholcanbeoxidizedtoanaldehyde,anditcan'tfurtheroxidationyieldsacarboxylicacid.

答案:錯(cuò)Filtrationisaprocessusedtoseparatesolidsfromliquidsusingafiltermediumthatallowsthefluidtopassthroughbutnotthesolid.

答案:對(duì)Flavonoidsgenerallyoccurinplantsasglycosylatedderivatives.

答案:對(duì)Pulpingistheprocessbywhichthebondswithinthecellulosicfibersinthecellwallsarerupturedeithermechanicallyorchemically.

答案:對(duì)ConcentratedacidsmustbeneutralizedwithNaHCO3beforedisposingthemdownthesink.

答案:對(duì)Modificationsonhydroxylgroupscanleadtotheformationofpolyolderivativesoflignin.

答案:對(duì)Thestandardizationandqualityaspectofherbalmedicinebecomesahighprofileissue.

答案:對(duì)Theseparationoperationcalleddistillationutilizesvaporandliquidphasesatessentiallythesametemperatureandpressureforthecoexistingzones.

答案:對(duì)Approximately80%oftheglobaloilandfatproductionisanimalorigin,whereas20%isofvegetableoil.

答案:錯(cuò)Asecondaryalcoholcanbeoxidizedtoaketone.

答案:對(duì)Safetygogglesandlaboratorycoathastobewornatalltimeinalaboratory.

答案:對(duì)Inwood,thenaturalstateofcellulose,calledcelluloseII.

答案:錯(cuò)Extractionandcharacterizationofseveralactivephyto-compoundsfromthesegreenfactorieshavegivenbirthtosomehighactivityprofiledrugs.

答案:對(duì)Activecarboniscarbonthathasbeentreatedwithoxygen.

答案:對(duì)Dependingonthenatureofcellulosicmaterials,celluloseaerogelsincludecellulosederivative-basedones,regeneratedcellulose-basedones,andnanocellulose-basedones.

答案:對(duì)Cellulosehydrogelscanbepreparedfromacellulosesolutionthroughphysicalcross-linking.

答案:對(duì)Phosphoricacidcannotbeusedtopreparecrystallinecellulosenanoparticles.

答案:錯(cuò)O2isacompound.

答案:錯(cuò)Generally,thermalenergy,chemicaltreatmentarethemainstrategyfordepolymerizinglignin.

答案:對(duì)Therearethreecommonstatesofmatter:gaseous,liquid,andsolid.

答案:對(duì)Thebasicflavonoidstructureistheflavannucleus,whichconsistsof15carbonatomsarrangedinthreerings(C6-C3-C6).

答案:對(duì)Plantoilsaretriglycerides,tri-estersofglycerolwithlongchainfattyacids,withvaryingcompositionoffattyacidsdependingontheplant,thecrop,theseason,andthegrowingconditions.

答案:對(duì)Thebleachingstepisnecessaryinthepulpingandpapermakingprocess.

答案:錯(cuò)Furfuralisexclusivelyproducedfromlignocellulosicbiomassbydehydratingpentose.

答案:對(duì)Polyphenolsaregenerallywater-insolublecompounds.

答案:錯(cuò)Thecellulosemicrofibrilsonlyhavecrystallineregions.

答案:錯(cuò)Typicallyphotosynthesisconverts10%oftheavailablesunlighttostored,chemicalenergy.

答案:錯(cuò)Theradicalpolymerizationofvinylicmonomersontoligninhasbeenusedtopreparelignin-graftcopolymersbya‘‘graftingfrom”procedure.

答案:對(duì)Thetwoatomsofanoxygenmoleculearejoinedtogetherbyanionicbond.

答案:錯(cuò)Pretreatmentwithdiluteacidhaslittleeffectonlignin.

答案:錯(cuò)Modificationofligninpriortoresinsynthesishastypicallybeenperformedbyreactingligninwithphenolinthepresenceoforganicsolventssuchasmethanolorethanol.

答案:對(duì)Inthelaboratory,themostbasicformoffiltrationisusinggravitytofilteramixture.

答案:對(duì)Evaporationistheremovalofsolventasvaporfromasolution,slurryorsuspension.

答案:對(duì)Asthemixtravelsupaconveyer,anelectromagnetremovesanymetalcontaminates.

答案:對(duì)Evenifhighlyvolatilesolventsareexposedtoasourceoffire,theywillnotcauseafire.

答案:錯(cuò)Diluteacidhydrolysis(1-3%)candestroycellulosecrystalsatroomtemperature.

答案:錯(cuò)Inafallingfilmevaporator,theliquidisfedatthebottomofthetubesinaverticaltubebundle.

答案:錯(cuò)Thedegreeofunsaturation,whichcanbeexpressedbytheiodinevalue(amountofiodineingthatcanreactwithdoublebondspresentin100gofsampleunderspecifiedconditions).

答案:對(duì)Heartwoodisoftendarkerthanthesapwood.

答案:對(duì)Theterm"chemicalengineer"impliesthatthepersonisprimarilyanengineerwhosefirstprofessionalconcerniswithmanufacturingprocesses-makingsomething,ormakingsomeprocesswork.

答案:對(duì)TheTgandviscosityofthecopolymercanbeincreasedbyincreasingthelengthofthegraftchain.

答案:錯(cuò)ThelignincontentwasestimatedbythegravimetricKlasonprocedure.

答案:對(duì)Biochemicalapproachesincludethreeunit-operationsnamely,pretreatment,hydrolysis,anddistillation.

答案:錯(cuò)Chemicalactivationisusuallycarriedoutatlowertemperatures(from400to700℃)withactivatingagentslikephosphoricacid,potassiumhydroxide,sodiumhydroxideandzincchloride.

答案:對(duì)Whenthepaperisdryitmaybetreatedwithstabilizingmaterialsandsurfacefinishestoimprovedurabilityorprintability.

答案:對(duì)Thetraditionaltechniquesofsolventextractionofplantmaterialsaremostlybasedonthecorrectchoiceofsolventsandtheuseofheator/andagitationtoincreasethesolubilityofthedesiredcompoundsandimprovethemasstransfer.

答案:對(duì)Generally,thecellulosiccellwallfromnearlyanyplantortreescanbeusedforpulp.

答案:對(duì)Biomassismostlymadeupofcarbon,hydrogen,compoundsdidnotburncalledash.

答案:對(duì)Awormscrewsupplythemixturetoapressroll,aconstantsprayofwaterkeepsthemixturefromstickingtoit.

答案:對(duì)Furfuralcanbeproducedbyaone-steporatwo-stepprocess.Theadvantageoftheone-stepprocessisthatahigherquantityoffurfuralisproducedwhencomparedtothetwo-stepprocess.

答案:錯(cuò)Theyspraytherubbercubeswithamixofcalciumcarbonateandsolventthemixtureformsthefilmonthecubesthatpreventsmoldandkeepsthemfromstickingtogetherduringtransport.

答案:對(duì)Ifthefeedisintroducedatonepointalongthecolumnshell,thecolumnisdividedintoanuppersection,whichisoftencalled

thestrippingsection,andalowersection,whichisoftenreferredtoastherectifyingsection.

答案:錯(cuò)Filtercakesareformedlateinthefluidflow.

答案:錯(cuò)Hotairblowsintothisdryertobringthesugarshumidityleveldownto0.05percent,thatstandardfortablesugar.

答案:錯(cuò)Heatfluxesmaythenbebasedeitherontheinsideareaortheoutsideareaofthechoiceisarbitrary.

答案:對(duì)Extractionmaybeusedtoseparatemorethantwocomponents;andmixturesofsolvents,insteadofasinglesolvent,areneededinsomeapplications.

答案:對(duì)Sodiumhydroxideandcalciumhydroxidecanbeusedinsteadofpotassiumhydroxidetoneutralizetheacid.

答案:對(duì)Dryingisanabsolutetermthatmeansacertainvalue.

答案:錯(cuò)Themainresistancetotheflowofheatormasstoasurfacelieswithinthelaminarsublayer.

答案:對(duì)Anyevaporatorthatusespumptoensurehighercirculationvelocityiscalledaforcedcirculationevaporator.

答案:對(duì)Polyphenolsalsocharacteristicallypossessasignificantbindingaffinityforproteins,whichcanleadtotheformationofsolubleandinsolubleprotein-polyphenolcomplexes

答案:對(duì)Terpeneisderivefroma5Ccompound,isoprene.

答案:對(duì)Therearetwodifferenttypesofpolysaccharidehydrolysis,involvingacidic(sulfuricacid)orenzymaticreactions.

答案:對(duì)LigninmainlyhastwotypesoflinkagesincludingC-CandC-O-C.

答案:對(duì)Thenon-bondedorbitalinteractions(π-πinteractions)ofthearomaticgroupscouldcausedtheassociationofligninmolecules.

答案:對(duì)Thearomaticmoietiespresentintheligninstructurewillimprovethemechanicalandthermalpropertiesofepoxyresins.

答案:對(duì)Cardanoldoublebondmaybeepoxidisedorundergoolefin-metathesisreactionwhichmayactasmodifiedmonomerfortheformationofdifferentsetofpolymers.

答案:對(duì)Thereactivityofligninhasnothingtodowithitssolubility.

答案:錯(cuò)Inadditiontoglucomannan,minoramountsofmiscellaneouspolysaccharidesarepresentinhardwoods.

答案:錯(cuò)Thesofteningtemperature(Ts)ofligninsindrystateishigherthanthatinmoistlignins.

答案:對(duì)Highlyporousaerogelsusuallytendtoshowhigheroil-sorptioncapacities

答案:對(duì)Therelativedistributionofphenolicnucleiinligninstronglydiffersbetweenplantspecies.

答案:對(duì)Theroleofhemicelluloseistomodifyandcrosslinkthebasicfibrilsandpromotetheinteractionbetweenotherbiopolymers.

答案:對(duì)Theouterlayer(S1)isthickerthanThemiddlelayer(S2).

答案:錯(cuò)Fossilisedbiomasshas

beenexploitedascoalandoil.

答案:對(duì)Cellulosehasmanyhydroxylgroupswhichcanformhydrogenbondinglinkednetworkeasily.

答案:對(duì)Softwoodsaremainlyvesselmembers,fibres,andparenchyma,andhardwoodsaremainlymadeofmadeoftracheidsandparenchyma.

答案:對(duì)Klasonlignin

isastandardanalyticalmethodtomeasurethelignincontentoflignocellulosicbiomass.

答案:對(duì)Starchonlyhasoneforms,i.e.amylose.

答案:錯(cuò)Foresterificationreactionofcellulose,theconversionwaslowandforsilynationreaction,theconversionisgoodbutwithahighcost.

答案:對(duì)Inthecaseoffirealarm,weneedstopallofyourongoingwork,turnoffgasandelectricdevices.

答案:對(duì)Ifyouworkwithflammablesolvent,makesurethereisnosourceofignitioncloseby.

答案:對(duì)Ifaliquidgetsinto