2022年考研英語(yǔ)（二）真題及答案解析

2022年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語(yǔ)(二)試

題及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou'reawriter,you'IIfindthetime;andthatif

youcan*tfindthetime,thenwritingisn'tapriorityandyou*renotawriter.For

him,writingisa1job-ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing,pointingout

thataplumberdoesn,twakeupandsaythathecan*tworkwithpipestoday.

3,likemostwritersthesedays,you'reholidaydownajobtopaythebills,

itsnot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butitsnotimpossible.Itrequires

determinationandsingle-mindedness.5thatmostbestsellingauthorsbegan

writingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriters

whoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingincome.

AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it1sa8ofpriorities.Tomakewritinga

priority,you'IIhaveto9someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyou

reallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspending

lesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite

11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto12theamountofexerciseorsportyou

do.You'IIhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily；

time-consuming14.There7IIprobablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourfriends

andlesstimewithyourfamily.Itsa15learningcurve,anditwon'talwaysmake

youpopular.

There"sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,16your

writing-andthat*sreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyas

theycan;itstheone17supporter-somethingyoucan'tdowithout.

Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitas

carefullyandas19aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwe

spendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou'reawriter,that

means20writing.

1.[A]difficult[B]normal[C]steady[D]pleasant

2.[A]combined[B]compared[C]confused[D]confronted

3.[A]If[B]Though[C]Once[D]Unless

4.[A]enough[B]strange[C]wrong[D]easy

5.[A]Accept[B]Explain[C]Remember[D]Suppose

6.[A]well-known[B]well-advised[C]well-informed[D]well-chosen

7.[A]donate[B]generate[C]supplement[D]calculate

8.[A]cause[B]purpose[C]question[D]condition

9.[A]highlight[B]sacrifice[C]continue[D]explore

10.[A]relations[B]interests[C]memories[D]skills

11.[A]until[B]because[C]while[D]before

12.[A]putupwith[B]makeupfor[C]hangonto[D]cutdownon

13.[A]intelligent[B]occasional[C]intensive[D]emotional

14.[A]habit[B]test[C]decision[D]plan

15.[A]tough[B]gentle[C]rapid[D]funny

16.[A]inplaceof[B]inchargeof[C]inresponseto[D]inadditionto

17.[A]indispensable[B]innovative[C]invisible[D]instant

18.[A]duller[B]harder[C]quieter[D]quicker

19.[A]peacefully[B]generously[C]productively[D]gratefully

20[A]atmost[B]inturn[C]onaverage[D]aboveall

【答案】

1.[B]normal

2.[B]compared

3.[B]Though

4.[D]easy

5.[C]Remember

6.[A]well-known

7.[C]supplement

8.[C]question

9.[B]sacrifice

10.[B]interests

11.[C]while

12.[D]cutdownon

13.[B]occasional

14.[A]habit

15.[A]tough

16.[D]inadditionto

17.[A]indispensable

18.[D]quicker

19.[C]productively

20.[D]aboveall

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,BzCorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown's40

windsweptacresinShiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Others

drinkwaterwiththecows.Thisallseemsrandom,butit'sbydesign,partofwhat

the$6.1billionU.S.eggindustrybetswillbeitsnextbigthing:climate-friendly

eggs.

Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8a

dozen,arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly,butthey*realsofrombirds

thatliveonfarmsusingregenerativeagriculture—specialtechniquestocultivate

richsoilsthatcantrapgreenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelping

tofightclimatechange.

"Vmexcitedaboutourprogress/'saysBrown,whoharvestseggsfor

Denver-basedNestFreshEggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawworms

andcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirds'wastethenfertilizesfields.Such

improvements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwill

begoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers/1

Theeggindustry1spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproducts

fromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.Inbarelymore

thanadecade,organiceggswentfrombeingdismissedasanicheproductin

naturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilar

doubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedinto

majorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful,itcould

openthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.

Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptistoughto

definequickly,saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsat

PennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,

improvementtothefoodproducts(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshave

moreprotein).

Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremium

attributessuchasfree-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembrace

sustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsaremoreconcernedabout

climatechange,andsomeofthesuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkedupto

shopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironmentYoungadults

Mreallycareabouttheplanet,"saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEgg

Innovations."TheyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeven

theyunderstandwhatthey'redoing.”

21.Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced.

[A]ataconsiderablylowcost

[B]atthedemandofregularshoppers

[C]asareplacementfororganiceggs

[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms

22.LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin.

[A]reducingthedamageofclimatechange

[B]acceleratingthedisposalofwaste

[C]creatingasustainablesystem

[D]attractingcustomerstohisproducts

23.TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest

[A]thedoubtsovernaturalfeeds

[B]thesetbacksintheeggindustry

[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts

[D]thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets

24.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople

[A]arereluctanttochangetheirdiet

[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs

[C]arecuriousaboutnewfood

[D]areamazedatagricultureadvances

25.JohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonoverregenerative

products.

[A]marketprospects

[B]standarddefinition

[C]nutritionalvalue

[D]moralimplication

【答案】

21.[D]onspeciallydesignedfarms

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞climate-friendlyeggs定位到第一段末句：

Thisallseemsrandom,butitsbydesign,partof...nextbigthing:climate-friendly

eggs（這看起來(lái)隨意，但其實(shí)是設(shè)計(jì)好的，是下一個(gè)大事件氣候友好蛋的一部分）。其中This

指的是第一段開頭描述的養(yǎng)雞農(nóng)場(chǎng)景象。養(yǎng)雞農(nóng)場(chǎng)是設(shè)計(jì)好的，用于生產(chǎn)氣候友好蛋，由此

可知?dú)夂蛴押玫笆窃趕peciallydesignedfarms（經(jīng)過(guò)特別設(shè)計(jì)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)）上生產(chǎn)的，所以本題

選Do

22.[C]creatingasustainablesystem

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogress

定位到第三段①句，該句提到（Brown）isaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawworms

andcricketsforthechickenstoeat（Browr）正在添加更多的覆蓋作物來(lái)吸引蠕蟲和蟋蟀

給雞吃）。結(jié)合②句Thebirds'wastethenfertilizesfields（然后雞的排泄物可以給田地施

肥）和③句中的Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-quality

naturalfeed…"（這樣的改進(jìn)使我們的母雞能夠找到更高質(zhì)量的天然食物）可知，C項(xiàng)

creatingasustainablesystem（創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可持續(xù)的系統(tǒng)）是對(duì)①-③句的合理概括，所以本

題選C。

23.[C]thepotentialofregenerativeproducts

【解析】本題為例證題。例證題通常考查根據(jù)論據(jù)尋找論點(diǎn)的能力，論點(diǎn)一般在論據(jù)

的前面。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞organiceggs定位到第四段②句，該句為論據(jù)，其所要說(shuō)明的事

物為①句：whetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenext

premiumoffering（來(lái)自再生農(nóng)場(chǎng)的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品能否成為下一個(gè)優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品）。C項(xiàng)the

potentialofregenerativeproducts（再生產(chǎn)品的潛力）是對(duì)①句中問(wèn)題的合理概括，所以

本題選C。

24.[B]arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的youngpeople可先定位到最后一段中的②句：

youngergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange（年輕一代更力口關(guān)心

氣候變化）。結(jié)合③句中的Youngadults"reallycareabouttheplanet"（年輕人真的關(guān)

心地球）和④句中的Theyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchain（他們絕對(duì)在改變食物鏈）,

可以判斷年輕人很可能在從食物方面為改善氣候和地球環(huán)境做貢獻(xiàn)。B項(xiàng)arelikelytobuy

climate-friendlyeggs（可能購(gòu)買氣候友好蛋）是對(duì)②-④句的合理推斷，所以本題選B。

25.[A]marketprospects

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的JohnBrunnquell定位到最后一段中的③句,

Brunnquell說(shuō)年輕人真的關(guān)心地球。結(jié)合④句他說(shuō)年輕人絕對(duì)在改變食物鏈，可見他認(rèn)為

年輕人可能通過(guò)消費(fèi)氣候友好蛋等再生產(chǎn)品來(lái)保護(hù)地球，對(duì)再生產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)前景是樂(lè)觀的。

再根據(jù)題干中的JulieStanton定位到倒數(shù)第二段的①句，Stanton說(shuō)Regenerative

productscouldbeahardsell（再生產(chǎn)品可能要被強(qiáng)行推銷），可見她對(duì)再生產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)前

景是悲觀的。因此這兩人在再生產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)前景方面的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的，A項(xiàng)market

prospects（市場(chǎng)前景）準(zhǔn)確指出了兩人觀點(diǎn)的分歧所在，所以本題選A。

Text2

MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthat

threatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.

OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobin

retirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarris

PollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfof

°unretirees0-thosewhoplantoworkinretirementorwentbacktoworkafter

retiring-saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenough

moneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.

Financialneedsarenzttheonlyculpritforthe"unretirement“trend.Other

reasons,accordingtothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstaying

mentallyfit,preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.

“Theconceptofretirementisevolving/'saidChristineRussell,senior

managerofretirementatTDAmeritrade."It'snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalue

ofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement/1

Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.

Theshareofthepopulation65andolderwas16%in2018,up3.2%fromtheprior

year,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau.Thatsalsoup30.2%since2010.

Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingsto

preservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000

adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10"unretirees“areincreasingtheirsavingsin

anticipationofalongerlife,accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularways

theyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,

securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirementaccounts.

Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementare

preparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlater

years,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirm

FacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadviserto

setlong-termfinancialgoals.

“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamily

andultimatelyretiring/'Weisssaid."It'snotjustafinancialdecision,butan

emotionalone.Manypeoplebelievetheycan'tretire.”

26.ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.

[A]overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork

[B]theoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoes

[C]oneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirement

[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement

27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat.

[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem

[B]boredomcanberelievedafterretirement

[C]thementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked

[D]"unretirement"contributestotheeconomy

28.Retirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.

[A]laborshortage

[B]populationgrowth

[C]longerlifeexpectancy

[D]risinglivingcosts

29.Manyretireesareincreasingtheirsavingsby.

[A]investingmoreinstocks

[B]takingupoddjobs

[C]gettingwell-paidwork

[D]spendingless

30.Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare.

[A]unprepared

[B]unafraid

[C]disappointed

[D]enthusiastic

【答案】

26.[D]moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirement

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPoll定位

至第二段①句：OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajob

inretirementtoprepareforalongerlife。D項(xiàng)中的arewillingtoworkin

retirement（愿意在退休后工作）是對(duì)原文haveorplantohaveajobinretirement（已經(jīng)

或計(jì)劃在退休后獲得一份工作）的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以本題選Do

27.[A]retirementmaycauseproblemsforthem

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph3定位到第三段,Americanstend

tothinkthat在第三段中沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容，第三段整體分析了美國(guó)人選擇在退休后繼續(xù)工作

的原因。①句說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)需求不是唯一原因，②句列舉了其他原因，諸如保持精神健康，避免

無(wú)聊或沮喪，由此可反推，美國(guó)人認(rèn)為退休會(huì)給自身帶來(lái)此類問(wèn)題，所以本題選A。

28.[C]longerlifeexpectancy

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Retirementpatternsarechanging定位到

第五段①句Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansareliving

longer,,C項(xiàng)longerlifeexpectancy（更長(zhǎng)的預(yù)期壽命）為該句中Americansareliving

longer（美國(guó)人的壽命越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)）的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以本題選C。

29.[D]spendingless

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞increasingtheirsavings可定位到第六段①

句Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,及②句Six

in10"unretirees"areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,這

兩句都在描述美國(guó)人增加儲(chǔ)蓄的事實(shí)，緊承的③句Amongthemostpopularwaysthey

aredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses提出了最受歡

迎的方式之一減少總體開支，對(duì)應(yīng)了D項(xiàng)，所以本題選D。

30.[A]unprepared

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeiss

定位至U第七段①句Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirement

arepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheir

lateryears,saidBrentWeiss?由該句becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingends

meetintheirlateryears（因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心晚年入不敷出）可推知，許多人并沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好退休，

對(duì)應(yīng)了A項(xiàng)，所以本題選A。

Text3

Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.

Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershipor

subscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.

Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionally

orunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdark

patterns.

Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns"

isacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethe

decision-makingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondark

patterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststo“roachmotel”,wherea

userexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhenthe

usertriestogetout.

Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchers

foundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidely

prevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessand

nonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareas

theyengender.

Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?

BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegal

teamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludeinthediscussionthe

customer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthecompany'suser

interface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,

checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayarolein

creatingoravoiding"digitaldeception/'

Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityaround

darkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorney

GeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCalifornia

ConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedor

misledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights."Theregulationsaimto

bandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusing

languageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiple

screensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldnztoptout.”

Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneed

forgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalso

canbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationshold

themselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybest

practicesandstandard.

31.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns.

[A]improveuserexperiences

[B]leakuserinformationforprofit

[C]undermineusers'decision-making

[D]remindusersofhiddencosts

32.The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow

[A]theirmajorflaws

[B]theircomplexdesigns

[C]theirseveredamage

[D]theirstrongpresence

33.Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould.

[A]listentocustomerfeedback

[B]talkwithrelevantteams

[C]turntoindependentagencies

[D]relyonprofessionaltraining

34.TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto

[A]guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses

[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked

[C]grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights

[D]restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent

35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis

[A]newlegalrequirements

[B]businesses'self-discipline

[C]strictregulatorystandards

[D]consumers'safetyawareness

【答案】

31.[C]undermineusers'decision-making

32.[D]theirstrongpresence

33.[B]talkwithrelevantteams

34.[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked

35.[B]businesses'self-discipline

Text4

Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureif

theirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingon

contrivedlaboratorytestsorsometimesunreliableself-reports.Butanewstudy

publishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleastonereal-worldsituation,asingle

ethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.

Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession'simpactoneatingmeat.They

chosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEric

Schwitzgebel,aphilosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:students/

attitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,and

ethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgoodbecauseitreduces

environmentalharmandanimalsuffering.Halfofthestudentsinfourlarge

philosophyclassesreadanarticleontheethicsoffactory-farmedmeat,optionally

watchedan11-minutevideoonthetopicandjoineda50-minutediscussion.The

otherhalffocusedoncharitablegivinginstead.Then,unknowntothestudents,the

researchersstudiedtheiranonymizedmeal-cardpurchasesforthat

semester-nearly14,000receiptsforalmost500students.

Schwitzgebelpredictedtheinterventionwouldhavenoeffect;hehad

previouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsona

rangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonationandreturninglibrary

books.Butamongstudentsubjectswhodiscussedmeatethics,mealpurchases

containingmeatdecreasedfrom52to45percent—andthiseffectheldsteadyfor

thestudy'sdurationofseveralweeks.Purchasesfromtheothergroupremained

at52percent.

"That'sactuallyaprettylargeeffectforaprettysmallintervention,“

Schwitzgebelsays.

PsychologistNinaStrohmingerattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whowasnot

involvedinthestudy,saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbutcannotruleoutsome

unknownconfoundingvariable.Andifreal,shenotes,itmightbereversibleby

anothernudge:"Easycomezeasygo.”

Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocial

influence—classmatesorteachingassistantsleadingthediscussionsmayhave

sharedtheirownvegetarianism,showingitasachievableormorecommon.Second,

thevideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact.Leastrousing,hethinks,wasrational

argument,althoughhisco-authorssayreasonmightplayabiggerrole.Nowthe

researchersareprobingthespecificeffectsofteachingstyle,teachingassistants/

eatinghabitsandstudents'videoexposure.MeanwhileSchwitzgebel—whohad

predictednoeffect—willbeeatinghiswords.

36.Scientistsgenerallybelievethattheeffectsofethicsclassesare.

[A]hardtodetermine

[B]narrowlyinterpreted

[C]difficulttoignore

[D]poorlysummarized

37.Whichofthefollowingisareasonfortheresearcherstostudy

meat-eating?

[A]Itiscommonamongstudents.

[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.

[C]Itisimportanttostudents'health.

[D]Itisahottopicinethicsclasses.

38.EricSchwitzgebePspreviousfindingssuggestthatethicsprofessors

[A]areseldomcriticaloftheirstudents

[B]arelesssociablethanotherprofessors

[C]arenotsensitivetopoliticalissues

[D]arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter

39.NinaStrohmingerthinksthattheeffectoftheinterventionis.

[A]permanent

[B]predictable

[C]uncertain

[D]unrepeatable

40.EricSchwitzgebelsuspectsthatthestudents'changeinbehavior

[A]canbringpsychologicalbenefits

[B]canbeanalyzedstatistically

[C]isaresultofmultiplefactors

[D]isasignofself-development

【答案】

36.[A]hardtodetermine

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Scientists、ethicsclasses定位到第一段①

句的前半句：Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsare

unsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior。其中canactuallychange

behavior（確實(shí)能夠改變行為）指的就是題干中的effects（效果）0A項(xiàng)hardtodetermine（很

難確定）是對(duì)①句中unsure（不確定的）的同義替換。所以本題選A。

37.[B]Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞reason定位到第二段②句：Theychosethis

particularbehaviorforthreereasonsstudents'attitudesonthetopicare

variableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargely

agreesthateatinglessmeatisgood…。其中They指theresearchers,thisparticular

指項(xiàng)（它是一種容易測(cè)量的

behaviormeat-eatingoBItisabehavioreasytomeasure

行為）是對(duì)②句中behavioriseasilymeasurable（行為是容易測(cè)量的）的同義替換。所以本

題選b

38.[D]arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞previousfindings和ethicsprofessors定

位到第三段①句的后半句：hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonot

differfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blood

donation...0其中he指EricSchwitzgebel,arangeofbehaviors指的是包括投票率、

獻(xiàn)血等在內(nèi)的道德行為。D項(xiàng)arenotnecessarilyethicallybetter（未必在道德上更好）是

對(duì)①句中donotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors（在一系歹M亍為上

與其他教授并無(wú)不同）的合理概括。所以本題選Do

39.[C]uncertain

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞NinaStrohminger和theeffect定位到第

四段②句：PsychologistNinaStrohminger...saysshewantstheeffecttoberealbut

cannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable。其中theeffect指theeffectof

theinterventiorioC項(xiàng)uncertain（不確定的）是對(duì)②句中cannotruleoutsomeunknown

confoundingvariable（不能排除?些未知的混淆變量）的合理推斷，即NinaStrohminger

認(rèn)為一些混淆變量可能和theintervention干預(yù)手段一起影響了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，因此干預(yù)手段

的效果是不確定的。所以本題選C。

40.[C]isaresultofmultiplefactors

【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Schwitzgebelsuspects定位到第五段①句

的前半句:Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocialinfluence,

即導(dǎo)致學(xué)生行為變化的最大影響來(lái)自于社會(huì)影響。結(jié)合②句中的Second,thevideomay

havehadanemotionalimpact（第二，視頻可能產(chǎn)生了情感方面的影響），以及③句中的

Leastrousing...wasrationalargument（最不激動(dòng)人心的是理性討論），可知

Schwitzgebel提到了社會(huì)影響、視頻、理性討論等多種影響因素。(：項(xiàng)isaresultof

multiplefactors(是多種因素的結(jié)果)是對(duì)①-③句中各種影響因素的合理概括。所以本題選

Co

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).

Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswers

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Makeitahabit

[B]Don'tgoitalone

[C]Startlow,goslow

[D]Talkwithyourdoctor

[E]Listentoyourbody

[F]Gothroughthemotions

[G]Roundoutyourroutine

HowtoGetActiveAgainAfteraBreak

Movingyourbodyhasbeenshowntoreduceanxietyanddepression,lower

ratesofmanytypesofcancerandtheriskofaheartattack,andimproveoverall

immunity.Italsohelpsbuildstrengthandstamina.Gettingbackintoexercisecan

beachallengeinthebestoftimes,butwithgymsandin-personexerciseclassesoff

-limitstomanypeoplethesedaysbecauseofCOVID-19concerns,itcanbetricky

toknowwheretostart.Andit'simportanttogettherightdoseof

activity."Toomuchtoosooneitherresultsininjuryorburnout/1saysMary

Yoke,PhD,afacultymemberinthekinesiologydepartmentatIndianaUniversityin

Bloomington.

Thefollowingsimplestrategieswillhelpyoureturntoexercisesafelyaftera

break.

41.____________________

Don*ttrytogobacktowhatyouweredoingbeforeyourbreak.Ifyouwere

walking3milesaday,playing18holesofgolfthreetimesweek,orlifting10-pound

dumbbellsforthreesetsof10reps,reduceactivitytohalfamileeveryotherday,or

nineholesofgolfonceaweekwithshortwalksonotherdays,oruse5-pound

dumbbellsforonesetof10reps.

Increasetime,distance,andintensitygradually."Thisisn'tsomethingyou

candoovernight/'Denaysays.Buty