江蘇省淮安市淮安區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題 （解析版）

2023-2024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期中學(xué)業(yè)水平測(cè)試試題高一英語(yǔ)(本試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘)注意事項(xiàng)：1.本卷滿分150分。答題時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答卷前，學(xué)生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上規(guī)定的地方。3.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillSuedoforBill?A.Takehimtohospital.B.Finishthereport.C.Cleanthedesk.2.Whatisthewomanlikelytodonext?A.Quitsmoking.B.Tasteacake.C.Changeherseat.3.Wherewasthemanlastweekend?A.AthomeB.AtabasketballgameC.InParis.4.Whatdoesthemanneednow?A.Milk.B.Water.C.Icecream.5.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Thebusstation.B.Thetrainstation.C.Thepolicestation.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答6、7題。6.WhatwillJackdoat10:00am?A.Catchabus.B.Callthewoman.C.Attendalecture.7.Howdoesthemanusuallygotoschool?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.聽第7段材料，回答8至9小題。8.Whomisthepartyfor?A.Lisa.B.Jane.C.Ted.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman’splan?A.InterestingB.Simple.C.Funny聽第8段材料，回答10至12小題。10.Whichdoesthewomanlikebest?A.Thelivingroom.B.Thebathroom.C.Thekitchen.11.Whatdoesthemansayabouttheapartment?A.Ithasagoodview.B.It’salittlesmall.C.It’soutofstyle.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Hostessandguest.C.Customerandsalesman.聽第9段材料，回答13至16小題。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Onthephone.C.Inthestreet.14.HowdoesTomfeelatfirst?A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Relaxed.15.WhatdoesMissLiadviseTomtodo?A.Correctthemistakes.B.Bemorecarefulnexttime.C.Talkwithhisparents.16.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Astudent.B.Anexam.C.Asong.聽第10段材料，回答17至20小題。17.Howmanyforeignstudentsarevisitingthespeaker’sschool?A.Only13.B.About16.C.Over30.18.Whydoestheschoolorganizethemusicweek?A.Torememberafamoussinger.B.TocelebrateaEuropeanfestival.C.Towelcomeforeignstudents.19.Whencanstudentssignupfortheactivities?A.BeforeSeptember5th.B.BeforeSeptember15th.C.InlateSeptember.20.Wherewillthemusicweekbeheld?A.Inthegarden.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthemusichall.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AExhibitionsintheBritishMuseumHokusai:beyondtheGreatWaveKatsushikaHokusai(1760-1849)iswidelyregardedasoneofJapan'smostfamousandinfluentialartists.Heproducedworksofastonishingqualityrightupuntilhisdeathattheageof90.Thisnewexhibitionwillleadyouonanartisticjourneythroughthelast30yearsofHokusai'slife—atimewhenheproducedsomeofhismostmemorablemasterpieces.25May—13August2017Room35Adults￡12,Members/under16sfreePlacesofthemind:Britishwatercolourlandscapes1850-1950DrawnfromtheBritishMuseum'srichcollection,thisisthefirstexhibitiondevotedtolandscapedrawingsandwatercoloursbyBritishartistsintheVictorianandmoderneras—twohalvesofverydifferentcenturies.23February—27August2017Room90Free,justdropinScythians:warriorsofancientSiberiaThismajorexhibitionexploresthestoryoftheScythians—nomadictribesandmastersofmountedwarfare,whoflourishedbetween900and200BC.TheirencounterswiththeGreeks,AssyriansandPersianswerewrittenintohistorybutforcenturiesalltraceoftheirculturewaslost—buriedbeneaththeice.14September2017—14January2018Room30Adults￡16.50,Members/under16sfreePoliticsandparadise:IndianpopularprintsfromtheMoscatelliGiftThisdisplayispartoftheMuseum'scontributiontotheIndia-UKYearofCulture2017.ItlooksatthepopularprintcultureofIndiafromthe1880suntilthe1950s.19July—3September2017Room90aFree,justdropin1.Ifyouareinterestedindrawingsofnaturalscenery,youwillprobablygoto______.A.Room35 B.Room90C.Room30 D.Room90a2.WhichexhibitioncanyouattendinOctober2017?A.Hokusai:beyondtheGreatWave.B.Scythians:warriorsofancientSiberia.C.Placesofthemind:Britishwatercolourlandscapes1850-1950.D.Politicsandparadise:IndianpopularprintsfromtheMoscatelliGift.3.Wherecanwemostprobablyfindthepassage?A.Inahealthreport. B.Inastorybook.C.Inaparentingmagazine. D.Inatourguide.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了幾幅英國(guó)博物館展覽的藝術(shù)品?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分里“thisisthefirstexhibitiondevotedtolandscapedrawingsandwatercolours（這是第一個(gè)以風(fēng)景畫和水彩畫為主題的展覽）”以及下段的“Room90”可知，如果你對(duì)自然風(fēng)景的繪畫感興趣，你可能會(huì)去90房間。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Scythians:warriorsofancientSiberia”這一部分里的“14September2017—14January2018（2017年9月14日-2018年1月14日）”可知，在2017年十月份可以去參觀“Scythians:warriorsofancientSiberia”這幅作品。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“ExhibitionsintheBritishMuseum（大英博物館的展覽）”可知，短文是對(duì)博物館里的藝術(shù)品的介紹，可知這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在導(dǎo)游雜志里。故選D。BInmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters(惡魔).ThemachineshavenameslikeSpaceWarrior,DarkInvaderandsoon.Itusedtobebelievedthatdamagewasdoneonlytothosestrangevisitorsfromouterspace,butnowitseemsthattheyarestrikingback.Manyteenagerslikeelectronicgamessomuchthattheycan’tstopplaying.Theyspendhourstightlyholdingthejoystick(操縱桿)controlsandconstantly(不斷地)pressingbuttonsmarked“fire”.Theydeveloppainsontheirfingersbecauseoftheconstantpressure.Theyplayandplaythatthepainshavenochancetocureproperly.Therapidwrist(手腕)movementrequiredtoguidethespaceshipacrossthescreencausesanotherproblem:Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamed(發(fā)炎的)andswollen(腫脹的)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”.Otherstrangeachesandpainsalsoarelikelytoaffecttheelbows(手肘)andshoulders.Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.Shehadbeenplayingvariouskindsofelectronicgamesformorethantwohoursaday.Herfatherrepairedgamesandmachinesandshecouldusethesystemsinhisworkshopasoftenassheliked.Oneday,afterplayingagamecalledDarkInvader,shepassedoutandfelltothefloor.Doctorswhoexaminedherfoundshewassufferingfromanunusualillnesscausedbylightsflashingataparticularfrequency(頻率).4.Electronicgamesarefoundverypopularwith_______.A.teenagerslivingintownsB.studentsstudyinginhighschoolsC.girlsworkingintheirfather’sworkshopsD.peopleinterestedinspaceships5.“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”iscausedby_______.A.rapidlymovingthescreenBinflamedandswollenmusclesofthewristC.tightlyholdingthejoystickcontrolsD.constantlypressingthebuttons6.Whydoestheauthormentionthecaseofa17-year-oldgirl?A.Tofeelsorryfortheyounggirl.B.Toshowyoungpeople’spoorhealth.C.Toprovethenegativeeffectsofplayingelectronicgames.D.Toremindparentstocontrolteenager’sbehaviorathome.7.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatplayingelectronicgamesis_______.AenjoyableandhelpfultothestudyB.excitingbutharmfultothehealthC.interestingbutharmlesstotheeyesD.amusingandsatisfying【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要討論了電子游戲在青少年中的流行以及由此引發(fā)的一些健康問題。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters…”（在今天的大多數(shù)城鎮(zhèn)，你可以看到青少年站在閃著光的電子游戲機(jī)前，射擊來(lái)自其他星球的宇宙飛船，并向奇怪的怪物投擲炸彈……）可知，電子游戲在城鎮(zhèn)的青少年中非常流行。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Therapidwrist(手腕)movementrequiredtoguidethespaceshipacrossthescreencausesanotherproblem:Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamed(發(fā)炎的)andswollen(腫脹的)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”.”（引導(dǎo)飛船穿越屏幕所需的快速手腕運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)引起另一個(gè)問題：手腕和手臂的肌肉變得如此發(fā)炎和腫脹，以至于它們壓迫骨頭。醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在稱這種情況為“太空戰(zhàn)士手腕”。）可知，“太空戰(zhàn)士手腕”是由手腕肌肉發(fā)炎和腫脹引起的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.Shehadbeenplayingvariouskindsofelectronicgamesformorethantwohoursaday.Herfatherrepairedgamesandmachinesandshecouldusethesystemsinhisworkshopasoftenassheliked.Oneday,afterplayingagamecalledDarkInvader,shepassedoutandfelltothefloor.”（《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》最近報(bào)道了一名17歲女孩的病例，顯示了另一個(gè)更令人擔(dān)憂的問題。她每天玩各種電子游戲超過(guò)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。她的父親修理游戲和機(jī)器，她可以隨時(shí)使用他工作室里的系統(tǒng)。有一天，她在玩了一款名為DarkInvader的游戲后，昏倒在地板上。）可推知，段中提及了一個(gè)17歲女孩因玩游戲昏倒的例子，是為了證明玩電子游戲?qū)】档呢?fù)面影響。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“Inmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters…”（在今天的大多數(shù)城鎮(zhèn)，你可以看到青少年站在閃著光的電子游戲機(jī)前，射擊來(lái)自其他星球的宇宙飛船，并向奇怪的怪物投擲炸彈……）、第二段中“Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamed(發(fā)炎的)andswollen(腫脹的)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarrior’sWrist”.”（手腕和手臂的肌肉變得如此發(fā)炎和腫脹，以至于它們壓迫骨頭。醫(yī)生現(xiàn)在稱這種情況為“太空戰(zhàn)士手腕”。）和第四段“Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.”（《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》最近報(bào)道了一名17歲女孩的病例，顯示了另一個(gè)更令人擔(dān)憂的問題。）可知，雖然電子游戲可能很吸引人，但也會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種健康問題，如手腕、手肘和肩膀的疼痛，甚至可能引發(fā)由特定頻率的閃爍燈光引起的不尋常疾病。因此，我們可以得出結(jié)論，玩電子游戲雖然可能很刺激，但對(duì)健康是有害的。故選B項(xiàng)。CNaturalselectionistheprocessbywhichonetypeofanimalwithinaspeciesthrivesbecauseofcertainqualitiesthatmakeitmorelikelytolivethanothersinitsgroup.Thehistoryofthepepperedmoth(灰蛾)isanexampleofthenaturalselectionprocess.Innineteenth-centuryEngland,certaintypesofpepperedmothswereabletobetterblend(融合)intotheirsurroundings.Duringthattimeperiod,greatchangeswerehappeninginGreatBritain.TheIndustrialRevolutionwaspartofthischange,andwithitcameairpollution.Naturalselectionoftentakeshundredsoreventhousandsofyearstooccur.Forthepepperedmoth,thisprocessoccurredcomparatively(相對(duì)地)quickly.AtthebeginningoftheIndustrialAge,mostpepperedmothsinEnglandwerelight-coloredandcoveredwithblackmarkings,althoughafewmothshaddark-coloredwings.Becausethelight-coloredmothsblendedintothelight-coloredbarkonthetrees,theycouldnotbeeasilyseenbybirdsthatwouldeatthem.Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunksbecamecoveredwithsoot(煤煙)andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktreetrunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwentfrombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.Inthetwentiethcentury,theairclearedup,andthepepperedmothpopulationchangedagain.Astreetrunkslightenedduetolesssootintheair,light-coloredmothsonceagainhadanadvantage.Theirnumbersincreasedassootlevelsdeclined(下降).Dependingontheirenvironment,thecolorationofthemothshelpedthemtobe“naturallyselected”tosurvive.8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword“thrives”inthefirstparagraph?A.reduces B.endangers C.increases D.changes9.Whatdoweknowaboutthepepperedmoth’snaturalselectionprocess?A.Thelengthoftimewasunusual.B.Itwasagoodexampleofenvironmentalprotection.C.Thistypeofcolorchangewastypicalformoths.D.ThesootlevelsinEnglanddidnotaffectit.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thecolorofmothswasunimportant.B.Bothkindsofmothspreferredthedark-coloredtrees.C.Thereweremorelight-coloredmothsthandark-coloredmoths.D.Thenumberofmothshadsomethingtodowiththelevelofairpollution.11.WhichwouldmostlikelyhappenifsootdarkenedEngland’streesagain?A.Birdswouldeatfewermoths.B.Mothswouldnotbeabletostayalive.C.Thepopulationofdark-coloredmothswouldincrease.D.Light-coloredmothswoulddisturbpeople’slife.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)灰蛾因?yàn)楣I(yè)革命和近年來(lái)的環(huán)境改變的原因，發(fā)生的兩次不同種群的自然選擇變化過(guò)程。【8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線單詞后“Naturalselectionistheprocessbywhichonetypeofanimalwithinaspecies

thrives

becauseofcertainqualitiesthatmakeitmorelikelytolivethanothersinitsgroup.

(自然選擇是指一個(gè)物種中一種動(dòng)物因?yàn)榫哂心承┢焚|(zhì)而比其他動(dòng)物更有可能存活下來(lái)而thrives的過(guò)程。)”可知使得動(dòng)物容易存活，所以指的是動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加，蓬勃發(fā)展，故C選項(xiàng)increases（增長(zhǎng)，增強(qiáng)）與劃線詞意義一致。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Naturalselectionoftentakeshundredsoreventhousandsofyearstooccur.Forthepepperedmoth,thisprocessoccurredcomparatively(相對(duì)地)quickly.(自然選擇通常需要數(shù)百年甚至數(shù)千年才能發(fā)生。對(duì)于灰蛾來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)過(guò)程發(fā)生得相對(duì)較快。)”可知，灰蛾在自然選擇的過(guò)程中所花的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度是不同尋常的。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“AtthebeginningoftheIndustrialAge,mostpepperedmothsinEnglandwerelight-coloredandcoveredwithblackmarkings,althoughafewmothshaddark-coloredwings.(在工業(yè)時(shí)代初期，英國(guó)的大多數(shù)斑蛾都是淺色的，身上有黑色的斑紋，盡管有一些蛾子的翅膀是深色的。)”以及“Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunksbecamecoveredwithsoot(煤煙)andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktreetrunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwentfrombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.(然而，隨著空氣污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，樹干被煙灰覆蓋，顏色也越來(lái)越深。鳥兒很容易在深色的樹干上看到淺色的飛蛾。由于深色的飛蛾現(xiàn)在占了優(yōu)勢(shì)，它們的數(shù)量就增加了。在50年的時(shí)間里，灰蛾的大部分顏色從淺色變成了深色。)”可知，一開始大多數(shù)飛蛾的顏色是淺色的，隨著空氣污染的加重，灰蛾的大部分顏色從淺色變成了深色。所以灰蛾的數(shù)量與空氣的質(zhì)量有關(guān)。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunksbecamecoveredwithsoot(煤煙)andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktreetrunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwentfrombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.(然而，隨著空氣污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，樹干被煙灰覆蓋，顏色也越來(lái)越深。鳥兒很容易在深色的樹干上看到淺色的飛蛾。由于深色的飛蛾現(xiàn)在占了優(yōu)勢(shì)，它們的數(shù)量就增加了。在50年的時(shí)間里，灰蛾的大部分顏色從淺色變成了深色。)”可知，英格蘭的樹干顏色再次變深，那么深色的飛蛾的數(shù)量會(huì)增加。故選C。DThissummerhasbroughtextremeheatanddroughtstoplacesaroundtheworld.Thedroughtsareleadingtoseriousproblemsandtheeffectsofthedroughtsarelikelytobefeltforyears.Droughtsaren’tnew,butEarth’srisingtemperaturesbecauseofglobalwarmingaremakingthemmuchhardertoavoid.ThedroughtintheHornofAfricamaybethemostserioussituation.Forseveralyears,theareahashadverylittlerainduringtherainyseasons.Thedryconditionshavekilledmillionsoffarmanimalsanddestroyedthecropsoffarmers.ThedroughtiscausingenergyproblemsinEurope,too.Thelowwaterlevelshavecuttheamountofhydroelectricpowerthatcanbeproduced.Someriversaresolowthattheheavyboatsthatcarrycoalcan’ttravelonthem.FarmersinCaliforniaandArizonahavebeenhitparticularlyhard.Californiahasputlimitsonwateruseacrossthestate.Nowwaterisbeinglimitedinotherplaces.Whentherearewaterlimits,farmersaren’tabletogrowasmanycrops.Thatcandriveupfoodprices,andthataffectseveryone.Chinaisfacingsimilarproblems.ThedroughthasdriedupmuchofthewaterintheYangtze,China’slongestriver.Thathascuttheamountofenergyproducedbytheworld’slargestdamby40%.Chinahasn’tbeenabletoproduceenoughenergy,sincemillionsofpeopleareusingelectricitytokeepcool.Thegovernmentiscallingonthepublictoturnofftheairconditionerwhenitisnottoohot.Thecountryistryingtomakeitrainbyshootingchemicalsintoclouds.Butthisisanuncertainandtemporaryresponse.Therearenoeasysolutionstoanyofthesedroughts.Ittookyearstocreatetheclimatecrisis,anditwilltakealongtimetogetitundercontrol.Fornow,governmentsandpeoplewillneedtocarefullymanagewatersuppliesandotherresourcestolimitthedamageasmuchaspossible.12.Whathasbeenaffectedbydroughtsaccordingtothepassage?A.Technology.B.Transportation.C.Education.D.Tourism.13.WhatmeasureshavebeentakentodealwithdroughtsinChina?A.Bringingwaterfromothercountries.B.Findingreplacementforrainwater.C.Limitingtheuseofdrinkingwater.D.Controllingtheuseofelectricity.14.Howmighttheauthorfeelaboutthefightagainstdrought?A.Concerned.B.Satisfied.CDisappointed.D.Optimistic.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WorldwideDroughtsAppearedasNewProblemsB.ChinaIsalsoFacingtheSeriousDroughtProblemC.DroughtsCauseProblemsAroundtheWorldD.ManyReasonsLeadtotheDroughtProblem【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了干旱給各世界各地帶來(lái)的問題?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThedroughtiscausingenergyproblemsinEurope,too.Thelowwaterlevelshavecuttheamountofhydroelectricpowerthatcanbeproduced.Someriversaresolowthattheheavyboatsthatcarrycoalcan’ttravelonthem.(干旱也給歐洲帶來(lái)了能源問題。低水位減少了可生產(chǎn)的水力發(fā)電量。有些河流水位很低，載煤的重型船只無(wú)法在上面航行)”可知，干旱導(dǎo)致有些河流水位降低，從而影響運(yùn)輸。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Chinahasn’tbeenabletoproduceenoughenergy,sincemillionsofpeopleareusingelectricitytokeepcool.Thegovernmentiscallingonthepublictoturnofftheairconditionerwhenitisnottoohot.(中國(guó)一直無(wú)法生產(chǎn)足夠的能源，因?yàn)閿?shù)百萬(wàn)人都在使用電力來(lái)降溫。政府呼吁公眾在天氣不太熱的時(shí)候關(guān)掉空調(diào))”可知，中國(guó)通過(guò)控制用電來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)干旱。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Therearenoeasysolutionstoanyofthesedroughts.Ittookyearstocreatetheclimatecrisis,anditwilltakealongtimetogetitundercontrol.(這些干旱都沒有簡(jiǎn)單的解決辦法。氣候危機(jī)的產(chǎn)生歷時(shí)多年，要控制氣候危機(jī)也需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)”可推知，作者對(duì)與旱災(zāi)的斗爭(zhēng)充滿擔(dān)憂。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了干旱給非洲之角、歐洲、加州、亞利桑那州和中國(guó)等多地帶來(lái)的問題，由此推知“干旱在世界各地造成問題”是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TipsforLearningNewTechnologyWeliveinaveryexcitingtime.However,withsuchawealthofresources,theoptionsoflearningnewtechnologycanbeverydifficult._____16_____.WhattolearnThefirststep,whenpickingupanewskill,istodeterminewhattolearn._____17_____.It’simportanttohavethisstrongpassion,asitwillprovideyouwiththenecessaryfuel.Onceyoudecidewhattolearn,reviewingwhatothershavedonewillgiveyouconfidencethatyou,too,candoit!ListenandwatchAsyouexploredeeperintothepoolofknowledge,youwillwanttoaddotherformsofinformation.IencourageyoutobrowsethroughiTunesU._____18_____.Youcanlistentoandwatchwhatyouarelearning.Thisisparticularlyhelpfulforthosewhopreferanacademicsetting.Besides,thereareahandfulofwebsitesthatofferonlineeducationthesedays.____19____Thebestwaytolearnisbydoing.Okay,you’vereadcountlesstutorials,watchedvideos,andhaveabetterunderstandingofthetechnologythatyouhavebeenhopingtolearn.Whatnow?_____20_____.Eventually,thebestwaytolearnisbydoing.Pickapersonalprojectthatyoucanbuildusingthisnewtechnology.A.TimeforactionB.LearntoshareC.It’stimetoputyourknowledgetouseD.IsuggestyoukeepawayfromyourphonesE.ThiscouldbeanythingyouareinterestedinF.ItofferscompleteclassesonavarietyoftopicsG.Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoustartyourlearning【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章首先指出在資源豐富的今天，選擇學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)的途徑可能會(huì)很困難，然后給出了幾個(gè)建議來(lái)幫助讀者開始學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)?！?6題詳解】上文“However,withsuchawealthofresources,theoptionsoflearningnewtechnologycanbeverydifficult.

(然而，有著如此豐富的資源，學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)的選擇可能會(huì)非常困難)”提出學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)面臨困難，后文給出三條建議。G選項(xiàng)“Thefollowingtipscanhelpyoustartyourlearning(以下的建議可以幫助你開始學(xué)習(xí))”承上啟下，引出下文的具體建議，下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選G?！?7題詳解】上文“Thefirststep,whenpickingupanewskill,istodeterminewhattolearn.(當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技能時(shí)，第一步是確定要學(xué)什么)”提出第一步是確定要學(xué)什么，E選項(xiàng)“Thiscouldbeanythingyouareinterestedin(這可以是任何你感興趣的東西)”承接上文，給出了具體的建議，明確要選擇感興趣的東西來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選E?！?8題詳解】上文“IencourageyoutobrowsethroughiTunesU.

(我鼓勵(lì)你瀏覽iTunesU)”建議瀏覽iTunesU。F選項(xiàng)“Itofferscompleteclassesonavarietyoftopics(它提供了各種主題的完整課程)”承接上文，說(shuō)明了iTunesU的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，句中指示代詞“It”指代上文“iTunesU”，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選F?！?9題詳解】設(shè)空句為段落標(biāo)題，根據(jù)下文“Thebestwaytolearnisbydoing.(最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法就是實(shí)踐)”可知，本段說(shuō)明了實(shí)踐的重要性，建議行動(dòng)起來(lái)。故A選項(xiàng)“Timeforaction(是時(shí)候行動(dòng)了)”是本段內(nèi)容的概括，是最佳小標(biāo)題。故選A?！?0題詳解】上文“Okay,you’vereadcountlesstutorials,watchedvideos,andhaveabetterunderstandingofthetechnologythatyouhavebeenhopingtolearn.Whatnow?(好了，你已經(jīng)閱讀了無(wú)數(shù)的教程，觀看了視頻，并且對(duì)你一直希望學(xué)習(xí)的技術(shù)有了更好的理解。現(xiàn)在該做什么?)”提到在閱讀了無(wú)數(shù)的教程和觀看了視頻后，現(xiàn)在怎么辦？C選項(xiàng)“It’stimetoputyourknowledgetouse(是時(shí)候把你的知識(shí)運(yùn)用起來(lái)了)”承接上文，作出回答：運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行實(shí)踐，與小標(biāo)題呼應(yīng)，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasalwayscomplainingaboutwindorrain.Althoughitwasnothingunusualforthearrivalofwindorrain,itcausedinconvenienceformetogoout,andsometimesitevencreatedanawfulatmosphere,soI____21____itstrongly.Onarainydayameteorologist(氣象學(xué)家)Imetwasvery____22____atmygreatangercausedbyrainthatmadealittleinconvenienceforme.Heasked,“Haveyoueverseentyphoon?Doyouknowwhatwouldhappentotheworldiftherewerenotyphoon?”Ishookmyhead.Ihadnoexperienceofhowpowerfulitwaswhenitalmostblewawayeverything____23____itsway.“Well,letmetellyou,”themeteorologistsaid.“Withoutitthe____24____offreshwaterwillbemoreserious,foritisagreat____25____ofwatersupplyonearth.Withoutit,therewouldbeagreaterimbalanceinthedistribution(分布)of____26____.Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearth____27____entirelyontyphoontodisperse(驅(qū)散)heat.Withouttyphoonthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))wouldbeeven____28____whilethefrigidzonesmuchcolder.Asaresultthetemperatezones(溫帶)would____29____fromtheworld...”Ignorancemademe_____30_____.Idislikedwindonlybecauseitruffled(吹亂)myhair.IhatedrainmerelybecauseIhadtocarryanumbrella.ButIhadnoideaatallthattyphoon—somethingmuchmoreviolent,somethingathousandtimesmore_____31_____thanwindorrain—wasa(n)_____32_____totheexistenceofmankind._____33_____noroadonearthgoesallthewayonlevelground,there’snopersonintheworldwhocandowhateverhepleases.Wrongasitisforpeopletoguardagainsttyphoon,itisadvisableforamantostoptothinkforamomentbeforehecomplains.“_____34_____typhoondisappearedalltogether?Whatwouldtheworldbecomethen?”The_____35_____willkeephimcalmandleadhimclosertotruth—hewillbebetterawareoftheworldhelivesin.21.A.blamed B.refused C.fought D.punished22.A.excited B.delighted C.puzzled D.encouraged23.A.on B.in C.by D.under24.A.supply B.lack C.waste D.amount25.A.power B.resource C.source D.strength26.A.time B.wealth C.energy D.warmth27.A.moves B.depends C.keeps D.holds28.A.better B.cooler C.hotter D.warmer29.A.remove B.move C.disappear D.escape30.A.shortsighted B.anxious C.frightened D.upset31.A.amazing B.appealing C.exciting D.upsetting32.A.success B.advantage C.approach D.must33.A.As B.Since C.While D.When34.A.Whatabout B.Whatif C.Evenif D.Howcome35.A.answers B.theories C.complaints D.mysteries【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.C26.D27.B28.C29.C30.A31.D32.D33.A34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者對(duì)于風(fēng)雨和臺(tái)風(fēng)的看法轉(zhuǎn)變，從一個(gè)總是抱怨風(fēng)雨帶來(lái)不便的人，到了解到臺(tái)風(fēng)對(duì)人類生存的重要性，提醒人們?cè)诒г怪耙伎?，以更好地理解自己所生活的世界?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管風(fēng)或雨的到來(lái)并不是什么不尋常的事，但它給我出門帶來(lái)了不便，有時(shí)甚至?xí)斐稍愀獾姆諊?，所以我?qiáng)烈地責(zé)怪它。A.blamed責(zé)備，責(zé)怪；B.refused拒絕；C.fought與……作斗爭(zhēng)；D.punished懲罰。根據(jù)上文“itcausedinconvenienceformetogoout,andsometimesitevencreatedanawfulatmosphere”可知，糟糕的天氣給作者帶來(lái)了不便，因此作者責(zé)怪天氣。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個(gè)雨天，我遇到的一位氣象學(xué)家對(duì)我因?yàn)橄掠暝斐傻囊稽c(diǎn)小不便而大發(fā)雷霆感到非常困惑。A.excited興奮的；B.delighted高興的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.encouraged受到鼓舞的。根據(jù)下文“mygreatanger”和“alittleinconvenience”可知，作者為下雨造成的一點(diǎn)不便而大發(fā)雷霆感，由此推知，氣象學(xué)家會(huì)對(duì)此感到困惑。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來(lái)沒有經(jīng)歷過(guò)，當(dāng)它幾乎把阻擋它的一切都吹走時(shí)，它是多么的勢(shì)不可擋。A.on在……上面；B.in在……中；C.by在……旁邊；D.under在……下面。結(jié)合常識(shí)和上文“blewawayeverything”可推知，臺(tái)風(fēng)幾乎會(huì)刮走阻擋它的一切；inone’sway“妨礙某人；擋了某人的路”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，淡水的缺乏將更加嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)樗堑厍蛏纤Y源的一個(gè)巨大來(lái)源。A.supply供應(yīng)；B.lack缺乏；C.waste浪費(fèi)；D.amount數(shù)量。根據(jù)下文“foritisagreat5ofwatersupplyonearth.”可知，臺(tái)風(fēng)是淡水之源，沒有臺(tái)風(fēng)，淡水的缺乏將更加嚴(yán)重。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，淡水的缺乏將更加嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)樗堑厍蛏纤Y源的一個(gè)巨大來(lái)源。A.power力量；B.resource資源；C.source來(lái)源；D.strength力氣。根據(jù)下文“watersupplyonearth”可知，臺(tái)風(fēng)是地球上水資源的一個(gè)重要來(lái)源。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有它，熱量的分布將會(huì)有更大的不平衡。A.time時(shí)間；B.wealth財(cái)富；C.energy能量；D.warmth溫暖。根據(jù)下文“Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearth7entirelyontyphoontodisperse(驅(qū)散)heat.”可知，臺(tái)風(fēng)可以驅(qū)散熱量，所以如果沒有它，熱量的分布將會(huì)有更大的不平衡。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：地球上接受陽(yáng)光最多的赤道地區(qū)完全依賴臺(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)驅(qū)散熱量。A.moves移動(dòng)；B.depends依賴；C.keeps保持；D.holds握住。根據(jù)上文“Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearth”和下文“disperse(驅(qū)散)heat”可推知，赤道地區(qū)完全依賴臺(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)驅(qū)散熱量。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有臺(tái)風(fēng)，熱帶地區(qū)甚至?xí)鼰?，而寒冷地區(qū)會(huì)更冷。A.better更好的；B.cooler更涼爽的；C.hotter更熱的；D.warmer更溫暖的。根據(jù)上文“Theequatorial(赤道的)areathatreceivesthemostsunshineonearth7entirelyontyphoontodisperse(驅(qū)散)heat.”和下文“thefrigidzonesmuchcolder”可知，赤道地區(qū)完全依賴臺(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)驅(qū)散熱量，如果沒有臺(tái)風(fēng)，熱帶地區(qū)甚至?xí)鼰幔涞貐^(qū)會(huì)更冷。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果，溫帶將從世界上消失……。A.remove移除；B.move移動(dòng)；C.disappear消失；D.escape逃跑。根據(jù)上文“Withouttyphoonthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))wouldbeeven8whilethefrigidzonesmuchcolder.”可知，沒臺(tái)風(fēng)來(lái)均衡熱量，熱帶會(huì)更熱，寒帶會(huì)更冷，將沒有中間地帶，溫帶將從世界上消失。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：無(wú)知使我目光短淺。A.shortsighted目光短淺的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.frightened害怕的；D.upset沮喪的。結(jié)合上文可知作者僅僅因?yàn)樘鞖饨o自己造成了不便就責(zé)備天氣，沒有意識(shí)到下雨的重要作用，作者的無(wú)知讓他目光短淺。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我完全不知道，臺(tái)風(fēng)——一種比風(fēng)雨更猛烈、更令人不安的東西——是人類生存的必需品。A.amazing令人驚奇的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.exciting令人興奮的；D.upsetting令人不安的。根據(jù)上文“muchmoreviolent”可知，臺(tái)風(fēng)是比風(fēng)雨更令人不安的東西。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我完全不知道，臺(tái)風(fēng)——一種比風(fēng)雨更猛烈、更令人不安的東西——是人類生存的必需品。A.success成功；B.advantage優(yōu)點(diǎn)；C.approach方法；D.must必需品。根據(jù)第四段中對(duì)臺(tái)風(fēng)作用的介紹和后文“totheexistenceofmankind”可知，臺(tái)風(fēng)是人類生存所必須。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：正如世上沒有一條路是完全平坦的，世上也沒有一個(gè)人能隨心所欲。A.As正如；B.Since自從；C.While當(dāng)……時(shí)候；D.When當(dāng)……時(shí)候?！皀oroadonearthgoesallthewayonlevelground”和“there’snopersonintheworldwhocandowhateverhepleases”是類比關(guān)系，用連詞as表示“正如”，引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查固定句型辨析。句意：“如果臺(tái)風(fēng)都消失了會(huì)怎么樣？那時(shí)世界會(huì)變成什么樣子？”A.Whatabout……怎么樣；B.Whatif如果……會(huì)怎么樣；C.Evenif即使；D.Howcome怎么會(huì)這樣。根據(jù)下文“typhoondisappearedalltogether?”可知，這是一種假設(shè)：臺(tái)風(fēng)如果全部消失會(huì)怎么樣，whatif符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)答案會(huì)讓他保持冷靜，讓他更接近真相——他會(huì)更好地了解他所生活的世界。A.answers答案；B.theories理論；C.complaints抱怨；D.mysteries神秘的事物。上文“14typhoondisappearedalltogether?Whatwouldtheworldbecomethen?”提出了兩個(gè)問題，所以此處是指問題的答案。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的