新高考數(shù)學(xué)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題培優(yōu)練習(xí)專題22 圓錐曲線的幾何性質(zhì)(解析版)_第1頁
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專題22圓錐曲線的幾何性質(zhì)一、單選題1.(2024屆湖南省天壹名校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考)已知雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的一條漸近線方程為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.3【答案】A【解析】由題設(shè)知,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選A.2.(2024屆福建省福州第八中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期質(zhì)檢卷)已知SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上,若拋物線的焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好是SKIPIF1<0的重心,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6【答案】A【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,拋物線SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0恰好是SKIPIF1<0的重心,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選A.3.(2024屆廣東省七校聯(lián)合體高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考)已知SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0是橢圓的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn),滿足SKIPIF1<0的點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0總在橢圓內(nèi)部,則橢圓離心率的取值范圍是(

).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)橢圓的對(duì)稱性,不妨設(shè)焦點(diǎn)在橫軸上的橢圓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為:SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在橢圓內(nèi)部,有SKIPIF1<0,要想該不等式恒成立,只需SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,故選B4.(2024屆湖南省永州市高三一模)已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn)分別是SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是橢圓SKIPIF1<0上位于第一象限的一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸平行,直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的另一個(gè)交點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的離心率為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】由SKIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸平行,且SKIPIF1<0在第一象限,所以SKIPIF1<0.由于SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)代入橢圓SKIPIF1<0的方程得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以離心率SKIPIF1<0.故選B

5.(2024屆貴州省貴陽市六校高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)合考試)橢圓SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,現(xiàn)已知SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn)重合,橢圓SKIPIF1<0與過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的冪函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且冪函數(shù)在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則橢圓的離心率為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】由題意,拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.又因?yàn)閮绾瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則過SKIPIF1<0的切線為SKIPIF1<0,且冪函數(shù)在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0處的切線過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0在橢圓上,則SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則橢圓的離心率為SKIPIF1<0.故選C.6.(2024屆天津市第四十五中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期月考)已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn)為F,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,若點(diǎn)A為拋物線任意一點(diǎn),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0取最小值時(shí),點(diǎn)A的坐標(biāo)為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】設(shè)點(diǎn)A在準(zhǔn)線上的射影為D,如圖,

則根據(jù)拋物線的定義可知SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的最小值,即求SKIPIF1<0的最小值,顯然當(dāng)D,B,A三點(diǎn)共線時(shí)SKIPIF1<0最小,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)為1,代入拋物線方程可知SKIPIF1<0.故選B.7.(2024屆天津市第四十五中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期月考)已知SKIPIF1<0分別是雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn),P為雙曲線右支上一點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則雙曲線的離心率為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.2【答案】A【解析】∵SKIPIF1<0分別是雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為雙曲線右支上一點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又∵在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,

∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0.故選A8.(2024屆江西省萬安中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試)如圖,設(shè)直線SKIPIF1<0與拋物線SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0為常數(shù))交于不同的兩點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離為SKIPIF1<0.過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的直線交拋物線于另一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且直線SKIPIF1<0過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則直線SKIPIF1<0過點(diǎn)(

A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】直線SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,依題意,SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離為SKIPIF1<0,所以拋物線方程為SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0消去SKIPIF1<0并化簡(jiǎn)得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.由SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,也即直線SKIPIF1<0過定點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.故選A.9.(2023屆四川省成都市四七九名校高全真模擬)已知直線SKIPIF1<0與雙曲線SKIPIF1<0相交于A,B兩點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在第一象限,經(jīng)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0且與直線SKIPIF1<0垂直的直線與雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的另外一個(gè)交點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸上,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0,則雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的漸近線方程為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)題意,畫出示意圖,如圖所示.

因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以B、N、M三點(diǎn)共線.設(shè)線段BM的中點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,連接OQ,根據(jù)題意,顯然可得點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為線段AB的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)B,M都在雙曲線SKIPIF1<0上,則SKIPIF1<0兩式相減,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.而SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.而SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的漸近線方程為:SKIPIF1<0.故選C10.(2024屆四川省成都市第七中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試)如圖拋物線SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,焦點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,焦準(zhǔn)距為4;拋物線SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,焦點(diǎn)也為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,焦準(zhǔn)距為6.SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),分別過SKIPIF1<0作直線與兩準(zhǔn)線垂直,垂足分別為SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0的直線與封閉曲線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),則下列說法正確的是(

①SKIPIF1<0

②四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積為100③SKIPIF1<0

④SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍為SKIPIF1<0A.①②④ B.①③④ C.②③ D.①③【答案】B【解析】以SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系,如圖,

拋物線SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,焦點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,焦準(zhǔn)距為4;可得SKIPIF1<0,拋物線的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為:SKIPIF1<0.拋物線SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,焦點(diǎn)也為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,焦準(zhǔn)距為6.可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以①正確;拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程為:SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn)的橫坐標(biāo)為:3,兩點(diǎn)的縱坐標(biāo):SKIPIF1<0,分別過SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0作直線與兩準(zhǔn)線垂直,垂足分別為SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,四邊形SKIPIF1<0的面積為:SKIPIF1<0.所以②不正確;又SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以③正確;根據(jù)拋物線的對(duì)稱性不妨設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在封閉曲線SKIPIF1<0的上部分,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0在直線SKIPIF1<0上的射影分別為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重合時(shí),SKIPIF1<0最小,最小值為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重合,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0,與拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0聯(lián)立,可得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,與拋物線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0聯(lián)立,可得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取等號(hào),故此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上時(shí),根據(jù)拋物線的對(duì)稱性可知,SKIPIF1<0;綜上,SKIPIF1<0,所以④正確.故選B.11.(2024屆江西省豐城拖船中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)測(cè)試)已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0.過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0作圓SKIPIF1<0的切線SKIPIF1<0交橢圓SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn).將SKIPIF1<0表示為SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0的最大值是(

)A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【答案】B【解析】由題意知,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),切線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),同理可得SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),設(shè)切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn)兩點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又由SKIPIF1<0于圓SKIPIF1<0相切,得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,由于當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0的最大值為2.故選B.12.(2024屆四川省成都市第七中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期入學(xué)考試)定義:若直線SKIPIF1<0將多邊形分為兩部分,且使得多邊形在SKIPIF1<0兩側(cè)的點(diǎn)到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離之和相等,則稱SKIPIF1<0為多邊形的一條“等線”.已知雙曲線SKIPIF1<0(a,b為常數(shù))和其左右焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,P為C上的一動(dòng)點(diǎn),過P作C的切線分別交兩條漸近線于點(diǎn)A,B,已知四邊形SKIPIF1<0與三角形SKIPIF1<0有相同的“等線”SKIPIF1<0.則對(duì)于下列四個(gè)結(jié)論:①SKIPIF1<0;②等線SKIPIF1<0必過多邊形的重心;③SKIPIF1<0始終與SKIPIF1<0相切;④SKIPIF1<0的斜率為定值且與a,b有關(guān).其中所有正確結(jié)論的編號(hào)是(

)A.①② B.①④ C.②③④ D.①②③【答案】D【解析】①:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以切線的斜率為SKIPIF1<0,所以切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在雙曲線上,所以SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,同理可求出當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)的切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),雙曲線的切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以過P點(diǎn)切線方程為SKIPIF1<0,漸近線方程為SKIPIF1<0聯(lián)立兩直線方程得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0故有SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0②:設(shè)多邊形頂點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0設(shè)“等線”方程為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0到等線的距離為:SKIPIF1<0又因?yàn)榈染€將頂點(diǎn)分為上下兩部分,則有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0從而SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0即等線SKIPIF1<0必過該多邊形重心.③④:考察SKIPIF1<0重心,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則重心SKIPIF1<0.對(duì)于四邊形SKIPIF1<0,其重心H必在SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重心連線上,也必在SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重心連線上,則SKIPIF1<0即為直線GH.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0重心分別為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的重心,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,所以SKIPIF1<0∥SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)橹本€SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率為SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0方程SKIPIF1<0,由①的求解過程可知該方程為SKIPIF1<0切線方程,所以③正確,④錯(cuò)誤,故①②③正確.故選D

二、多選題13.(2024屆河南省南陽市第一中學(xué)校2高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試)下列關(guān)于雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的結(jié)論中,正確的是(

)A.離心率為SKIPIF1<0 B.焦距為SKIPIF1<0C.兩條漸近線互相垂直 D.焦點(diǎn)到漸近線的距離為1【答案】ACD【解析】雙曲線SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的離線率為SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;焦距SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;漸近線為SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0,且斜率之積為-1,即兩條漸近線互相垂直,故C正確;焦點(diǎn)到漸近線的距離為SKIPIF1<0,故D正確;故選ACD.14.(2024屆云南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三高考適應(yīng)性月考)已知拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,準(zhǔn)線為SKIPIF1<0,經(jīng)過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0且斜率為SKIPIF1<0的直線與拋物線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn)(點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在第一象限),若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則以下結(jié)論正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上的動(dòng)點(diǎn),其在SKIPIF1<0上的射影為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0D.過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0且與SKIPIF1<0有且僅有一個(gè)公共點(diǎn)的直線有3條【答案】BCD【解析】

對(duì)于A,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,直線的斜率為SKIPIF1<0,則設(shè)直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,解得:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,由于SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,如圖所示,拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線時(shí)取等號(hào),故C正確;對(duì)于D,當(dāng)直線斜率不存在時(shí),直線方程為SKIPIF1<0,與拋物線只有一個(gè)公共點(diǎn);當(dāng)直線斜率存在時(shí),設(shè)直線方程為SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立SKIPIF1<0,消SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),方程的解為SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí)直線與拋物線只有一個(gè)交點(diǎn);當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,綜上所述,過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0有且僅有一個(gè)公共點(diǎn)的直線有SKIPIF1<0條,故D正確;故選BCD.15.已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,過SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0的面積等于SKIPIF1<0C.直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率為SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0的離心率等于SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【解析】由SKIPIF1<0可知,不妨設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0;利用橢圓定義可知SKIPIF1<0,所以可得SKIPIF1<0;即SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0即為橢圓的上頂點(diǎn)或下頂點(diǎn),如下圖所示:

由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0可知滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;即A正確;所以SKIPIF1<0為等腰直角三角形,且SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0的面積為SKIPIF1<0,即B正確;此時(shí)可得直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率SKIPIF1<0,所以C錯(cuò)誤;在等腰直角三角形SKIPIF1<0中,易知SKIPIF1<0,即可得離心率SKIPIF1<0,即D正確;故選ABD16.(2024屆浙江省浙南名校聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期聯(lián)考)已知SKIPIF1<0是橢圓SKIPIF1<0上不同的三點(diǎn),記SKIPIF1<0的面積分別為SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)).若SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0為定值【答案】BC【解析】先證明:設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0不共線,則SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0中有一個(gè)為0時(shí),例如SKIPIF1<0,則易得SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0都不為0時(shí),設(shè)直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0軸交點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,直線SKIPIF1<0方程為SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,綜上,SKIPIF1<0,由已知設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由題意SKIPIF1<0中任意兩點(diǎn)都與原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0不共線,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,從而SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選BC.17.(2024屆江西省吉安市第三中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試)已知雙曲線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為雙曲線右支上的一個(gè)動(dòng)點(diǎn),過點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0分別作兩條漸近線的垂線,垂足分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),則下列說法正確的是(

)A.雙曲線的離心率為SKIPIF1<0B.存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得四邊形SKIPIF1<0為正方形C.直線SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的斜率之積為2D.存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0【答案】AB【解析】對(duì)于A,由雙曲線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,A正確;對(duì)于B,雙曲線SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0的漸近線為SKIPIF1<0,則四邊形SKIPIF1<0為矩形,又雙曲線右頂點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0到直線SKIPIF1<0的距離均為SKIPIF1<0,故矩形SKIPIF1<0為正方形,即存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,即M為雙曲線右頂點(diǎn)時(shí),使得四邊形SKIPIF1<0為正方形,B正確;對(duì)于C,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,不妨設(shè)A在第一象限,B在第四象限,由于SKIPIF1<0,故可得SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,由以上分析可知SKIPIF1<0,同理SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)雙曲線的對(duì)稱性,不妨假設(shè)M在第一象限,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0代入SKIPIF1<0,即有SKIPIF1<0,顯然不可能,即雙曲線上不存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,D錯(cuò)誤,故選AB三、填空題18.(2024屆上海市松江二中高三上學(xué)期階段測(cè)試)已知橢圓C:SKIPIF1<0的離心率為SKIPIF1<0,則橢圓的短軸長(zhǎng)為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】根據(jù)題意可得離心率SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以橢圓的短軸長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0.19.(2023屆四川省綿陽南山中學(xué)高三仿真)雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的離心率為2,則右焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到其漸近線的距離為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】雙曲線SKIPIF1<0的離心率為2,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,右焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,漸近線方程為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0到漸近線的距離為SKIPIF1<0.20.(2023屆湖北省武漢市華中師大第一附屬中學(xué)高三5月適應(yīng)性考試)設(shè)雙曲線SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0)的右焦點(diǎn)為F,過F作雙曲線的一條漸近線的垂線,垂足為H,若SKIPIF1<0(O為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)),則雙曲線C的離心率為.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由雙曲線的幾何性質(zhì)可得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以離心率SKIPIF1<0.21.(2024屆廣東省陽江市高三上學(xué)期第一次階段調(diào)研)已知點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在拋物線SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0為拋物線SKIPIF1<0的焦點(diǎn),圓SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0相交于SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),與線段SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0是線段SKIPIF1<0

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