專四之虛擬語(yǔ)氣

虛擬語(yǔ)氣SubjunctiveMoodTEM4系列輔導(dǎo)九大?？颊Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞3.定語(yǔ)從句4.狀語(yǔ)從句5.名詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞7.反義疑問(wèn)句8.時(shí)態(tài)9.一些特定功能詞匯的用法（much,more,such,anythingbut,enough等）虛擬語(yǔ)氣概要：現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中有三種語(yǔ)氣：1.陳述語(yǔ)氣（indicativemood）2.祈使語(yǔ)氣（imperativemood）3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣（subjunctivemood）TEM4系列輔導(dǎo)2024-08-12A.

虛擬語(yǔ)氣概要：專業(yè)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法與詞匯部分（除2001年外）每年至少有一道相關(guān)試題涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣，平均下來(lái)達(dá)到每年2題，總計(jì)有30題。年92939495969798990001020304050607合計(jì)題數(shù)322112121/21334230

虛擬條件句結(jié)構(gòu)表If從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be為were)Would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成式(had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)Would(should,could,might)+have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be為were）2.Were+不定式3.Should+動(dòng)詞原形Would(should,could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形1.IF虛擬句2024-08-127在敘述與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：一般過(guò)去式，were／was十不定式，或should＋動(dòng)詞原形。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用would／should十動(dòng)詞原形。2024-08-128IfsheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappy．Ifitshouldrainagain,whatelsecouldIdo？Ifitsnowedtomorrow,Ishould／wouldstayathome.1.1在表示純?nèi)患僭O(shè)的情況或是發(fā)生的可能性不大的情況的虛擬條件句中：表示現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)情況的虛擬條件句：①Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he

abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005.51)A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were答案：A。本句條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)explained，說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況相反，因此主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)由“would+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。譯文：如果你把情況說(shuō)給你的律師，他的建議會(huì)比我的建議更好。2024-08-1211例2：Ifyourcar______anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.（1998－43）A.shallneed B.shouldneedC.wouldneed D.willneed真題舉例及分析

2024-08-12師大商學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院12例2：I______writingthepaperasscheduled,butmymother’sillnessinterfered.Ihopeyouwillexcuseme。（1993－54）A.amtohavefinished

B.wastohavefinishedC.wastofinish

D.oughttofinish真題舉例及分析

2024-08-12131.2與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)：在描述與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句中，需要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用had＋過(guò)去分詞，結(jié)果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should（第一人稱）或would（第二、三人稱）＋have＋過(guò)去分詞;1.2表示過(guò)去情況的虛擬條件句中：

Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere

quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.(2000.49)A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeenC.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’tbe

答案：C。根據(jù)此句的主句，可以判斷出是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，其從句應(yīng)該使用haddone結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文：如果沒有那么多人的話，晚會(huì)上我們就會(huì)玩得愉快得多。什么時(shí)候可以省略If？如果條件從句中包含有were,had,should或could,有時(shí)可以把if省略掉，但這時(shí)要把were,had,should或could放在主語(yǔ)前面，如：Hadwemade(=Ifwehadmade)adequatepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.Shouldtherebe(=Ifthereshouldbe)aflood,whatshouldwedo?2024-08-1217省略連詞if的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.be動(dòng)詞were提到從句主語(yǔ)的前面。WereIyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened，shouldtherebeasuddenloudnoise.2024-08-12182．動(dòng)詞should/had提到從句主語(yǔ)的前面。ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallher。HadIknownit,Ihavetoldyou．Hadthedamagebeenworse，theinsurancecompanywouldhavepaidmore。2024-08-1219真題舉例及分析例1:______youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.（1994-62）A.ifIrealized B.HadIrealizedC.Irealizedthat D.AsIrealized_____forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.(2002.50)A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot答案：A。由于主句中使用了mighthavedone結(jié)構(gòu)，說(shuō)明此句表示的內(nèi)容是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬，所以從句中一般使用haddone結(jié)構(gòu)。Had提前，但not不應(yīng)提前。譯文：要不是摔斷腿，她也許已經(jīng)通過(guò)了考試。______you

furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.(2005.63)A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had答案：C。本句很顯然是對(duì)現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)情況的虛擬。條件句其實(shí)是：Ifyoushouldhavefurtherproblems,現(xiàn)將should提前，成為Shouldyouhavefurtherproblems.通常這類從句后面，主句可以用祈使語(yǔ)氣或陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：Shouldyourequireanything,justgivemearing.譯文：要是你的打印機(jī)還有其他問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)和經(jīng)銷商聯(lián)系以獲得幫助。2024-08-1224真題舉例及分析例5:______you______furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.

（2005－63）A.If,had

B.Have,hadC.Should,have

D.incase,had練習(xí)

2024-08-12251:_______rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday．A.Wouldsheleave B.IfsheleavesC.Wereshetoleave D.Ifshehadleft?2024-08-12262:_______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty．A.Hadtheyarrived B.WouldtheyarriveC.Weretheyarriving D.Weretheytoarrive2024-08-12師大商學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院27【補(bǔ)充】混合虛擬式，或交錯(cuò)虛擬式：有時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作不一致，這時(shí)就要使用混合虛擬式。*IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwhenIcameoutthismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.*IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.1.3錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

____ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?(2004.44)A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised

答案：A。通常情況下，虛擬條件從句如果使用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句則使用“would+havedone”形式，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)。但當(dāng)條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，比如這句話，條件從句是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)，而主句卻是對(duì)被提問(wèn)者現(xiàn)場(chǎng)當(dāng)時(shí)感受的假設(shè)，主句動(dòng)詞的形式就要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間調(diào)整，采用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。這種句子可以成為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”。有時(shí)情況跟此句正好相反，如：Ifyouwereinbetterhealth,wewouldhaveallowedyoutojointheminthework.

譯文：如果昨天沒有提前告訴你，我就來(lái)了，你會(huì)覺得奇怪嗎？Ifonlythepatient

adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.(2007.54)A.hadreceivedB.ReceivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving

答案：A。這里的從句和主句在時(shí)態(tài)上為錯(cuò)綜關(guān)系，從句部分表示的是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“haddone”，主句則是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“might+動(dòng)詞原形”。譯文：如果那個(gè)病人沒有使用抗生素而是其他療法，他現(xiàn)在可能還活著呢！2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中2.1在表示愿望、建議、命令等主觀意向的主語(yǔ)從句中以下真題都屬于虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表示主觀意向或祈使語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用，that從句使用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。這種虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)常見有：itisdesired,itissuggested,itisrequested,itwasordered,itwasproposed,itisnecessary(important,essential,imperative,advisable,desirable,preferable,better,best,proper,vital,crucial,etc.),ithasbeendecided。Itisimperativethatstudents

theirtermpapersontime.(2004.46)A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin答案：A。譯文：學(xué)生們必須按時(shí)上交學(xué)期論文。Itisimperativethatthegovernment

moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.(2006.59)A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto答案：C。譯文：政府應(yīng)該在船塢制造業(yè)吸引更多的投資。ItisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliam____

hisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.(2007.65)A.willcontinueB.ContinuedC.continueD.continues

答案：C。譯文：盡管學(xué)習(xí)上有一定的困難，威廉姆有必要繼續(xù)他的學(xué)業(yè)。2.2在表示驚奇、惶惑、懷疑、不滿等情緒的主句之后的從句中：Iamsurprised

thiscityisadullplacetolivein.(2006.57)A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinking答案：A。此處的“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”表示一種驚訝的語(yǔ)氣。在下面這些從句中常用到這種形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：expect,believe,think,suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或譯文形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句；itisapity(ashame,incredible,strange,nowonder)等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句；Iamsorry,weweresurprised,theyweredisappointed等結(jié)構(gòu)后的狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文：你竟然認(rèn)為住在這個(gè)城市里沒什么意思，我很吃驚。以lest,incase,forfearthat（以免）引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。如：*Youshouldexercisevigilancelestyoushouldbekilled.*Takeyourcoatincaseit（should）rain．用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)2024-08-12師大商學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院442.3-“Itis(high,about,the)time...”在句型“Itis(high,about,the)time”虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用過(guò)去式，指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況，表示“早該做某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”。2024-08-1245“Itis(high,about,the)time...”中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣It’sthetimethechildrenlearnedhowtobehaveproperly.It’sabouttimepeopletooknoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.2024-08-1246真題舉例及分析例1：----“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”

----“Idon'tknow.Butit'sabouttime______onsomething.”（2002－51）A.I’ddecide B.IdecidedC.Idecide

D.I'mdeciding2024-08-1247真題舉例及分析例2：IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong,it’sabouttimeyou______abletowritelettersinEnglish.（1999－49）A.couldbe B.wereC.mustbe

D.are2024-08-1248例3：Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe______us.Ithinkit’shightimewe______strongactionsagainsthim.(2005－60)A.betrayed¨¨take B.hadbetrayed¨¨tookC.hasbetrayed¨¨took D.hasbetrayed¨¨take2024-08-1249例4：It’shightimewe______cuttingdowntherainforests.（2006.54）A.stopped B.hadtostopC.shallstop D.stopIfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong,it’sabouttimeyou

abletowritelettersinEnglish.(1999.49)A.canbeB.WereC.mustbeD.are答案：B。譯文：如果你真的已經(jīng)學(xué)了這么久的英語(yǔ)，那么你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該能用英語(yǔ)寫信了。

“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime

onsomething.”(2002.51)A.I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding答案：B。譯文：“下學(xué)期你準(zhǔn)備學(xué)些什么課程？”

“我不知道，但我該做出決定了?！盜t’shightimewe

cuttingdowntherainforests.(2006.54)A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop答案：A。譯文：該市停止砍伐雨林的時(shí)候了。以上真題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣固定句型之一，Itishigh(about)time…的用法。此句型后面的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，且should不可省略，表示應(yīng)該著手做的事情。2.4在某些表示祝愿、感嘆等的句子中IfonlyI

playtheguitaraswellasyou!(2006.52)A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might答案：B。譯文：我彈吉它要是能像你彈得那么好就好了！Ifonlythepatient

adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillb