有什么類似的經(jīng)驗嗎BIOLOGICALMONITORING

BASICPRINCIPLESINOCCUPATIONALHYGIENE

職業(yè)衛(wèi)生基本原則Day2第2天8-BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

8-生物監(jiān)測及健康監(jiān)護(hù)BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

生物監(jiān)測及健康監(jiān)護(hù)Whatexperiencedoyouhave?有什么類似的經(jīng)驗嗎？BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

生物監(jiān)測及健康監(jiān)護(hù)HealthSurveillanceisagenericterm:anyprocedureundertakentoassess,reviewormonitoranindividual’shealthinordertoidentifyordetectanysignificantchangefromnormality.健康監(jiān)護(hù)是通用術(shù)語：是評估、審核和監(jiān)測個人健康所采取的任何程序，其目的是為了檢測人體是否出現(xiàn)了任何異常變化。Therearethreereasonsforhealthsurveillanceatwork:進(jìn)行職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護(hù)的三大理由如下：toensureadversehealtheffectsrelatedtotheworkareidentifiedatanearlystage;sometimesthisisstatutory,e.g.inrelationtoworkwithlead.為了確保能在早期就能發(fā)現(xiàn)工作對健康造成的不良影響；有時，健康監(jiān)護(hù)是強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定，例如對于與鉛接觸的工作。toensurecontinuedmedicalfitnessforspecifictaskslikedivingorfirefighting為了確保具有執(zhí)行特定任務(wù)所需的良好健康狀況，如潛水或消防等。topromotegeneralhealth.為了促進(jìn)身體健康。BIOLOGICALMONITORINGANDHEALTHSURVEILLANCE

生物監(jiān)測及健康監(jiān)護(hù)Healthsurveillancetechniquesshouldbe:健康監(jiān)護(hù)技術(shù)應(yīng)符合如下條件：

Highlysensitive靈敏度高。Specificintheirabilitytodetecteffectsatanearlyandreversiblestage.具備能在早期和可逆階段發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)面作用的能力。Safe.安全性高。Preferablynon-invasiveandacceptabletotheemployee.最好是非侵入式，員工可接受。Costisalsoaconsideration.成本也是一個考慮因素。Resultsofhealthsurveillanceshouldleadtosomeactionofbenefittothehealthofemployees.應(yīng)能通過健康監(jiān)護(hù)結(jié)果，制定有利于員工的措施。BIOLOGICALMONITORING(1)

生物監(jiān)測（1）Biologicalmonitoringisanintegralpartofhealthsurveillanceandisthemeasurementofhumantissues,fluidsorbehaviourincomparisonwithwhatisconsideredtobeanormalrangeofvalues.生物監(jiān)測是健康監(jiān)護(hù)不可分割的一部分，是對人體組織、體液或行為進(jìn)行測量，并將測量結(jié)果與正常值進(jìn)行對比的程序。Medicalconfidentialityapplies.應(yīng)符合醫(yī)療保密規(guī)定。Canestablishnotonlyexposurebutalsoitseffectonanindividualorgroupofpeople.不僅可以確定接觸限值，還能確定對個人或群體的影響。BIOLOGICALMONITORING(2)

生物監(jiān)測（2）Biologicalmeasurementscandetermine:-生物測量可以確定：thecontentofatoxicmaterialoritsmetaboliteinblood,urineandbreath血液、尿液和呼氣中有毒物質(zhì)或代謝物的含量。Itseffectsonenzymesystemsormetabolicpathways

對酶系統(tǒng)或代謝途徑的影響。Earlyreversibletissuechange早期可逆轉(zhuǎn)的組織變化。PhysiologicalchangesImmunologicalchanges.生理變化、免疫系統(tǒng)變化。TypesofMeasurements

測量類型Urine尿液Cells(exfoliatecytology)-bladdercancer細(xì)胞（尿液細(xì)胞學(xué)診斷）-膀胱癌Leveloftoxine.g.mercury毒素含量，如汞LevelofmetaboliteegTCA(tricarboxylicacid)代謝產(chǎn)物含量，如TCA（三羧酸）Protein(especiallykidneydamage)蛋白質(zhì)（尤其是腎臟損害）Bile(jaundice)膽汁（黃疸）Sugar(diabetes)-relevanttoshiftwork,publicservicevehicle(PSV)driving糖（糖尿?。c輪班、公共服務(wù)車輛（PSV）駕駛相關(guān)TypesofMeasurements

測量類型Blood

血液Fullbloodcountandhaemoglobin-lead,benzene,alcohol,workinthetropics全血計數(shù)和血紅蛋白——鉛、苯、酒精、熱帶地區(qū)工作Serum(deepfrozen)-baselineantibodylevelsinpathogenexposure血清（深度冷凍）——病原體接觸的基準(zhǔn)抗體水平Liverfunctiontests-alcohol,hepatotoxicchemicals肝功能檢查——酒精、肝毒性Renalfunctiontests-kidneytoxins腎功能檢查-腎臟毒素Toxinlevels-e.g.lead毒素含量-例如鉛Metabolitelevels-e.g.ALA.代謝水平-例如ALA。TypesofMeasurements

測量類型Skin皮膚Appearance外觀Pricktesting皮刺試驗Breath

呼吸Dichloromethaneandcarbonmonoxideexposure.

二氯甲烷和一氧化碳接觸限值。Vision視力

Acuitytestse.g.lorrydrivers,pilotsetc.視力測試，例如貨車司機(jī)，飛行員等。

Colourblindnesstestse.g.civilaviation,railways,microscopy.色盲測試，例如民航、鐵路、顯微鏡學(xué)行業(yè)。TypesofMeasurements

測量類型X-raysX-射線

Chestx-raysareusefulforconditionssuchasinfection胸部X光檢查可用于檢測感染等情況。Pneumoconiosischestx-rays塵肺病胸部X光檢查Neurologicaltests神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)測試

Mentalfunction

心理功能 Nervetransmis