新編經(jīng)貿(mào)英語核心教程下冊教學(xué)作者唐桂民徐章宏新編經(jīng)貿(mào)英語核心教程下冊參考答案

新編經(jīng)貿(mào)英語核心教程下冊答案

Unitl

Warm-uppractice

1Pre-textQuestions

1)Investmentreferstoputtingsb'smoneyinsomesectorsinthehopeofobtainingprofitable

returns,e.g.buyingshares,investinginapartnershipetc.

2)Thephenomenonthatinvestmentflowsfromonecountrytoanother.

3)Thefiercecompetitioninhomemarket,thepotentiallargemarketinaforeigncountry,the

preferencesprovidedbyaforeigncountryetc.

4)Foreigninvestmentwillbringaboutfundsneededbythehostcountry;foreigninvestment

maycreateemploymentopportunitiesbysettingupnewenterprises;foreigninvestmentmay

bringadvancedtechnologyandmanagerialexperiencesetc.

5)GrantforeigninvestorsnationaltreatmentstatusaccordingtoWTOAgreements;paymore

attentiontotheprotectionofintellectualproperty;keepthestablesociety;etc.

2MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththecorrespondingdeflnitionsinColumnB.

1)e

2)j

3)h

4)f

5)c

6)b

7)d

8)a

9)g

10)i

3Pre-textListeningActivities

(1)

Factorsboostingthisyear'sfigureinforeigndirectinvestment

1.strongereconomicgrowth

2.increasedcorporateprofitability

3.growinginvestorconfidence

4.arecoveryinmergersandacquisition

Increaseofforeigndirectinvestmentflowslastyear

TheU.S.:$86.6billion

Ireland:$41.7billion

Africa:$14billion

China:57billion

India:3.4billion

⑵

JapaneseAutomakersExpandOperations

QuestionAnswer

1.WhatarethethreebigJapaneseautoToyota,HondaandNissan

companies?

2.WhataretheJapaneseautocompaniesTheyareexpandingoperationsandadding

doingintheU.S.?workersintheU.S..

3.WhatwillbetheproductivityoftheTheJapaneseBigThreewillhavecapacityto

JapaneseBigThreein2006?build4.3millionvehiclesinAmerica.

4.WhatisthegainoftheJapaneseautoTheJapaneseBigThreehaveseentheirshareof

companiesinthepastfiveyears?theU.S.marketgrowto24percentfrom19

percent.

5.AccordingtopresidentandchiefThekeytoreducecostsistousetechnologyand

executiveofToyotaManufacturinginnovation.

Company,whatisthekeytoreduce

costs?

Text1

ComprehensionQuestions

1.Directforeigninvestmentandportfolioforeigninvestment.

2.Aportfolioportfolioforeigninvestmentisoneinwhichtheinvestorlimitsitsinvolvementto

providingequitycapitalinanenterprisemanagedbyanotherinthehopeofprofitablereturn.

3.Themajorformsincludeestablishingajointventure,aforeigncorporation,aforeign

partnership,acorporationwithaforeignbranch,andapartnershipwithaforeignbranch.

4.Suchallegationsincludeexportingjobs,assistingtheeconomicdevelopmentofrivalnations

attheexpenseofthehomecountryandreducingdomesticinvestment.

5.Allegedbenefitsincludebringingcapitalsintoacountrythatitselfcannotgeneratethefunds

neededformajorinvestmentprojects,creatinglocaljob,improvingmanagerialstandards,

introducingnewproducts,andahealthierbalanceofpaymentspositionforthehostnation

followingthelocalproductionofgoodsthatotherwisewouldhavetobeimported.

6.Fortheindividualfirm,specificmotivesforinvestingdirectlyinforeigncountriesmight

involvecommunicationdifficultieswithlocalrepresentatives,costlymarginstakenby

independentdistributors,andescalatingadministrativecostsconnectedwithorganizing

foreignoperationsfromthehomebase.

7.Apartfromlocalavailabilityofmanufacturingresources(labor,materials,etc)thedecision

whethertoinvestinforeignmanufacturingcapacitywillnormallyconsidersuchfactorsasthe

politicalstabilityofthecountry,theextentofgovernmentinvestmentgrantsandsubsidies,

legalmatterssuchastheeaseofpatentprotection,wageandothercosts,restrictionsonthe

repatriationofprofitsandtaxation.

8.Localregulationstypicallyreservecertainsectorsoftheeconomyexclusivelytothestateor

itsnationals,permitsalimitedpercentageofforeigncapitalparticipationincertainsectors,or

definecertainsectorsinwhichfullormajorityforeignownershipisallowedorencouraged.

9.Foreignersareoftenencouragedtoinvestinsectorswherelocaldevelopmentresourcesare

limited,whereforeigninvestmentwillincreasethenumberoflocaljobs,andwherethe

foreignexporttradewillgrow.

10.Therightofastatetorestrictforeigninvestmentinparticulargeographicareaisrespectedby

otherstatesasanexpressionofthestate'ssovereignauthority.

Paraphrase

1.Thetypicalportfolioinvestmentismadebypurchasingaforeignenterprise'sa

noncontrollingamountofstockonastockexchangeorinaprivatemarketwithanaimtoget

profits.Inthiscase,theinvestorwillnotparticipateinmanagingtheforeignenterprise.

2.Localgovernmentsoftenconcernabouttheforeigninfluenceexertedbythedirectforeign

investmentonitseconomy,eventhesmallamountofdirectforeigninvestment.Thusthe

localgovernmentusuallypaysmoreattentiontoregulatingthedirectforeigninvestment.

3.Fortheindividualfirm,specificaimsforinvestingdirectlyinforeigncountriesmightinclude

solvingthecommunicationdifficultieswithlocalrepresentatives,savingingthegreatcosts

whichhavetobepaidtoindependentdistributors,andreducingadministrativecostsresulting

fromorganizingforeignplantsfromtheheadquarterlocatedinthehomecountry.(Para.5)

4.Sometimesaninvestorcannotbringhisplantsinfulloperationinhisowncountry.Therefore,

theinvestorestablisheshisplantsinaforeigncountryinordertobringhisplantsinfull

operation.

5.Usuallytherightofastatetorestrictforeigninvestmentinparticulargeographicareais

respectedbyotherstates.Suchrespectisbasedontherespectofthestate'ssovereign

authority.

IVExercises

1Note-taking&Gap-filling

1)underpinning

2)mergersandacquisitions

3)operations

4)straightforward

5)springboard

6)assembly

7)headquarters

8)stability

9)infrastructure

10)integration

2Vocabulary

ABlankFilling

1.access

2.assembly

3.orient

4.margin

5.managerial

6.prototype

7.repatriate

8.jointventures

9.sensative

10.equity

11.turnablindeyeto

12.publicutility

13.allegations

14.associate

15.overwhelming

B.Fillinguptheblankswiththecorrectwordsgiven.

1)a)charged

b)accused

c)impeached

2)a)asserted

b)alleged

c)affirmed

3)a)banned

b)forbidden

c)prohibited

4)a)began

b)started

c)commenced

d)launched

5)a)considered

b)regard

c)deemed

6)a)decided

b)determined

c)resolved

d)settled

7)a)fetch

b)carried

c)takes

d)brought

8)a)emigrate

b)immigrated

c)migrate

9)a)rose

b)arose

c)raise

d)lifted

10)a)respecting

b)respectable

c)respectful

3ProofreadingandErrorCorrection

1)provide-provides

2)combining-combined

3)that-why

4)second一two

5)yet-still

6)Athemost

7)electrical-electronic

8)adopting-adoption

9)over-on

10)workforce-workforces

4Translation

A.

1)Thedecisionwhethertopunishthecompanydependsontheresultoftheremediesofferedby

it.

2)Charterpartyisonecontractinwhichanentireshipishiredtoauser.

3)Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthetendencyofeconomyglobalizationisbecomingmore

andmorenoticeable.

4)Herbeinglateisbasedontheallegationthatthereisatrafficjamonthewaytowork.

5)ThemoreIknowabouttheevent,thebetterIcanunderstandthepersistentteacher.

6)Thedecisionwhethertocontinueherstudydependsonherincomeinthesummerholiday.

7)Standardcontractisoneinwhichthetermsandconditionsarepreparedbyoneparty.

8)Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthequalityofthebeveragehasdecreasedinrecentyears..

9)Themoresuggestionswetake,thebettersolutionswecanmake.

10)Hisfailureinexaminationisbasedontheallegationthathedidnothaveagoodsleeplast

night.

B.

1)InternationalInvestmentForumisaworldleveleconomicforumofinternationalinfluence,as

wellasthemostauthoritativeinternationalinvestmentstrategyforumintheAsia-Pacific

region.

2）Apartfromthecostsoflaborandrawmaterial,thepoliticalenvironmentandlegal

environmentofacountryshouldbealsotakenintoaccountbyforeigninvestors.

3）UnitedStatesstronglyfavorstheinternationallyfreeflowofcapital,anditslawsimpose

relativelyfewbarrierstotheinflowandoutflowofcapital.

4）Therearestrategicsectorsoftheeconomy,however,inwhichnationsstrictlylimitforeign

investment.IntheUnitedStates,forinstance,foreignnationalsmaynotholdmorethan25

percentofsharesinanAmericanairlineortelecommunicationscompany.

5）Hostcountriesprovideavarietyofguaranteestoforeigninvestorstoattractmoreinvestment,

includingmakingcompensationtotheforeigninvestorsintheeventofnationalizationofa

foreign-ownedenterprise.

6）與從零開始建立一個全新的企業(yè)相比，收購其他企業(yè)具有若干優(yōu)勢，如避免了建立新企

業(yè)的時間與成本投入，及可以直接控制企業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)的運作等。

7）所謂兼并是企業(yè)間的一種自愿地、永久性地合并。通過兼并，一個或數(shù)個公司與另一個

或數(shù)個公司實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)組織與身份上的整合，自此共同以?個新成立的公司的名字開展?fàn)I

利活動。

8）國際直接投資被認(rèn)為可為東道國帶來諸多利益，包括增加就業(yè)機會，提高管理水平，引

進新產(chǎn)品，實現(xiàn)良好的國際收支帳目平衡。

9）垂直整合是指對同一行業(yè)處于生產(chǎn)與分配鏈條不同階段的公司進行兼并或接收，比如，

兼并分配商或原材料供應(yīng)商。

10）公司的多元化經(jīng)營可以避免公司業(yè)務(wù)因某種特定產(chǎn)品在市場上的失利而陷入困境。但過

度的多元化經(jīng)營也必定使公司演變成為一個聯(lián)合大企業(yè)，涵蓋多種不相關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)。

5Cloze

1.role

1Agreements

2foreign

3supply

4facility

5well

6manufactures

7ventures

8vehicle

9based

10subsidiary

11sector

12number

13from

14companies

TextII

ComprehensionQuestions

1.c

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.D

6.D

7.B

8.C

9.C

10.A

Unit2

Warm-upPractice

1.Pre-textquestions(omitted)

2.MatchthewordsorphrasesinColumnAwiththecorrespondingdefinitionsinColumn

B,andthentrytogivetheirChineseequivalents.

1)d

2)c

3)h

4)a

5)g

6)e

7)i

8)j

9)b

10)f

3.Pre-textListeningActivities

(1)

MajorproblemsconfrontinganMNCNote

1.Itmustworryabouthowtoovercomethe

communicationbarriersalreadymentioned(cultural

differences,distance,andenvironment)

2.Ithastodealwiththedifferentlegalandtaxstructures

inthevariouscountries.

3.hastocopewithforeigncurrencysothatitcanprotect

itsforeignassets.

4.Itmustdecidewhethertodelegatetheauthorityto

subsidiariesorcentralize.

SomeotherproblemsforanMNC

1.howtosecurecontinuedaccesstoresources

2.howtoincreasemarketshare

3.howtotackleincreasedcriticismandinterferenceby

foreigngovernment

4.howtodealwithlaborlawsandantitrustlegislation

bothathomeandabroad.

Keytosuccess

1.continuedaccesstonaturalresources

2.continuedaccesstohumanresources.

(2)Listentoaconversationandtrytoanswerthequestions.Thencompareyourswithyour

partner's.

Questionsonindigenoushomelandsandtransnationalcorporations

QuestionsAnswers

6.Whocontrolsacorporation?Acorporationiscontrolledbythepeoplethat

ownandmanageit.

7.Whorunsacorporation?Corporatedecisionsaremadefromthe

corporateheadquarters.Theboardofdirectors

(thoseowningthemostshares)makethepolicy

decisions.

8.Wheredoprofitscomefrom?Profitsarerealizedbychangingaresourceinto

asaleablecommodity.

9.HowisatransnationalcorporationAtransnationalcorporationisorganizedfor

organized?maximumprofit.

10.Whatabouthumanlabor?Humanlaboralwaysrepresentsapossibilityof

unionizing,absenteeism,strikesandpay

increases.

11.Dotransnationalsworktogether?Yes,manytransnationalsworktogetherfrom

timetotime.Oftentheyformcartels.

12.HowdotransnationalscontrolTransnationalscontrolnationalgovernmentsin

nationalgovernments?termsoftechnologicalexpertise,equipment,

goods,shippinglines,andinvestmentcapital.

13.DoestheIMFhavecontroloverYes,dieFIRST,SECONDandTHIRDworlds

Europe,JapanortheU.S.?areallpartofthesamesystem.Tobemore

precise,theproducingandconsumingnations

areallpartoftheworldeconomicsystem.

14.WhatistheroleofindigenousForthemostpart,indigenouspeoplesare

peoples?headedfortheslumsandghettosofthestarving

millionstomakewayforindustrial

'development5.

15.ArethereanyalternativesforYes.Thefinelytunedculturesand

indigenouspeoples?economiesthathavekeptindigenous

peoplesaliveforthousandsofyearsmay

betheirverytoolsforsurvival.

Exercises

1.Note-taking&Gap-filling

1)long

2)maximize

3)spurred

4)jobs

5)creation

6)useful;

7)Eventually

8)delegate

9)commutation

10)access

2.Vocabulary

A.Blank-filling

1)infringement

2)immunity

3)enacted

4)siphoning

5)affiliates

6)advanced

7)permitted

8)attributable

9)potentials

10)incentives

11)dedicated

12)initiated;committed

13)extortion

14)codes

B.

1)a)introducesb)innovatec)originate

2)a)disasterb)calamityc)catastrophe

3)a)accommodateb)accustomc)adaptd)conform

4)a)ratiob)proportionc)rate

5)a)increasesb)enhancec)enlarging

6)a)integrateb)blendedc)mergedd)combined

7)a)companyb)firmC)coiporations

8)a)categoriesb)classc)kinds

9)a)scarceb)deficientc)scant

10)a)diverseb)differentc)various

3.Proofreadinganderrorcorrection

1)在“howmuch"前面加上“of”；

2)將“centralizing”改為ucentralizedv

3)在"feedback"前面加上“the”；

4)將“on”改為“to”

5)將“however"改為"therefore”

6)在developmentw前面加上"for”；

7)將“therefore”改為“however”

8)將“remains”改為amaintainsw

9)將“take”改為“make”

10)在“fragmentation”前面力口上“to”

4.Translation

1)HeseemsnottograspwhatImean,whichupsetsme.

2)ItemergedthatEdnamadethecomplaint,whichsurprisedeverybody

3)Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgooutingtogethertomorrow.

4)Theproblemiswhethertheywillbeabletohelpuswiththeemergentincident.

5)ThisisawaywherebyyoucanlearnEnglishquickly.

6)Hemadeanarrangementwherebyacarisavailable.

7)Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.

8)Thenewsthathewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly

9)Thisisaninterestingsubject,aboutwhichwemightargueforalongwhile.

10)Iboughtanewcaryesterday,forwhichIpaidseveralthousandpounds.

BfromEnglishtoChinese

1)Whenacorporationexpandsitsactivitiesacrossitsbordersandengagesininternationaltrade,

itcouldbeonthewaytobecomingamultinationalcorporation.Amultinationalcorporation

hasindustrialandcommercialorganizationinforeigncountries.

2)SuccessfulMNCseventuallymustlearnhowtointerrelatetheirsubsidiarieswithparent

company,howtodelegatedecision-makingauthority,andhowtodevelopsatisfactory

methodsofcontrolandsupervision.

3)AfavorableaspectaboutMNCsisthattheycreatejobsinforeigncountries.Theyalso

contributetoinnovationorcreationofnewproductsandtechnology.Butwheninnovation

levelsoffandlocaltechnologyreachesapointofsufficiency,MNCsareconsideredtobeno

longeruseful.

4)AtthispointMNCsruntheriskofnationalization,whichistheconfiscationofacompany's

property(plant,equipment,etc.)byaforeigngovernmentwithorwithoutadequate

compensation.

5)Thecompetitiveadvantageisrealizedbytakingstrategicactions,whichcanoptimizevarious

andsometimesconflictinggoals.

6)盡管追求額外利潤或保護現(xiàn)有的國家財政收入可以解釋跨國公司存在的原因，但是這些

對跨國公司為何壯大和興旺卻不能提供同樣完整的解釋。

7)全球管理的戰(zhàn)略性任務(wù)是使用所有具有競爭優(yōu)勢的資源，在跨國企業(yè)中以優(yōu)化組合的方

式提高效率、降低風(fēng)險和增進學(xué)習(xí)。

8)這?框架的另?實際用途是表明各種目標(biāo)之間以及各種方式之間的矛盾，并突顯戰(zhàn)略性

困境，而這些困境在其他情況下是被忽視的。

9)雖然熱情高漲，但“全球性”戰(zhàn)略到底意味什么在概念上卻是摸棱兩可的。

10)無論是實際操作者還是研究人員，在應(yīng)對這些數(shù)量雖少但內(nèi)容豐富的有關(guān)全球戰(zhàn)略的

文獻時都會遇到這樣的困難：缺乏一個有條理的框架將不同的研究視角與研究規(guī)定統(tǒng)一

起來。

5.Cloze

1)troubled2)warranted3)charge4)destructive5)manipulate

6)perceived7)monopoly8)undermining9)exploiting10)examine

11)impact12)reveals13)actualized14)improvement15)reduction

TextII

ComprehensionQuestions

1.B2D3.D4.A5.C6.C7.B8.D9.C10.A

Unit3

VI.Exercises

1.Note-taking&Gap-filling

1)moreproactivethanreactive

2)respondtoactivities

3)chiefexecutiveofficers

4)benefit

5)formulatebetterstrategies

6)systematic,logical,andrationalapproach

7)theprocess

8)Communication

9)supportingtheorganization

10)Themanner

11)understandingandcommitment

12)whattheorganizationisdoingandwhy

13)assistingit

14)organizationalperformance

15)thefirm'smission,objectives

2Vocabulary

ABlankFilling

BFillintheblankswiththecorrectwordsgiven.

3.ErrorCorrection

1.as改為to2.about省略

3.these改為those4.admired改為admiring

5.employer改為employee6.consciously改為unconsciously

7.comfortably改為comfortable8.them改為him

9.friend改為friends10.withoutaware改為withoutbeingaware

4.Translation

A.FromChineseintoEnglish:

1)Twodecadessinceitinauguratedreformandopening-up,Chinahassteadfastlyadheredtothe

policyofopeningtotheoutsideworld,developedforeigntradeinrealearnestandactively

attractedforeigninvestment.China'stradevaluenowtakesthe7thplaceintheworldandits

foreigncapitalattractionhasbeenrankingastheforemostamongalldevelopingcountriesfor

8yearsinarow.

2)Reformandopening-uphavenotonlypromotedthesustained,swiftandsounddevelopment

ofChina'snationaleconomy,butalsohelpedrestructureitseconomicsystem.Inaddition,this

processhasnotonlylaidasolidfoundationforChinatodevelopintothefuture,butalso

contributedtotheprosperityofAsianeconomyandtheworldeconomyatlarge.

3)OntheoccasionoftheFifthChinaInternationalFairforInvestmentandTrade,Iwouldlike,

onbehalfoftheChinesegovernment,toextendmywarmwelcometoalldistinguishedguests

comingfromallovertheworld.

4)Wewilltakeanevenmoreactivepositiontoseizetheopportunitiesandmeetthechallenges

withtheviewtopushingforwardcomprehensiveopening-upatalllevelsandsectorsandto

servingChina'smodernizationdrive.

5)WewillalsocarryouttheopenstrategyofGoingGlobalandencouragequalifiedcompanies

withcompetencetomakeoverseasinvestment.Inthisway,wecanintegrate"Attracting

ForeignInvestmenf,with“GoingGlobal”andparticipateininternationaleconomic

cooperationinamorecomprehensiveway.

6)The'4West-to-EastGasTransmittingProject"，whichlinkstheTarimBasinofXinjiangUygur

AutonomousRegionwithShanghai.Itextends4200kilometersandcovers8provinces,

municipalitiesandautonomousregions.Itisthemosturgent-specifiedprojectwiththelargest

investmentintheState'sstrategyofdevelopingChina'swest.

7)PudongisawindowtotheancientcultureofChina,agatewaytotheChinamarket,andit's

alsoastrongbridgebetweenChinaandthemarketsoftheworld.

8)GuangzhoubordersontheSouthChinaSeaandisadjacenttoHongKongandMacao.Itisthe

communicationsandtelecommunicationshubandtradeportforSouthChina,and“thesouth

gateway^^toChina.

9)TheGuangdongTradeDelegationwillimplementvigorouslytheoutward-orienteddriving

strategyasstipulatedbytheCPCGuangdongCommitteeandtheProvincialGovernmentto

facesquarelyandovercomethevariousdifficultiesinforeigntradeandexports.Furthermore,

weshouldmakefullpreparationstoseizetheopportunitiesahead,takevigorousactionto

increaseexternaltransactions,andstrivetofulfilltheexportgrowthtarget.

10)Withajointventure,aforeignpartnerusuallybringsintotheenterpriseorbusinesscapital

funds,machinery,advancedtechnologyandmanagement,whiletheChinesepartnersupplies

land,labor,andaportionofthefundsfortheinfrastructure.Thebusinessisthenjointlyrunby

bothparties.

BFromEnglishintoChinese

1)本次合并對雙方而言都是自然的發(fā)展步驟，因為雙方享有相同的以科技為本的文化，并

對本行業(yè)發(fā)展具有相同的理念。

2)通過強強聯(lián)合，雙方的研發(fā)能力將大大加強，為創(chuàng)新性的增長提供堅實的基礎(chǔ)。

3)就戰(zhàn)略而言，管理階層希望合并能通過整合重復(fù)領(lǐng)域大大提高運營效率。據(jù)估算，在未

來的三年中，合并將使成本削減達10億美元以上。

4)隨著公司的國際化運作，他們的眼光越來越投向全球。此外，競爭極為激烈的國內(nèi)市場

也迫使公司走出國門在海外尋找新的競爭優(yōu)勢。

5)如果只是因為碰巧看中了諸如在成本或靈活性方面的優(yōu)點而忽略其余條件，就選定一個

供應(yīng)商，那將是很危險的。

6)進行全球采購卻有許多好處，但是決策者應(yīng)該首先全面考慮一下主要的操作因素。

7)一家服裝公司只看到低成本而只從亞洲的供應(yīng)商進貨，但是隨著那里的勞動力成本的增

力n,它不得不另找一家低成本的供應(yīng)商。

8)如果是長期伙伴關(guān)系，那么就該認(rèn)真探討雙方在信息和資源方面的共享程度，以期實現(xiàn)

合作的價值最大化。預(yù)期的合作伙伴應(yīng)坐下來好好談?wù)勔允裁礃幼拥淖罴逊绞竭M行合

作。

9)要生存下去，所有的組織必須迅速識別環(huán)境的變化并做出相應(yīng)的變化。戰(zhàn)略管理的過程

旨在幫助組織能夠有效地從長遠的角度作出變革。

10)因此一個組織的文化必須能夠有助于它的所有成員齊心協(xié)力，致力于共同的組織發(fā)展目

標(biāo)。有助于培養(yǎng)管理人員以及員工們的能力和熱情。

5.Cloze

Thestrategic-managementprocessisdynamicandcontinuous.Achangeinanyoneofthe

majorcomponentsinthemodelcannecessitateachangeinanyoralloftheothercomponents.For

instance,ashiftintheeconomycouldrepresentamajoropportunityandrequireachangein

long-termobjectivesandstrategies;afailuretoaccomplishannualobjectivescouldrequirea

changeinthepolicy;oramajorcompetitor'schangeinstrategycouldrequireachangeinthe

firm'smission.Therefore,strategyformulation,implementation,andevaluationactivitiesshould

beperformedonacontinualbasis,notjustattheendoftheyearorsemiannually.The

strategy-managementprocessneverreallyends.

Applicationofthestrategy-managementprocessistypicallymoreformalinlargerand

well-establishedorganizations.Formalityreferstotheextentthatparticipants,responsibilities,

authority,duties.Andapproacharespecified.Smallerbusinessestendtobelessformal.Firmsthat

competeincomplex,rapidlychangingenvironmentssuchastechnologycompaniestendtobe

moreformalinstrategicplanning.Firmsthathavemanydivisions,products,markets,and

technologiesalsotendtobemoreformalinapplyingstrategic-managementconcepts.Greater

formalityinapplyingthestrategicmanagementprocessisusuallypositivelyassociatedwiththe

cost,comprehensiveness,accuracy,andsuccessofplanningacrossalltypesandsizesof

organization.

Unit4

Warm-uppractice

1.Pre-textquestions

1)Whatdoyouknowaboutwhatoperationsmanagementreferto?(Answervaries.)

2)Whydoesacompanyneedproductionandoperationsmanagement?(Answervaries.)

3)Howareoperationsmanagementenforcedinbusiness?(Answervaries.)

4)Doyouthinkit'snecessarytoapplyoperationsmanagement?Stateyourreasons.(Answer

varies.)

5)Inyourmind,whatisthenatureoftheoperationmanager'sjob?(Answervaries.)

2.MatchthewordsorphrasesinColumnAwiththecorrespondingdefinitions

l)g2)c3)i4)e5)f6)d7)h8)b9)j10)a

3.Pre-textListeningActivities

⑴

RecenttrendsNotes

1.Globalmarketplace

2.

3.Keyfeaturesinclude:

1)teamapproach

2)

3)emphasisonservingthecustomer

4)

4.Flexibility

5.Itcouldbeachievedin

l)process

2)informationretrieval

3)

4)

6.technologyERPstandsfor...

7.Thekeytoitistheusesof...

8.ReengineeringReengineeringmeans...

9.Thereisincreasingemphasison

1)

2)

3)recycling

4)makingiteasierforconsumerstorecycle

products,and

5)

10.

11.

12.LeanproductionLeanproductionmeans...

TextI

ComprehensionQuestions

1.Whatdoesoperationsmanagementreferto?(Para.1)

2.Whataretheactivitiesandsituationscoveredbyproductionmanagementoutside

manufacturing?(Para.2)

3.Whatiscapacityplanninginanairlinecompany?(Para.2-2)

4.Whymustwestudyoperationsmanagement?(Para.3)

5.Whatarethethreebasicfunctionsofatypicalb