高三英語學法指導與基礎訓練(一)

高三英語學法指導與基礎訓練（一）

一、談談閱讀理解

閱讀是高考的重點和難點。閱讀理解在高考試卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空題（有人

稱之為缺詞閱讀）30分，那就是70分，占了將近總分的一半。高考之所以重視閱讀理解，是因

為閱讀是一種比較高級的語言能力，它是獲取更綜合、更復雜、更精確信息的必要手段。閱讀能

力也是做好其他題型，如聽力、單項填空、短文改錯和書面表達的基本因素。閱讀理解的考核是

在語篇中進行的，也易于考查觀察、判斷、推理與綜合的能力。

閱讀理解題一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新聞報道、議論文和應用文（如廣告、

產品說明、電報等）o五篇文章加上所問問題，總單詞量在2000個左右，要求在35分鐘內完成。

閱讀速度平均為每分鐘60個詞。

做好閱讀理解題的必備條件：

1、能迅速看準每一句的結構，找出主句的主語、謂語和賓語。

2、有一定的詞匯量和分辨詞義詞性的能力。

3、能靈活運動所學過的語法和詞匯知識，對影響意思理解的復合句、非謂語動詞短語、關

聯(lián)詞語、后置定語、省略、替代和跳躍等語言現(xiàn)象做出正確判斷。

4、有良好的思維能力。會邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而做出正確的推理判斷，綜合概括，

準確理解表面意思和深層含義。

5、會精讀，也會跳讀和略讀。

6、具有相當?shù)拈喿x實踐經驗和良好的語感。

7、對英美文化有一定了解。

在準備閱讀理解測試時，要明確閱讀的能力是靠大量閱讀的實踐練出來的。有志于提高閱讀

水平的同學，應該每天堅持讀三四篇文章，日積月累，才能逐步提高閱讀水平。讀的時候要注意

精讀與泛讀相結合。精讀的文章力求弄懂每一句話，每一個詞，必要時要請教老師，翻查詞典。

泛讀的文章，一般是難度較小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些詞甚至句子不懂也沒關系，盡量

不查詞典，這樣可以保證一定的速度和量。泛讀對培養(yǎng)語感，提高速度有很大好處。可惜有同學

不重視泛讀，以為閱讀就是逐字讀，這其實是片面的。

二、練習與解析

In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whenthe

explores（探險者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.

Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople"expressed

theirsurprise.“Why,"theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon'tevenuseyourinner

space?H

H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969.humanbeingsreallydidlandonthe

moon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthat

the“moonpeople**askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriously

thinkingaboutit.

Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insome

cities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The

HChunner\atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.

Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan*sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkof

undergroundsystems,called“AliceCities."Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparks

andusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome(太陽能穹頂)would

coverthewholecity.

Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagood

waytousetheearth*sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,and

wilderness.H.G.Wells,umoonpeople"wouldagree.Wouldyou?

1.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells^toryweresurprisedtofindthatthe“moonpeople”

A.knewsomuchabouttheearth

B.understoodtheirlanguage

C.liveinsomanyundergroundcities

D.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"(Paragraph2)referto?

A.Discoveringthemoon'sinnerspace.

B.UsingtheearthJsinnerspace.

C.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.

D.Travelingtoouterspace.

3.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?

A.Offices,shoppingareas,powerstations.

B.Tunnels,carparks,shoppingareas.

C.Gardens,carparks,powerstations.

D.Tunnels,gardens,offices.

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AliceCities-citiesofthefuture

B.SpacetravelwithH.G.Wells

C.Enjoylivingunderground

D.Buildingdown,notup

l.C2.B3.B4.D

1.解答本題時，可從開頭段中theexplorers登上月球后的發(fā)現(xiàn)找出線索:.theydiscovered

thatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities,也就是本題題干與選項C結合而成的說法：The

explorers...tofindthattheMmoonpeople”livedinsomanyundergroundcities?

2.注意此句重心在后，強調的是：…youdon'tevenuseyourinnerspace,也即選項B所說

的Usingtheearth'sinnerspaceo

3.通過跳讀迅速將探索范圍縮小到第3段其主題句即為Undergroundsystemsarealreadyin

place,然后列出這些systems的名稱：carparks,largeundergroundshoppingareas,atunnelo

4.短文開頭explorers與moonpeople之間的對話中即已點明useinnerspace,也就是build

down這一主題；結尾段中則更為明確地將全文主題(undergrounddevelopment)解釋為building

downratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearthsspace,,由此可以確定本題答案為Do

(2)

LONDON(Reuters)—Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGold

prefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwill

spendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.

“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,nGoldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(農藥),andyouare

generallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)

grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty."Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintothe

organictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheir

organicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyarethey

willingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuy

organicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganic

foodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.

AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported（進口）tomeetgrowing

demand."Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast

growingmarket,nsaidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.

1.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause.

A.theyaregettingricher

B.theycangetthefoodanywhere

C.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution

D.theylikehome-grownfruit

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruetothefactsaboutmostorganicproducesold

inBritain?

A.Itgrowsindoorsallyearround.

B.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.

C.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.

D.Itisproducedonlargefarms.

3.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.growinginterestinorganicfood

B.betterqualityoforganicfood

C.risingmarketfororganicfood

D.higherpricesoforganicfood

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?

A.Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?

B.ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritain

C.Organicfood—toimportornot?

D.Goodqualitiesoforganicfood

l.C2.B3.A4.A

1.Gold的話代表了英國消費者的認識，"…Thefoodisfreeofpesticides…”也就是：ihey

considerthefoodfreeofpollution.

2.短文中與MostorganicproducesoldinBritain產地相關的內容，排除干擾選項，選定最佳

答案。

3.本題四個選項中均包含organicfood(與主題相關，錯誤選項因而會構成干擾)，但從所

在句看，buyingintotheorganictrend的主語是(agrowingnumberof)shoppers,越來越多的人開始

購買這種食品，當然意味著(theshoppers)haveshownagrowinginterestinorganicfood?選項A表

達的正是這樣一種形勢，應為最佳答案。

4.Organicfood-healthy(雖與人們所知有些出入，但大體如此)；orjustforthewealthy?

短文中有shoppersarewillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce,與此相符。

(3)

THEATRE

CityVarieties

TheHeadrow,Leeds.Tel.430808

Oct10-11onlyAnightattheVarieties.AllthefunofanoldmusichallwithBarryGryer,

DuggleBrown,6dancers,Mystina,JonBarker,AnneDuvalandtheTonyHarrisonTrio.Laughagain

attheoldjokesandlistentoyourfavouritesongs.

Performances:8pmnightly.

Admission:￡5；under16orover60:￡4.

YorkTheatreRoyal

StLeonard'sPlace,York.TeL223568

Sept23-Oct17GropingforWords-acomedybySueTownsend.Bestknownforher

AdrianMoleDiaries,Townsendnowwritesaboutaneveningclasswhichtwomenandawoman

attend.Agentlecomedy.

Admission:Firstnight,Mon:￡2；Tues-Fri:￡3.25-5.50；Sat:￡3.50-5.75

HalifaxPlayhouse

KingsCrossStreet,Halifax.Tel365998

Oct10-17OnGoldenPondbyErnestThompson.Thisisamagicalcomedyaboutrealpeople.

Abeautifullyproduced,well-actedplayforeveryone.Don'tmissit.

Performances:7:30pm.

Admission:￡2.Mon:2seatsforthepriceofone.

GrandTheatre

OxfordStreet,Leeds.Tel.502116

RestaurantandCafe.

Oct1-17TheSecretDiaryofAdrianMole,Aged13.SueTownsend'smusicalplay,basedon

herbest-sellingbook.

Performances:Evenings7:45.October10-17,at2:30pm.NoMondayperformances.

Admission:Tues-Thurs:￡2-5；Fri&Sat:￡2-6.

1.Whichtheatreoffersthecheapestseat?

A.HalifaxPlayhouse.B.CityVarieties.

C.GrandTheatre.D.YorkTheatreRoyal.

2.Ifyouwanttoseeaplaywitholdjokesandsongs,whichphonenumberwillyouringtobooka

seat?

A.502116B.223568C.365998D.430808

3.WemaylearnfromthetextthatSueTownsendis.

A.awriterB.anactressC.amusicianD.adirector

1.A2.D3.A

1.此處問及票價，涉及的關鍵詞Admission很可能是生詞，但完全可以憑借該詞之后的￡5；

under16orover60：￡4等內容推斷其含義為入場票價。HalifaxPlayhouse為:￡2.Mon：2seats

forthepriceofone,應為最低價格。

2.通過跳讀可以很快找到，本段開頭第二行有：TeL403808；本題答案已明，應該選Do

3.SureTownsend首先出現(xiàn)在第二段里:acomedybySueTownsend....Townsendnowwrites

about...;這一人名還出現(xiàn)在最后一段里：SureTownsend'smusicalplay,basedonherbest-selling

booko這樣一些關于上演劇目的背景交待足以說明SueTownsend的身份，應該是writer。

高三英語學法指導與基礎訓練（二）

如何解答閱讀理解中的問題

在準備閱讀理解測試時，要對經常出現(xiàn)的問題進行總結。高考中的閱讀理解問題，主要涉及

文章中的知識細節(jié)，概括中心意思，猜測陌生詞語的意思和推理判斷。測試問題方式采用多項選

擇題型，每題給出四個備選答案，要求從中選出一個最佳答案。例如：

考查主題思想或段落大意

Thestorymainlytellsus.

Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe.

推理判斷測試題

Wecaninferfromthepassage.

Wecanconcludefromthepassage.

應對閱讀理解測試時的注意事項

1.如有的文章帶標題，應仔細看標題。標題是文章主題的高度概括，它可以給我們一些啟

示和線索。

2.先快速瀏覽一下全文，大概了解一下這是記敘文還是科普文章，中文注釋的單詞是什么

意思，這一步要快。

3.仔細看原文，凡人物與數(shù)字或地名可用筆作個記號，沒弄明白的地方也可劃個線，以便

看完全文再重讀。讀時要注意弄明白句子的主謂結構，同時在大腦中加工所得到的信息。

4.看完文章，即可做題。要注意四個選項都看看，不要只看了一兩個就作出判斷。對有把

握的題在做完判斷后就不要折回原文核對了。但對沒有把握的題則應把相關的句或段重看一次。

5.判斷詞義詞性時要注意結合上下文。人家考的是在特定的環(huán)境下的意思。

6.概括中心意思時，要注意不可離題太遠，太籠統(tǒng)，但也不要只概括一段或幾句的意思。

段落大意一般常與該段首句或尾句有關。

7.問及對某個問題的看法與態(tài)度，要記住是在問作者態(tài)度，而不是問你作為中國學生的想

法。

8.考查文章細節(jié)的問題一定要在原文中找到出處。

9.如時間夠，還應復讀全文，核對各題答案，完成未定之題。要注意各題的答案要邏輯一

致，不能自相矛盾。

練習與解析

（1）

Treasurehunts（尋寶）haveexcitedpeople'simaginationforhundredsofyearsbothinreallifeand

inbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson'sTreasureIsland.KitWilliams,amodernwriter,hadthe

ideaofcombiningtherealexcitementofatreasurehuntwithclues（線索）foundinabookwhenhe

wroteachildren'sstory,Masquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcame

outWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofclues

tohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”，orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.

KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitfornearlytwoyears.Although

hehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic

（邏輯），notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart.

Hehadrealizedthatthewords:"OneofSixtoEight”underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthe

hareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVllfssixwives.Evenhere,however,

Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimbolton

inCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliamshadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendigging

thereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthis

childhoodnearAmpthill,inBedforshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplacehe

knewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecame

acrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1772.

Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.Itwasonlyafterhehadspentseveralnightsdigging

aroundthecrossthathedecidedtowritetoKitWilliamstofindoutifhewaswastinghistimethere.

Williamsencouragedhimtocontinue,andonFebruary24th1982,hefoundthetreasure.Itwasworth

￡；3000inthebeginning,buttheexcitementithadcausedsinceitsburialmadeitmuchmorevaluable.

1.Theunderlinedword“them”(paragraph1)refersto.

A.redherringsB.treasurehunts

C.HenryVllfssixwivesD.readersofMasquerade

2.WhatisthemostimportantclueinthestorytohelpKenRobertsfindthehare?

A.TwostonecrossesinAmpthill.B.Stevenson'sTreasureIsland.

C.KatherineofAragon.D.Williams1hometown.

3.ThestonecrossesinAmpthillwerebuilt.

A.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773

B.toshowrespectfbrHenryVIII'sfirstwife

C.toserveasaroadsigninAmpthillPark

D.toinformpeoplewherethegoldharewas

4.WhichofthefollowingdescribesRoberts5logicinsearchingforthehare?

a.HenryVIITssixwives

b.Katherine'sburialplaceatKimbolton

c.Williams*childhoodinAmpthill

d.KatherineofAragon

e.stonecrossesinAmpthillPark

A.a-b-c-d-eB.d-b-c-e-aC.a-d-b-c-eD.b-a-e-c-d

5.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

A.Anexcitinghistoricalevent.B.Amoderntreasurehunt.

C.TheattractionofMasquerade.D.Theimportanceoflogicalthinking.

l.D最重要的線索為them之前的動詞mislead,由其語義可以斷定，其后為“人”而非“物”，

答案為readers(of...)

2.C循序查找另外三個與故事相關的線索，體會本文作者描述幸運讀者KenRoberts尋寶過

程時的語氣變化:其中,第二段第3句為Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedan

importantclueatthestart…而后聯(lián)系至『'OneofSixtoEight"也就是KatherineofAragono

3.BInherhonor是回答本題的關鍵信息，指的就是toshowrespectforHenryVllfsfirstwife

4.C首先比較A、B、C、D四個選項中排序的異同，確認開頭兩項為ab,db,還是ba。從

短文中確認a在前；縮小范圍看第二步，比較b,d,應該是d；至此答案已明：a-d...

5.B通觀全文，開頭點題后，通篇在談作家KitWVliams為其作品Masquerade設計了一項

尋寶的活動，讀者KenRoberts如何追根溯源，獲得成功。

(2)

Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'lhavetobeahassle；itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBeth

Anaclerio,anEvasionmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.

“Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,and

oftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn'thavetobethatway,“

saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa

2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket75Theirgoalistohelp

parentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,

whiletheytakecareofeverything.

Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated（制作）10ready-to-use,homeparty

packages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothe

homeinalargebasket.

“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,"Anacleriosaid,“andihey'reveryinteractive（互動）

andcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppe

partytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.M

Thestandard$200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitations,gifts,

gamesandprizes,papergoods,apartyplannerandthelike.Formoreinformation,callAnaclerioat

708-864-6584orCarlisleat708-205-9141.

1.Themainpurposeofwritingthistextis.

A.toshareinformationaboutpartyplanning

B.tointroducethejoysofabirthdayparty

C.toannounceabusinessplan

D.tosellaservice

2.Themostimportantideabehindthekindofpartyplanningdescribedhereisthat.

A.itbringsparentsandchildrenclosertogether

B.guestsplayapartinthepreparationofaparty

C.parentsaresparedthetroubleofsendinginvitations

D.itprovidesasubjectofconversation

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”（paragraph1）probablymean?

A.apartydesignedbyspecialists

B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyoftrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

l.D本題考查考生對作者寫作意圖的理解與判斷能力。具體為對所讀材料體裁的把握。短文

中有多處線索可以提示，尤其在結尾段里：Thestandard$200package（可謂“套餐’）for...

includes...Formoreinformation,call...at…既有服務內容,又有價格、聯(lián)系電話,這樣的口吻顯

然是在sellaservice

（選項D）。

2.ATheirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,...；share在

此意為tohave（fun）togethero因此本項partyplanning服務的最重要意義在于bringparentsand

childrenclosertogethero

3.C開頭也有havingapartyathome通常給人帶來的辛苦:usuallyrequiresalotofrunning...

兩下形成對照。hassle即為通常人們在舉辦party時會遇上的情況，也就是asituationcausing

difficultyortroubleo

高三英語學法指導與語法難點（六）

一、單項填空題的復習與應試

英語的基礎知識主要是詞匯和語法知識。英語高考的各個題型都滲透著對基礎知識的檢測，單

項填空是較為集中考查如何運用基礎知識的題型之一。用考試大綱上的話來說就是”測試考生對

英語語法、詞匯知識和簡單表達形式的掌握情況”。簡單表達形式要表達的內涵非常豐富，不僅

可考查習語，還可考查如省略、口語中的交際用語等，這就突出了對語言的交際能力的考查。

高考的單項填空共15個題，計15分?？疾斓乃捻椧c是語法知識，詞語辨析，口語交際和

慣用法。一個小題考查多項知識是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，而且有的題還設兩空。高考單選以涉及動詞的

題為主，辨析題常是短語動詞的辨析。每年的題雖以基礎題為多數(shù)，但總有個別怪題出現(xiàn)。做好

單選題的關鍵是仔細看題干，不要只讀帶空格的那一句。要瞻前顧后，上掛下連，首尾呼應。含

兩個空的題，先確定有把握的那一個。要根據(jù)平時做題經驗，努力找出命題的意圖。審題時要注

意情感分析，交際原則，不可死扣語法規(guī)則。

總復習時適量練習單選是對的，因為單選練好了對完型也有好處。但不可花過多時間。要以

練中低檔題為主，偏難偏怪的題可不做，更不要仔細鉆研，因為有的題是無理可講的。要以記憶

句型為主，背句型好處甚多。同時努力記住錯題，力爭不讓同一塊石頭第二次絆倒。平時練好動

詞填空和提高觀察分析能力也是意義重大的。

二、語法知識易錯點

1.注意以下幾組詞組的區(qū)別。

1)forgettodo,forgetdoing

Don'tforgettoclosethedoorbeforeyouleave.

2)remembertodo,rememberdoing

Remembertohandinyourhomeworkafteryougettoschool.

3)regrettodo,regretdoing

Iregrettedtellinghimthenews.

4)meantodo,meandoing

Difficulthomeworkmeansstayinguplate.

5)stoptodo,stopdoing

Hestoppedreadingandtookarest.

6)trytodo,trydoing

Hetriedtohelpme,butfailed.

誤:Iregrettellingyouthatyouarefired.

正:Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.

2.todo和doing做主語的區(qū)別。

doing表抽象和泛指的動作。

todo表具體的一次性行為。

Swimmingismyhobby.

3.引導時間狀語從句的連詞。

when,whenever,as,while,before,after,assoonas,till,until,eversince,immediately,once,the

moment,thesecond,theinstant,directly.

誤:Iwilltellhimthenewswhenimmediatelyhecomes.

正:Iwilltellhimthenewsimmediatelyhecomes.

4.引導地點狀語從句的連詞。

where,wherever。如：

Wherethereiswater,thereislife.

5.引導原因狀語從句的連詞。

because,as,since,nowthat,foro如：

Ididn*tgotoschool,forIwasill.

SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgotoschool.

AsIwasill,Ididn'tgotoschool.

Ididn*tgotoschoolbecauseIwasill.

Nowthatyouhavefinishedthework,youarefreetodowhatyoulike.

6.引導目的狀語從句的連詞。

sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase

誤:Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatshemisunderstandshim.

正:Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatsheshouldmisunderstandhim.

7.引導結果狀語從句的連詞。

sothat,so...that...,such...that...

誤：Igotupearly,sothatIcouldcatchthebus.

IE:Igotupearly,sothatIcaughtthebus.

誤：ThereYesuchmanypeoplethatIcannotmove.

正:ThereYesomanypeoplethatIcannotmove.

8.引導條件狀語從句的連詞。

if,unless,aslongas,solongas,incase

Aslongasyouhelpme,Iwillhelpyou.

誤：Iwon'tgothereifI'minvited.

正：Iwon'tgothereunlessI'minvited.

9.引導比較狀語從句的連詞。

as...as,notso/as...as,than

誤:I'mastallerasheis.

正:I'mastallasheis.

10.引導讓步狀語從句的連詞。

though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,

however,nomatterwho(what,which,when,where,how),whether.

誤:Young/Childalthoughheis,heknowsalot.

正：Young/Childthough/asheis,heknowsalot.

誤:Don'tbelievenomatterwhathesays.

正:Don'tbelievewhateverhesays.

11.主語從句。

1）主語從句做主語，謂語動詞單數(shù)。

Whoeverfounditshouldreturnittotheowner.

2）主語從句中的連詞that不可省。

3）如果主語從句比較長，可以用it做形式主語。

Itmakeshersadthatherhairturnsgray.

誤：Hewillcomeiscertain.

正：Thathewillcomeiscertain.

12.引導同位語從句的名詞和連詞。

名詞有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,

fear等。連詞有that,whether,并且that不可省。

注意以下兩個句子。

Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.（同位語從句）

Thequestionheaskedmewaspuzzling.（定語從句）

誤:Thenewshewonthegamemadeushappy.

正:Thenewsthathewonthegamemadeushappy.

13.主謂一致需注意以下方面。

1）Ateacherandwriteriswaitingforyououtside.

2）Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.（類似的還有：eachboyand

eachgirl,noboyandnogirl,manyaboyandmanyagirl）

3）由以下幾個連詞連接兩個主語謂語動詞看前面的主語。這些連詞有：aswellas,nolessthan,

ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,including,inaddition

to等。

TomaswellashisclassmatesisgoingtovisittheForbiddenCitytomorrow.

4）成雙的名詞前有apairof來修飾，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。否則用復數(shù)。

Mytrousersareonthechair.

Apairoftrousersisonthechair.

5）%,分數(shù)，half,therest后面的謂語動詞符合就近一致原則。

10%ofthestudentsarehard-working.

6）表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數(shù)名詞或短語做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

1milliondollarsisalargesumofmoney.

7）力口、減、乘、除運算做主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Tenplustenistwenty.

8）集合名詞如：family,team,crowd,class,audience,population,class等做主語，如果指整體，

用單數(shù)；如果指整體中的每個人，用復數(shù)。

9）oneandahalf后接復數(shù)名詞，但是謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Oneandahalforangesisonthetable.

10）以下情況符合就近一致原則。如：therebe,either...or...,or,neither...nor...,whether...or...,

notonly...butalso...,not...but...

Thereisapenandtwopencilsinhispencil-box.

Therearetwopencilsandapeninhispencil-box.

誤:TheclassiswatchingTVnow.

正:TheclassarewatchingTVnow.

誤：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsiswaitingoutside.

正：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsarewaitingoutside.

高三英語學法指導與語法難點（七）

一、完型填空題的幾點說明

完型填空是許多同學感到困惑的一個題型，其實明確了它的特點并認真訓練是完全可以攻克

這一難關的。

完型填空是外語學習中一種綜合練習或測試形式。在近些年高考的試卷中，完型填空被列為

一項考查考生綜合運用所學詞匯和語法知識能力的重要題型。

完型填空可以考查出學生閱讀理解的能力如何.也可以看出他們寫作技能的高低。同時又能

鑒定出在一定語境下考生對詞匯和慣用法的掌握情況。當然，由于做完型填空經常要借助上下文

的內容進行推理判斷，完型填空也是對思維能力的考核。

完型填空一般是一篇有一定情節(jié)的短文，文章長度約200詞左右，挖空20個?？张c空之間

一般間隔是9-10個詞。備選答案主要是單個的詞，以實詞為主，主要是動詞和名詞。它有四項

考查重點，即缺詞閱讀、詞語辨析、寫作能力和邏輯分析。現(xiàn)在的完型是意思的考核代替了明顯

的語法知識的考核，所給的四個備選答案幾乎都不錯，但其中只有一個是最佳的。

做完型填空練習時首先要粗讀全文，了解大意。要細讀第一句，因為第一句一般不挖空，可

得到較多信息。第一遍做題時爭取先填出有把握的空，哪怕僅三五個。第二遍做題則逐個解決，

只留下個別不會的題。注意后線索的現(xiàn)象，答案的提示不一定在前邊。決定好答案后要注意它不

但應該在單句中合理、從全文看也合理。判斷的依據(jù)可以是環(huán)境因素，同義詞語，反義詞語，動

作順序，時間地點，連接詞語及構詞法知識。

完型填空水平的提高取決于閱讀與寫作水平的提高。要練好閱讀中的跳讀與掠讀的技術。要

努力把英語句子寫得通順流暢。要重視動詞名詞中意義相近的同義詞的辨析。還有就是學會邏輯

推理，分析概括。所以，練完型不要急于求成，它是和你的讀寫水平一起提高的。

二、語法知識易錯點

1.全部倒裝。

1）介詞短語表方位提前,如:infrontof,inthedistance

Infrontofthelakeliesahouse.

2）做狀語的副詞置于句首，如:in,out,down,up,back,over,away,off以及here,there,now,

then等。但是主語為人稱代詞時不倒裝。

Herecomesthebus.

Herehecomes.

誤:Infrontofthehousedidasmallboysit.

正:Infrontofthehousesatasmallboy.

2.部分倒裝。

1）否定詞放在句首。如:neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely,notonly,seldom,little,rarely,

nowhere,bynomeans,notuntil等。

Notuntilmidnightdidhecomeback.

2）頻率狀語放在句首。如：often,always,once,manyatime,nowandagain,everyotherday,

everytwodays等。

Oftendidhetalkaboutit.

3）方式狀語放在句首。如：thus,so.

Iwaslateforschoolandsowashe.

4）only+狀語放在句首。

OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.

誤：Onlycanyoudoit.

正:Onlyyoucandoit.

3.在定語從句中，先行詞為物的情況下，以下幾種情況只能用ihal不能用whicho

1）有序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾；

It'sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.

2）先行詞為不定代詞；

ThatisallthatIwanttoknow.

3）先行詞由不定代詞修飾；

Hementionedallthebooksthatwerelaidonthetable.

4）先行詞有theonly,thevery,thelast修飾；

ItistheverydictionarythatIneed.

5）先行詞既有人又有物。

誤:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolswhichhehadvisited.

正:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.

4.只能用which的情況有：

1)介詞后面；

Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.

2)，后面。

Ihaveabook,whichisveryinteresting.

誤:ThisisthehouseinthatIstayed.

正:ThisisthehouseinwhichIstayed.

誤:Iwaslateforschoolagain,thatmadetheteacherangry.

正:Iwaslateforschoolagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.

5.if條件句虛擬的構成。

IF條ftq加

(were)woiMfcould/mightfsboukido

haddonewoukVcoukVtnight/shouldhavedone

weretodo

<fid(were)muldfMuWmigkt/sbftuH&

dtoulddo

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotherealone.

Ifhehadstudiedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.

IfIshoulddo/weretodo/didit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.

誤：Ifhetookouradvice,hewouldn'tbeintrouble.

正:Ifhehadtakenouradvice,hewouldn'thavebeenintrouble.

6.主語從句的虛擬。

1)Itis+adj.+thatsb.(should)do

常見的形容詞有：necessary,important,strange,natural

It'simportantthathetakemyadvice.

2)Iti